Large-scale energy storage technologies are in high demand for effective utilization of intermittent electricity generations and efficient electric power transmission. The feasibility of lithium-ion ...batteries for large-scale energy storage is under debate due to the scarcity and uneven distribution of lithium resources in the Earth's crust. Therefore, there arises tremendous interest in pursuing alternative energy storage systems based on earth-abundant materials. Recently, non-aqueous potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) are emerging as a promising energy storage system due to the abundance of potassium and the encouraging battery performance. Here, the recent research progress in non-aqueous KIBs is summarized, including electrode materials, electrolytes, battery architectures and fundamental electrochemical processes. The challenges and future research opportunities are also briefly discussed.
The recent research progress in non-aqueous potassium-ion batteries is summarized and the challenges and future research opportunities are briefly discussed.
A novel facile and scalable strategy is developed to prepare freestanding carbon nanofiber/graphene nanosheet composites using a scalable membrane–liquid interface culture method followed by ...carbonization. The carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and graphene nanosheets (GNs) are uniformly dispersed in a three‐dimensional (3D) conductive architecture. Robust mechanical properties are demonstrated with fine flexibility, good structure stability, and high specific surface area. As supercapacitor electrodes, the 3D nanocomposite delivers good electrochemical performance with a high capacitance of 215 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and extraordinary cycling stability with no capacitance degradation after 5000 cycles, which are among the best carbon electrodes in supercapacitors. The energy density is as high as 20 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 900 W kg−1, superior to other CNF‐based electrode materials. The superb electrochemical performance of the 3D nanocomposite electrode is ascribed to the unique structure: 3D conductive network, uniform dispersion of carbon nanofibers and graphene nanosheets, robust mechanical property, and large specific surface area. The combination of facile fabrication method, good performance, and robust mechanical property makes the 3D nanocomposites very promising as a new type of superior supercapacitor electrodes.
Large‐area freestanding carbon nanofiber/graphene nanosheet composite electrodes are prepared using a facile and scalable membrane–liquid interface biological culture method and demonstrate a high reversible capacity and extraordinary cycling stability with no capacitance degradation after 5000 cycles. The energy density is as high as 20 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 900 W kg−1.
The neurofilament (NF) cytoskeleton is critical for neuronal morphology and function. In particular, the neurofilament-light (NF-L) subunit is required for NF assembly in vivo and is mutated in ...subtypes of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease. NFs are highly dynamic, and the regulation of NF assembly state is incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that human NF-L is modified in a nutrient-sensitive manner by O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), a ubiquitous form of intracellular glycosylation. We identify five NF-L O-GlcNAc sites and show that they regulate NF assembly state. NF-L engages in O-GlcNAc-mediated protein-protein interactions with itself and with the NF component α-internexin, implying that O-GlcNAc may be a general regulator of NF architecture. We further show that NF-L O-GlcNAcylation is required for normal organelle trafficking in primary neurons. Finally, several CMT-causative NF-L mutants exhibit perturbed O-GlcNAc levels and resist the effects of O-GlcNAcylation on NF assembly state, suggesting a potential link between dysregulated O-GlcNAcylation and pathological NF aggregation. Our results demonstrate that site-specific glycosylation regulates NF-L assembly and function, and aberrant NF O-GlcNAcylation may contribute to CMT and other neurodegenerative disorders.
This study aims to explore the relationship between consumer purchasing behavior and key micro-influencer attributes, including knowledge, entertainment value, credibility, and transparency, within ...the context of Chinese social media platforms. The paper adopts a quantitative approach, employing partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze the intricate relationships among latent variables. The respondents comprise active users of major Chinese social media platforms, such as Weibo and Xiaohongshu. For primary data collection, 329 respondents were surveyed online, utilizing a convenient sampling method as part of non-probability sampling. Data collection spanned four weeks, and participants were given the option to respond in either English or Mandarin. The findings suggest significant associations between consumer purchasing behavior and micro-influencer attributes. Specifically, knowledge, entertainment value, credibility, and transparency exhibit varying degrees of influence on consumer behavior within the Chinese social media landscape. The p-value for H1, H2, H3, and H7 appeared as 0.000 and shows that these are the highly significant relations, whereas the p-value for H3 (0.019), for H5 (0.001), and for H6 (0.028) shows that these relations play a moderate role in the proposed model. Elucidating the role of key attributes provides valuable insights for marketers and businesses seeking to leverage micro-influencer marketing strategies effectively in this rapidly evolving digital landscape.
Tinnitus is a common but obscure auditory disease to be studied. This study will determine whether the connectivity features in electroencephalography (EEG) signals can be used as the biomarkers for ...an efficient and fast diagnosis method for chronic tinnitus.
In this study, the resting-state EEG signals of tinnitus patients with different tinnitus locations were recorded. Four connectivity features including the Phase-locking value (PLV), Phase lag index (PLI), Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), and Transfer entropy (TE) and two time-frequency domain features in the EEG signals were extracted, and four machine learning algorithms, included two support vector machine models (SVM), a multi-layer perception network (MLP) and a convolutional neural network (CNN), were used based on the selected features to classify different possible tinnitus sources.
Classification accuracy was highest when the SVM algorithm or the MLP algorithm was applied to the PCC feature sets, achieving final average classification accuracies of 99.42 or 99.1%, respectively. And based on the PLV feature, the classification result was also particularly good. And MLP ran the fastest, with an average computing time of only 4.2 s, which was more suitable than other methods when a real-time diagnosis was required.
Connectivity features of the resting-state EEG signals could characterize the differentiation of tinnitus location. The connectivity features (PCC and PLV) were more suitable as the biomarkers for the objective diagnosing of tinnitus. And the results were helpful for clinicians in the initial diagnosis of tinnitus.
Li metal is regarded as a promising anode for high‐energy‐density Li batteries, while the limited cycle life and fast capacity decay caused by notorious Li dendrite growth seriously impedes its ...application. Herein, a robust and highly lithiophilic bacterial cellulose‐derived carbon nanofiber@reduced graphene oxide nanosheet (BC‐CNF@rGO) composite scaffold is fabricated as a host for dendrite‐free Li metal anode through an in situ biofabrication method. The abundant lithiophilic functional groups, conductive 3D network, and excellent mechanical property can effectively regulate uniform Li nucleation and deposition, enable fast reaction kinetics, and alleviate volume change. As a result, the BC‐CNF@rGO skeleton achieves exceptional Li plating/stripping performance with a high average Coulombic efficiency of 98.3% over 800 cycles, and a long cycle life span of 5000 h at 2 mA cm−2@1 mAh cm−2 with a low overpotential of ≈15 mV for lithium plating. Furthermore, full cells coupling BC‐CNF@rGO‐Li anode with LiFePO4 cathode achieves an unprecedented cycling stability with a long cycle life of 3000 cycles at 1 C. This work sheds light on a promising material design and fabrication strategy for realizing high performance Li metal batteries.
Lithiophilic carbon nanofiber@reduced graphene oxide nanosheet composite scaffolds are fabricated through an in situ biofabrication method. The abundant lithiophilic functional groups and conductive 3D network can effectively regulate uniform Li nucleation and deposition, realizing exceptional Li plating/stripping, and full cell cycling performance. The findings provide a promising material fabrication strategy for realizing high performance Li metal batteries.
Potassium–metal batteries are attractive candidates for low-cost and large-scale energy storage systems due to the abundance of potassium. However, K metal dendrite growth as well as volume expansion ...of K metal anodes on cycling have significantly hindered its practical applications. Although enhanced performance has been reported using carbon hosts with complicated structure engineering, they are not suitable for mass production. Herein, a highly potassiophilic carbon nanofiber paper with abundant oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface and a 3D interconnected network architecture is fabricated through a facile, scalable, and environmental-friendly biosynthesis method. As a host for K metal anode, uniform K nucleation and stable plating/stripping performance are demonstrated, with a stable cycling of 1400 h and a low overpotential of 45 mV, which are much better than all carbon hosts without complicated structure engineering. Moreover, full cells pairing the carbon nanofiber paper/K composite anodes with K4Fe(CN)6 cathodes exhibit excellent cycle stability and rate capability. The results provide a promising way for realizing dendrite-free K metal anodes and high-performance potassium–ion batteries.
•Influence of atmospheric stability on urban dispersion is investigated numerically.•Canyon vortex intensity differs under unstable, neutral and stable conditions.•Stable atmospheric stratification ...will aggravate urban pollution consequence.•Plume deflection is a significant characteristic of the urban dispersion.
This study simulated the flow and near-field plume dispersion in an urban-like environment under unstable, neutral and stable atmospheric stratification using the steady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) methodology. First, a validation study for two trials of the Mock Urban Setting Test (MUST) experiments is performed to examine the predictive performance of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, Fluidyn-PANACHE. The effects of atmospheric stability on the flow structure in street canyons under perpendicular incident flow conditions are investigated. In addition, the patterns of urban dispersion in different cases of stability are also analysed under perpendicular and oblique wind direction conditions. The results show that in the urban environment, the influence of atmospheric stability on the canyon vortex intensity, flow structure and plume dispersion is apparent; intense thermal turbulence enhances the vortex intensity and plume dilution in the street canyon under unstable conditions; when the atmospheric conditions are stable, the vertical profile of the streamwise velocity is significantly decreased by the obstacles, and the concentration level and spread of pollutants increase in the street canyon due to relatively weak turbulent motions; plume deflection within the obstacle array is noteworthy when the incident flow is oblique; in particular, the transport of the plume is basically independent of the wind direction very near the ground.
Reductive dehalogenation is not typical of aerobic organisms but plays a significant role in iodide homeostasis and thyroid activity. The flavoprotein iodotyrosine deiodinase (IYD) is responsible for ...iodide salvage by reductive deiodination of the iodotyrosine derivatives formed as byproducts of thyroid hormone biosynthesis. Heterologous expression of the human enzyme lacking its N-terminal membrane anchor has allowed for physical and biochemical studies to identify the role of substrate in controlling the active site geometry and flavin chemistry. Crystal structures of human IYD and its complex with 3-iodo-l-tyrosine illustrate the ability of the substrate to provide multiple interactions with the isoalloxazine system of FMN that are usually provided by protein side chains. Ligand binding acts to template the active site geometry and significantly stabilize the one-electron-reduced semiquinone form of FMN. The neutral form of this semiquinone is observed during reductive titration of IYD in the presence of the substrate analog 3-fluoro-l-tyrosine. In the absence of an active site ligand, only the oxidized and two-electron-reduced forms of FMN are detected. The pH dependence of IYD binding and turnover also supports the importance of direct coordination between substrate and FMN for productive catalysis.Iodotyrosine deiodinase utilizes FMN to maintain iodide homeostasis by reductive deiodination of iodotyrosine.
Crystallographic, pH, and redox studies demonstrate the role of substrate in organizing the active site for effective catalysis.
Stepwise single electron transfer is promoted only after coordination of a halotyrosine within iodotyrosine deiodinase.
A synergy between substrate selectivity and catalytic activity is created by the enzyme.
In this paper, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach was used to study patterns of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) vapor dispersion under different atmospheric stabilities. First of all, the Burro ...8 field test was used to validate prediction results generated by Fluidyn-PANACHE, a CFD modeling software. The test data confirmed that PANACHE is able to describe the dense gas behavior of LNG vapor dispersion. The CFD predictions regarding lower flammable limit (LFL) distances and downwind maximum concentration were in approximate agreement with the test data. After this, the dispersion of LNG vapor, which results from its accidental release from the top of large-scale storage tank under different atmospheric stabilities, were simulated. The results showed that the influence of atmospheric stability on the vertical and lateral distributions of vapor cloud, the downwind near-ground gas concentrations and the LFL distance is significant. The vertical spread of cloud under unstable condition is slightly larger than that under neutral and stable conditions. The dilution of the LNG cloud is suppressed under stable condition due to weaker turbulent mixing. Also, stable atmospheric condition can increase the near-ground gas concentrations, the lateral distribution of the cloud and the LFL distance. The longitudinal distribution of the cloud near the ground under neutral condition is larger than that under unstable and stable condition.
•Three different atmospheric stratifications (unstable, neutral and stable) were modeled by the numerical methods.•The dispersion resulted from the accidental release of LNG vapor at the top of a storage tank was simulated.•The effect of atmospheric stabilities on LNG vapor dispersion were analyzed.
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