Since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 18 years ago, a large number of SARS-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoVs) have been discovered in their natural reservoir host, bats
. ...Previous studies have shown that some bat SARSr-CoVs have the potential to infect humans
. Here we report the identification and characterization of a new coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which caused an epidemic of acute respiratory syndrome in humans in Wuhan, China. The epidemic, which started on 12 December 2019, had caused 2,794 laboratory-confirmed infections including 80 deaths by 26 January 2020. Full-length genome sequences were obtained from five patients at an early stage of the outbreak. The sequences are almost identical and share 79.6% sequence identity to SARS-CoV. Furthermore, we show that 2019-nCoV is 96% identical at the whole-genome level to a bat coronavirus. Pairwise protein sequence analysis of seven conserved non-structural proteins domains show that this virus belongs to the species of SARSr-CoV. In addition, 2019-nCoV virus isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of a critically ill patient could be neutralized by sera from several patients. Notably, we confirmed that 2019-nCoV uses the same cell entry receptor-angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2)-as SARS-CoV.
A series of ethylenediamine (EDA)-functionalized magnetic polymers (EDA-MPs) have been prepared via suspension polymerization with the usage amount of the functional monomer glycidylmethacrylate ...(GMA) varied during the suspension polymerization procedure. The EDA-MPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), thermogravimetry and differential thermogravimetry analysis (TG-DTA), Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and elementary analyzer (EA). The adsorption properties of the EDA-MPs for the removal of Cr(VI) in wastewater were deeply studied. The results showed the adsorption efficiency was highly pH dependent and decreased with the increasing of initial concentration of Cr(VI). The adsorption data taken at the optimized condition, i.e., 35 degrees C and pH of 2.5 were well fitted with the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacities (q(m)) of EDA-MPs to Cr(VI) were highly related to the contents of EDA-MPs, i.e., the q(m) of EDA-MPs to Cr(VI) calculated from the Langmuir isotherm increased from 32.15 to 61.35 mg g(-1) with the increasing of the usage amount of GMA. The adsorption kinetic data were modeled by the pseudo-second-order rate equation, and the adsorption of Cr(VI) by all the present EDA-MPs reached equilibrium in 60 min.
Prognostic biomarkers are highly needed to properly manage patients with cancer and improve their clinical courses. The relationship between lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) at diagnosis and ...ovarian cancer prognosis has been extensively studied, but little consensus has been reached regarding its utility as a biomarker of poor outcome. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the potential prognostic value of pretreatment LMR in such patients to shed light on this issue.
We searched the scientific databases of MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and WangFang for relevant studies about the inflammatory prognostic factor LMR in ovarian cancer, based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The following parameters were analyzed among others: LMR values and respective cut-offs, patient's overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), and clinicopathological features.
Eight studies, including 2259 patients, were eligible for inclusion in this meta-analysis. We found that low LMR was associated with both poor OS Hazard ratio (HR): 1.92; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.58-2.34; p < 0.001 and PFS (HR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.54-1.88; p < 0.001). Moreover, our findings revealed that low LMR was correlated with high G2/G3 histological grade (OR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.26-2.20; p < 0.001) and late III-IV FIGO stage tumors (OR: 3.55; 95% CI: 2.68-4.70; p < 0.001), high serum CA-125 level (OR: 2.18; 95% CI: 1.71-2.77; p < 0.001), and presence of malignant ascites (OR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.11-3.14; p = 0.02) and lymph node metastases (OR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.13-2.54; p = 0.01).
Pretreatment LMR is a potential prognostic marker of poor outcome in ovarian cancer patients and may thus be important in clinical care and disease control.
Recurrence and metastasis are the leading causes of tumour-related death in patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Tumour-infiltrating natural killer cells (NK cells) display ...powerful cytotoxicity to tumour cells and play a pivotal role in tumour therapy. However, the phenotype and functional regulation of NK cells in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains largely unknown.
Single cell suspensions from blood and tissue samples were isolated by physical dissociation and filtering through a 70 μm cell strainer. Flow cytometry was applied to profile the activity and function of NK cells, and an antibody chip experiment was used to identify and quantitate cytokine levels. We studied IL-6 and IL-8 function in primary oesophageal squamous carcinoma and NK cell co-cultures in vitro and by a xenograft tumour model in vivo. Western blotting was used to quantitate STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) and p-STAT3 levels. Finally, we performed an IHC array to analyse IL-6/IL-8 (interleukin 6/interleukin 8) expression in 103 pairs of tumours and matched adjacent tissues of patients with ESCC to elucidate the correlation between IL-6 or IL-8 and clinical characteristics.
The percentages of NK cells in both peripheral blood and tumour tissues from patients with ESCC were significantly increased in comparison with those in the controls and correlated with the clinical characteristics. Furthermore, the decrease in activating receptors and increase in inhibitory receptors on the surface of tumour-infiltrating NK cells was confirmed by flow cytometry. The level of granzyme B, the effector molecule of tumour-infiltrating NK cells, was also decreased. Mechanistically, primary ESCC cells activated the STAT3 signalling pathway on NK cells through IL-6 and IL-8 secretion, leading to the downregulation of activating receptors (NKp30 and NKG2D) on the surface of NK cells. An ex vivo study showed that blockade of STAT3 attenuated the IL-6/IL-8-mediated impairment of NK cell function. Moreover, the expression of IL-6 or IL-8 in tumour tissues was validated by immunohistochemistry to be positively correlated with tumour progression and poor survival, respectively.
Tumour cell-secreted IL-6 and IL-8 impair the activity and function of NK cells via STAT3 signalling and contribute to oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma malignancy.
Aims and objectives
To compare the effectiveness of nurse‐led early discharge planning programmes to standard care for inpatients with chronic disease or rehabilitation needs.
Background
...Nurse‐directed early discharge planning could shorten inpatient stays and reduce medical costs; however, it is not known whether the development of discharge planning programmes is effective for inpatients with chronic disease nor how such programmes might be optimally organised.
Design
Systematic review and meta‐analysis.
Methods
The PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials assessing nurse‐directed discharge planning for inpatients with chronic disease or rehabilitation needs. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Meta‐analyses were conducted for the eligible studies by RevMan 5.2.6. Data were pooled using a fixed‐effect or random effects model. Where meta‐analysis was not possible, narrative analysis was reported.
Results
Ten randomized controlled trials and 3438 participants were included. Meta‐analysis demonstrated that, compared to standard care, early discharge planning programmes are effective in reducing hospital readmission rates, duration of inpatient readmissions and all‐cause mortality. However, no reduction in the length of stay of the index admission was demonstrated. Narrative analysis suggested that discharge planning may reduce total and readmission costs, as well as improving patients’ satisfaction and overall quality of life.
Conclusions
Compared to standard care, nurse‐led early discharge planning programmes have a positive impact on several aspects of care for inpatients with chronic disease and rehabilitation requirements, including reducing readmission, readmission length of stay and mortality and improving quality of life. These findings should be taken into account in future health service policy development.
Relevance to clinical practice
These findings are relevant to clinical and managerial staff in formulating and implementing discharge planning programmes for inpatients with chronic disease or rehabilitation needs.
Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) have been commonly observed and drawn an increasing amount of attention over the past decades. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the ...origin, current hotspots, and research trends on children with DCD using a bibliometric tool. After searching with "children" and "developmental coordination disorder" as the "topic" and "title" words, respectively, 635 original articles with 12,559 references were obtained from the electronic databases, Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). CiteSpace V.5.7.R2 was used to perform the analysis. The number of publications in this field was increasing over the past two decades. John Cairney from the Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Canada, was found to be the most productive researcher. Meanwhile, McMaster University and Canada were the most productive research institution and country, respectively. Reference and journal co-citation analyses revealed the top landmark articles and clusters in this field.
was the most strength burst keyword. Moreover,
, and
will be the active research hotspots in future. These findings provide the trends and frontiers in the field of children with DCD, and valuable information for clinicians and scientists to identify new perspectives with potential collaborators and cooperative countries.
Four kinds of NH
2
-functionalized nano magnetic polymer adsorbents (NH
2
-NMPs) coupled with different diamino groups, i.e., ethylenediamine (EDA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylentetramine ...(TETA), and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), named as EDA-NMPs, DETA-NMPs, TETA-NMPs, and TEPA-NMPs, respectively, have been prepared and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), elementary analyzer (EA), Brunauer, Emmett, Teller surface area analyzer (BET), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The sorptive characteristics of the NH
2
-NMPs intended for removal of chromium(VI) was investigated. Batch adsorption studies were carried out to optimize adsorption conditions. The evaluation of the adsorption kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamics was deeply investigated. The results showed the adsorptive properties of the NH
2
-NMPs were highly pH dependent. Adsorption of Cr(VI) reached equilibrium within 30 min. The data of adsorption kinetics obeyed pseudo-second-order rate mechanism well. The adsorption data for Cr(VI) onto NH
2
-NMPs were well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacities (
q
m
) of the NH
2
-NMPs to Cr(VI) were 136.98, 149.25, 204.08, 370.37 mg g
−1
, for EDA-NMPs, DETA-NMPs, TETA-NMPs, and TEPA-NMPs, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters like Δ
H
θ
, Δ
S
θ
, and Δ
G
θ
for the adsorption of Cr(VI) onto the NH
2
-NMPs have been estimated, which suggested that the adsorption processes of Cr(VI) onto the NH
2
-NMPs were endothermic and entropy favored in nature. The adsorption mechanism studies showed that the adsorption of Cr(VI) onto the NH
2
-NMPs could be related with electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and coordination interactions.
Using confocal microscopy, X-ray microanalysis and the scanning ion-selective electrode technique, we investigated the signalling of H₂O₂, cytosolic Ca²⁺ (Ca²⁺cyt) and the PM H⁺-coupled transport ...system in K⁺/Na⁺ homeostasis control in NaCl-stressed calluses of Populus euphratica. An obvious Na⁺/H⁺ antiport was seen in salinized cells; however, NaCl stress caused a net K⁺ efflux, because of the salt-induced membrane depolarization. H₂O₂ levels, regulated upwards by salinity, contributed to ionic homeostasis, because H₂O₂ restrictions by DPI or DMTU caused enhanced K⁺ efflux and decreased Na⁺/H⁺ antiport activity. NaCl induced a net Ca²⁺ influx and a subsequent rise of Ca²⁺cyt, which is involved in H₂O₂-mediated K⁺/Na⁺ homeostasis in salinized P. euphratica cells. When callus cells were pretreated with inhibitors of the Na⁺/H⁺ antiport system, the NaCl-induced elevation of H₂O₂ and Ca²⁺cyt was correspondingly restricted, leading to a greater K⁺ efflux and a more pronounced reduction in Na⁺/H⁺ antiport activity. Results suggest that the PM H⁺-coupled transport system mediates H⁺ translocation and triggers the stress signalling of H₂O₂ and Ca²⁺, which results in a K⁺/Na⁺ homeostasis via mediations of K⁺ channels and the Na⁺/H⁺ antiport system in the PM of NaCl-stressed cells. Accordingly, a salt stress signalling pathway of P. euphratica cells is proposed.
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have displayed dysregulated expression in several types of cancer. Nevertheless, their function and underlying mechanisms in cervical cancer remains largely unknown. This ...study aimed to describe the regulatory mechanisms in cervical cancer.
We downloaded the circRNAs expression profiles from Gene Expression Omnibus database, and RNAs expression profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. We established a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA and circRNA-miRNA-hubgene network. The interactions between proteins were analyzed using the STRING database and hubgenes were identified using MCODE plugin. Then, we conducted a circRNA-miRNA-hubgenes regulatory module. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses were conducted using R packages "Clusterprofile".
Six circRNAs, 15 miRNAs, and 158 mRNAs were identified to construct the ceRNA network of cervical cancer. PPI (protein-protein interaction) network and module analysis identified 7 hubgenes. Then, a circRNA-miRNA-hubgene subnetwork was constructed based on the 1 DEcircRNAs, 3 DEmiRNAs, and 3 DEmRNAs. The KEGG pathway analysis indicated DEmRNAs are involved in progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, cell cycle, and oocyte meiosis.
These ceRNAs are critical in the pathogenesis of cervical and may serve as future therapeutic biomarkers.
Mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) infections are ubiquitous in mammals. Increasing evidence suggests that some MRVs can cause severe respiratory disease and encephalitis in humans and other animals. ...Previously, we isolated six bat MRV strains. However, the pathogenicity of these bat viruses remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the host range and pathogenicity of 3 bat MRV strains (WIV2, 3 and 7) which represent three serotypes. Our results showed that all of them can infect cell lines from different mammalian species and displayed different replication efficiency. The BALB/c mice infected by bat MRVs showed clinical symptoms with systematic infection especially in lung and intestines. Obvious tissue damage were found in all infected lungs. One of the strains, WIV7, showed higher replication efficiency in vitro and vivo and more severe pathogenesis in mice. Our results provide new evidence showing potential pathogenicity of bat MRVs in animals and probable risk in humans.
•Bat MRVs show wide cell tropism in vivo and in vitro and have a high replication efficiency in lung and intestines.•Mice infected by bat MRVs showed clinical illness, but without death.•The higher replication in brain, lung damage and weak innate immune response may be responsible for severe diseases for WIV7.•The results indicate the potential pathogenicity of bat MRV to human and animals.
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