The continuing hurdle of developing foodborne pathogen detection techniques is that compromises must be made among simplicity, portability, speed, sensitivity, and quantitation. Herein, we fabricated ...quantum dot nanobeads (QDNS) by a layer-by-layer assembly of quantum dots on the surface of polymer nanospheres. QDNS exhibited higher fluorescence intensity than the quantum dots at the same particle number. Based on the quantum dot nanobeads as the signal reporter, a quantitative lateral flow immunoassay was demonstrated for Salmonella typhimurium detection with improved sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. A visual detection limit of 5 × 103 CFU mL-1Salmonella typhimurium within 10 min has been proved and demonstrated. Additionally, higher concentrations of non-Salmonella typhimurium bacteria have negligible effects on the detection of Salmonella typhimurium. The results of 50 single blind tests by 10 testers suggested that the assay exhibited 100% accuracy. The results illustrate that the assay provides a balance among simplicity, speed, sensitivity and accuracy, and it can be a favorable alternative for Salmonella typhimurium screening in various samples.
YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 1 (YTHDF1) has been indicated proven to participate in the cross-presentation of tumor antigens in dendritic cells and the cross-priming of CD8+ T cells. ...However, the role of YTHDF1 in prognosis and immunology in human cancers remains largely unknown.
All original data were downloaded from TCGA and GEO databases and integrated
R 3.2.2. YTHDF1 expression was explored with the Oncomine, TIMER, GEPIA, and BioGPS databases. The effect of YTHDF1 on prognosis was analyzed
GEPIA, Kaplan-Meier plotter, and the PrognoScan database. The TISIDB database was used to determine YTHDF1 expression in different immune and molecular subtypes of human cancers. The correlations between YTHDF1 expression and immune checkpoints (ICP), tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and neoantigens in human cancers were analyzed
the SangerBox database. The relationships between YTHDF1 expression and tumor-infiltrated immune cells were analyzed
the TIMER and GEPIA databases. The relationships between YTHDF1 and marker genes of tumor-infiltrated immune cells in urogenital cancers were analyzed for confirmation. The genomic alterations of YTHDF1 were investigated with the c-BioPortal database. The differential expression of YTHDF1 in urogenital cancers with different clinical characteristics was analyzed with the UALCAN database. YTHDF1 coexpression networks were studied by the LinkedOmics database.
In general, YTHDF1 expression was higher in tumors than in paired normal tissue in human cancers. YTHDF1 expression had strong relationships with prognosis, ICP, TMB, MSI, and neoantigens. YTHDF1 plays an essential role in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and participates in immune regulation. Furthermore, significant strong correlations between YTHDF1 expression and tumor immune-infiltrated cells (TILs) existed in human cancers, and marker genes of TILs were significantly related to YTHDF expression in urogenital cancers. TYHDF1 coexpression networks mostly participated in the regulation of immune response and antigen processing and presentation.
YTHDF1 may serve as a potential prognostic and immunological pan-cancer biomarker. Moreover, YTHDF1 could be a novel target for tumor immunotherapy.
Carbon nanodots (C-dots) with sp
/sp
framework and diameter of <10 nm contain abundant functional groups or polymers on their surface. C-dots have attracted immense attention because of their unique ...optical properties, excellent biocompatibility, facile preparation, and low cost. With these merits, C-dots have been used in a wide range of applications including sensing, bioimaging, catalysis, and light-emitting devices. C-dots exhibit good optical properties, such as tunable emission wavelength, good photostability, nonblinking, up-conversion emission, etc. Of note, C-dots show intrinsic pH-sensitive photoluminescence (PL), indicating their great potential for pH sensing, especially in biotic pH sensing. In this review, we systematically summarize the pH-sensitive PL properties and the pH-sensitive PL mechanism, as well as recent research progress of C-dots in pH sensing. The current challenges of pH-sensitive C-dots and their future research focus are also proposed here. We anticipate this review might be of great significance for understanding the characteristics of pH-sensitive C-dots and the development of photoluminescent nanomaterials with pH-sensitive properties.
The aryl to vinyl palladium 1,4-migration was realized for the first time. The generated alkenyl palladium species was trapped by diboron reagents under Miyaura borylation conditions, providing a new ...method to synthesize β,β-disubstituted vinylboronates. The excellent regioselectivity and broad substrate scope were observed for this novel transformation.
Depicting the heterogeneity and functional characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is necessary to achieve precision medicine for bladder cancer (BLCA). Although classical molecular ...subtypes effectively reflect TME heterogeneity and characteristics, their clinical application is limited by several issues.
In this study, we integrated the Xiangya cohort and multiple external BLCA cohorts to develop a novel 5-methylcytosine (5mC) regulator-mediated molecular subtype system and a corresponding quantitative indicator, the 5mC score. Unsupervised clustering was performed to identify novel 5mC regulator-mediated molecular subtypes. The principal component analysis was applied to calculate the 5mC score. Then, we correlated the 5mC clusters (5mC score) with classical molecular subtypes, immunophenotypes, clinical outcomes, and therapeutic opportunities in BLCA. Finally, we performed pancancer analyses on the 5mC score.
Two 5mC clusters, including 5mC cluster 1 and cluster 2, were identified. These novel 5mC clusters (5mC score) could accurately predict classical molecular subtypes, immunophenotypes, prognosis, and therapeutic opportunities of BLCA. 5mC cluster 1 (high 5mC score) indicated a luminal subtype and noninflamed phenotype, characterized by lower anticancer immunity but better prognosis. Moreover, 5mC cluster 1 (high 5mC score) predicted low sensitivity to cancer immunotherapy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, but high sensitivity to antiangiogenic therapy and targeted therapies, such as blocking the β-catenin, FGFR3, and PPAR-γ pathways.
The novel 5mC regulator-based subtype system reflects many aspects of BLCA biology and provides new insights into precision medicine in BLCA. Furthermore, the 5mC score may be a generalizable predictor of immunotherapy response and prognosis in pancancers.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Autophagy plays a critical role in nutrient recycling/re-utilizing under nutrient deprivation conditions. However, the role of autophagy in soybeans has not been intensively investigated. In this ...study, the
(
) gene in soybeans (referred to as
) was silenced using a virus-induced gene silencing approach mediated by
(BPMV). Our results showed that ATG8 proteins were highly accumulated in the dark-treated leaves of the
-silenced plants relative to the vector control leaves (BPMV-0), which is indicative of an impaired autophagy pathway. Consistent with the impaired autophagy, the dark-treated
-silenced leaves displayed an accelerated senescence phenotype, which was not seen on the dark-treated BPMV-0 leaves. In addition, the accumulation levels of both H
O
and salicylic acid (SA) were significantly induced in the
-silenced plants compared with the BPMV-0 plants, indicating an activated immunity. Consistently, the
-silenced plants were more resistant against both
(
) and
(SMV) compared with the BPMV-0 plants. However, the activated immunity in the
-silenced plant was not dependent upon the activation of MPK3/MPK6. Collectively, our results demonstrated that the function of
ATG7 is indispensable for autophagy in soybeans, and the activated immunity in the
-silenced plant is a result of impaired autophagy.
Throughout various stages of its life cycle, influenza A virus relies heavily on host cellular machinery, including the post-translational modifications (PTMs) system. During infection, influenza ...virus interacts extensively with the cellular PTMs system to aid in its successful infection and dissemination. The complex interplay between viruses and the PTMs system induces global changes in PTMs of the host proteome as well as modifications of specific host or viral proteins. The most common PTMs include phosphorylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, acetylation, methylation, NEDDylation, and glycosylation. Many PTMs directly support influenza virus infection, whereas others contribute to modulating antiviral responses. In this review, we describe current knowledge regarding the role of PTMs in different stages of the influenza virus replication cycle. We also discuss the concerted role of PTMs in antagonizing host antiviral responses, with an emphasis on their impact on viral pathogenicity and host range.
Lipase is involved in lipid hydrolysis, which is related to nematodes' energy reserves and stress resistance. However, the role of lipases in Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, a notorious plant‐parasitic ...nematode responsible for severe damage to pine forest ecosystems, remains largely obscure. Here, we characterized a class III lipase as a candidate effector and named it BxLip‐3. It was transcriptionally up‐regulated in the parasitic stages of B. xylophilus and specifically expressed in the oesophageal gland cells and the intestine. In addition, BxLip‐3 suppressed cell death triggered by the pathogen‐associated molecular patterns PsXEG1 and BxCDP1 in Nicotiana benthamiana, and its Lipase‐3 domain is essential for immunosuppression. Silencing of the BxLip‐3 gene resulted in a delay in disease onset and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the expression of pathogenesis‐related (PR) genes. Plant chitinases are thought to be PR proteins involved in the defence system against pathogen attack. Using yeast two‐hybrid and co‐immunoprecipitation assays, we identified two class I chitinases in Pinus thunbergii, PtChia1‐3 and PtChia1‐4, as targets of BxLip‐3. The expression of these two chitinases was up‐regulated during B. xylophilus inoculation and inhibited by BxLip‐3. Overall, this study illustrated that BxLip‐3 is a crucial virulence factor that plays a critical role in the interaction between B. xylophilus and host pine.
The Bursaphelenchus xylophilus candidate effector BxLip‐3 is a crucial virulence factor that interacts with two class I chitinases, PtChia1‐3 and PtChia1‐4, in Pinus thunbergii to attenuate host defences.
Rapid detection of highly contagious pathogens is the key to increasing the probability of survival and reducing infection rates. We developed a sensitive and quantitative lateral flow assay for ...detection of Ebola virus (EBOV) glycoprotein with a novel multifunctional nanosphere (RNs@Au) as a reporter. Each RNs@Au contains hundreds of quantum dots and dozens of Au nanoparticles and can achieve enhanced dual-signal readout (fluorescence signal for quantitative detection and colorimetric signal for visual detection). Antibody (Ab) and streptavidin (SA) were simultaneously modified onto the RNs@Au to label the target and act as signal enhancer. After the target was labeled by the Ab–RNs@Au–SA and captured on the test line, biotin-modified RNs@Au was used to amplify the dual signal by the reaction of SA with biotin. The assay enables naked-eye detection of 2 ng/mL glycoprotein within 20 min, and the quantitative detection limit is 0.18 ng/mL. Additionally, the assay has been successfully tested in field work for detecting EBOV in spiked urine, plasma, and tap water samples and is thus a promising candidate for early diagnosis of suspect infections in EBOV-stricken areas.
Aim
To evaluate the outcomes of an apically repositioned flap (ARF) plus xenogeneic collagen matrix (XCM) in augmenting keratinized mucosa width (KMW) around dental implants when compared with ARF ...plus free gingival grafts (FGG).
Materials and methods
Twenty‐six participants with at least one site with KMW ≤2 mm were randomized into FGG or XCM group. Clinical examinations were performed at baseline and at 2 and 6 months after surgery, including KMW, keratinized mucosa thickness, gingival index (GI), and probing depth (PD). Post‐operative pain and patient satisfaction were also evaluated.
Results
At 6 months, FGG attained a greater increase of KMW and thicker mucosa than XCM (4.1 ± 1.6 mm vs. 1.8 ± 1.0 mm, p < .001; 1.7 ± 0.6 mm vs. 1.2 ± 0.3 mm, p < .01). Regarding GI, PD, post‐operative pain, aesthetic outcomes, and patient satisfaction, no significant difference could be detected. Moreover, the operation time of XCM group was shorter (60 ± 9 min vs. 39 ± 8 min, p < .001).
Conclusions
FGG could result in greater increase of KMW than XCM, though both could increase KMW, maintain peri‐implant health, and attain comparable aesthetic outcomes. The use of XCM was associated with reduced operation time.
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