Asthma is one of the common chronic respiratory diseases in children, which poses a serious threat to children's quality of life. Respiratory infection is a risk factor for asthma. Compared with ...healthy children, children with early respiratory infections have a higher risk of asthma and an increased chance of developing severe asthma. Many clinical studies have confirmed the correlation between respiratory infections and the pathogenesis of asthma, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. The gut microbiome is an important part of maintaining the body's immune homeostasis. The imbalance of the gut microbiome can affect the lung immune function, and then affect lung health and cause respiratory diseases. A large number of evidence supports that there is a bidirectional regulation between intestinal flora and respiratory tract infection, and both are significantly related to the development of asthma. The changes of intestinal microbial components and their metabolites in respiratory tract infection may affect the occurrence and development of asthma through the immune pathway. By summarizing the latest advancements in research, this review aims to elucidate the intricate connection between respiratory tract infections and the progression of asthma by highlighting its bridging role of the gut microbiome. Furthermore, it offers novel perspectives and ideas for future investigations into the mechanisms that underlie the relationship between respiratory tract infections and asthma.
Obesity is an important risk factor and common comorbidity of childhood asthma. Simultaneously, obesity-related asthma, a distinct asthma phenotype, has attracted significant attention owing to its ...association with more severe clinical manifestations, poorer disease control, and reduced quality of life. The establishment of the gut microbiota during early life is essential for maintaining metabolic balance and fostering the development of the immune system in children. Microbial dysbiosis influences host lipid metabolism, triggers chronic low-grade inflammation, and affects immune responses. It is intimately linked to the susceptibility to childhood obesity and asthma and plays a potentially crucial transitional role in the progression of obesity-related asthma. This review article summarizes the latest research on the interplay between asthma and obesity, with a particular focus on the mediating role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of obesity-related asthma. This study aims to provide valuable insight to enhance our understanding of this condition and offer preliminary evidence to support the development of therapeutic interventions.
This study aimed to identify the related risk factors and potential predictors of SARS-CoV-2 RNA negative conversion by describing the dynamics of viral shedding in infected children admitted to two ...hospitals from Shanghai during the Omicron variant outbreak.
This retrospective cohort included laboratory-confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection from Shanghai between March 28 and May 31, 2022. Clinical characteristics, personal vaccination, and household vaccination rates were collected through electronic health records and telephone interviews.
A total of 603 paediatric patients confirmed to have COVID-19 were included in this study. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to filter independent factors for the duration to viral RNA negative conversion. Data on the redetection of SARS-CoV-2 in the patients after they showed negative results on the RT‒PCR test (intermittent negative status) were also analysed. The median duration of virus shedding was 12 (interquartile range, IQR: 10-14) days. The severity of clinical outcome, personal vaccination-2doses, household vaccination rates, and abnormal defecation were factors indecently affecting negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, suggesting that patients who had abnormal defecation or with more severe conditions would have delayed virological clearance, while patients who previously had 2 doses of vaccination or had higher household vaccination rates would have accelerated virological clearance. Loss of appetite (odds ratio (OR): 5.343; 95% CI: 3.307-8.632) and abnormal defecation (OR: 2.840; 95% CI: 1.736-4.645) were significantly associated with intermittent negative status.
These findings could provide clues for the early identification of paediatric patients with prolonged viral shedding and could enrich the evidence for the development of prevention and control strategies, especially vaccination policies for children and adolescents.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Chemoimmunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy for improving the efficacy of cancer treatment. Herein, we present PD-1 receptor-presenting membrane-coated paclitaxel dimers nanoparticles ...(PD-1@PTX2 NPs) for enhanced treatment efficacy. PD-1 cell membrane-cloaked PTX dimer exhibited effective cellular uptake and increased cytotoxicity against cancer cells. PD-1@PTX2 NPs could selectively bind with PD-L1 ligands expressed on breast cancer cells. Our nanoparticles exhibit a remarkable tumor growth inhibition rate of 71.3% in mice bearing 4T1 xenografts and significantly prolong survival in mouse models of breast cancer. Additionally, our nanoparticles promoted a significant 3.2-fold increase in CD8+ T cell infiltration and 73.7% regulatory T cell (Treg) depletion within tumors, boosting a robust antitumor immune response. These findings underscore the potential of utilizing immune checkpoint receptor-presented PTX nanoparticles to enhance the efficacy of chemoimmunotherapy, providing an alternative approach for improving cancer treatment.
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•Paclitaxel dimer nanoparticles decorated with PD-1 cell membranes were developed for treating breast cancer.•PD-1@PTX2 NPs significantly suppressed tumor growth and prolonged survival in mice bearing 4T1 xenograft.•PD-1@PTX2 NPs elicited a robust antitumor immune response for enhanced immunotherapy.
Increasing evidence has implicated the important role of mitochondrial pathology in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), while the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. The aim of this study was to ...investigate the role of mitochondrial dynamics in the pathogenesis of DCM and its underlying mechanisms.
: Obese diabetic (db/db) and lean control (db/+) mice were used in this study. Mitochondrial dynamics were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy
and by confocal microscopy
.
: Diabetic hearts from 12-week-old db/db mice showed excessive mitochondrial fission and significant reduced expression of Mfn2, while there was no significant alteration or slight change in the expression of other dynamic-related proteins. Reconstitution of Mfn2 in diabetic hearts inhibited mitochondrial fission and prevented the progression of DCM. In an in-vitro study, cardiomyocytes cultured in high-glucose and high-fat (HG/HF) medium showed excessive mitochondrial fission and decreased Mfn2 expression. Reconstitution of Mfn2 restored mitochondrial membrane potential, suppressed mitochondrial oxidative stress and improved mitochondrial function in HG/HF-treated cardiomyocytes through promoting mitochondrial fusion. In addition, the down-regulation of Mfn2 expression in HG/HF-treated cardiomyocytes was induced by reduced expression of PPARα, which positively regulated the expression of Mfn2 by directly binding to its promoter.
: Our study provides the first evidence that imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics induced by down-regulated Mfn2 contributes to the development of DCM. Targeting mitochondrial dynamics by regulating Mfn2 might be a potential therapeutic strategy for DCM.
Synthesis of affordable electrocatalysts with high efficiency at low cost is crucial for large-scale water splitting. Molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) has been suggested to be a promising alternative to ...noble metal based electrocatalysts for water splitting. In this paper, we fabricated a nanotextured coating of wrinkled Ni-doped Mo2C on carbon fiber paper (CFP) from Ni, Mo and carbon black (CB) via a molten salt method. Such a novel electrocatalyst, denoted as Ni-Mo2CCB/CFP, shows an overpotential of 121.4, 209.3 and 426.4 mV to achieve a current density of 10, 20 and 50 mA cm−2 respectively in acidic medium. The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance of other as-prepared CFP based electrodes (bare CFP, Mo2C/CFP, Mo2CCB/CFP, Ni-Mo2C/CFP and NiCx/CFP) also tested. We found that the addition of carbon black and the doping of Ni could significantly improve the electrocatalytic performance of Mo2C/CFP in terms of overpotential, Tafel slope and exchange current density. This work demonstrates a facile and scalable route using molten salt method for the synthesis of high-performance electrocatalysts from non-precious compounds on carbon materials.
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•Carbon fiber paper (CFP) was employed as a carbon source and substrate of Mo2C.•The addition of carbon black (CB) contributes to the refinement of Mo2C particles.•Ni-Mo2C/CFP composite was prepared from Ni, Mo, CFP and CB by a molten salt method.•The Ni-Mo2C/CFP electrocatalyst exhibits excellent catalytic performance for HER.
When a well-trained model learns a new class, the data distribution differences between the new and old classes inevitably cause catastrophic forgetting in order to perform better in the new class. ...This behavior differs from human learning. In this article, we propose a class incremental object detection method for remote sensing images to address the problem of catastrophic forgetting caused by distribution differences among different classes. First, we introduce a class similarity distillation (CSD) loss based on the similarity between new and old class prototypes, ensuring the model’s plasticity to learn new classes and stability to detect old classes. Second, to better extract class similarity features, we propose a global similarity distillation (GSD) loss that maximizes the mutual information between the new class feature and old class features. Additionally, we present a region proposal network (RPN)-based method that assigns positive and negative labels to prevent mislearning issues. Experiments demonstrate that our method is more accurate for class incremental learning on public DOTA and DIOR datasets and significantly improves training efficiency compared to state-of-the-art class incremental object detection methods.
Abstract Bolt loosening detection is crucial for ensuring the safe operation of equipment. Loosened bolts are hard to detect, and if left undetected, it can lead to catastrophic failures, especially ...for numerous bolts in large-scale structures. Therefore, the development of distributed bolt monitoring method and related sensors is highly necessary. In this paper, a novel bolt preload sensor with self-temperature compensation is proposed, based on the strain distribution of the bolt head end face. This study enhances previous research by conducting a detailed analysis of strain distribution at the edge of the bolt head surface. The finite element analysis results show that the bolt preload has almost no effect on the circumferential strain in the edge region of bolt head surface. Based on this feature, the strain gauge is applied circumferentially along the edge of the bolt head face as a temperature compensation gauge. In this way, the measuring strain gauge and the temperature compensation gauge can be integrated on the surface of the bolt head, thus achieving self-temperature compensation for the sensor. An experimental device has been established and the experimental results show that the designed sensor has excellent linearity to the bolt preload and effective temperature compensation. For the monitoring of numerous bolts with a wide distribution, a wireless sensing network utilizing the proposed sensor has been designed. The proposed wireless bolt sensor is easy to install and replace, without redesigning or changing the existing structure, thus providing a simple and effective way to monitor large number of bolts with wide distribution.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are toxic to the ecological environment. The emission of VOCs into the atmosphere has already caused attention. However, few studies focus on their regional effects ...on soil. As a major VOCs source in China, research on the effect of petrochemical industry on the environment is urgent and essential for regional control and industrial layout. This study established national VOCs emission inventory of five petrochemical sub-industries and spatial distribution based on consumption of raw material or products' yield and 28,888 factories. The VOCs emissions showed continuously increasing trend from 2008 to 2019, with cumulative 1.83 × 107 t, wherein these from rapid economic development zones accounted for 66.10%. The detected concentrations of VOCs in various industries combined with meteorological parameters were used in Resistance Model to quantify regional dry deposition. Higher concentrations of 111 VOC species were 238.27, 260.01, 207.54 μg·m−3 from large-scale enterprises for crude oil and natural gas extraction, oil processing, synthetic rubber and resin, leading to higher deposition ratios of 0.81%–0.94%, 0.70%–0.81%, 1.50%–1.75% in rapid economic development zones, respectively. The regional climate condition played a dominant role. Annual VOCs dry deposition amount in rapid economic development zones was calculated to be totally 6.38 × 103 t using obtained deposition ratios and emissions, with 3.21 × 103 t in Bohai Economic Rim (BER), 2.42 × 103 t in Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB), 748.43 t in Pearl River Delta (PRD). Generally, crude oil and natural gas extraction, oil processing, synthetic rubber and resin contributed 13.09%, 57.77% and 29.14%, respectively. The proportion of synthetic rubber and resin for dry deposition increased by 5.04%–18.81% compared with VOCs emissions in BER and YREB. In contrast, it declined from 45.52% for emission to 29.86% for deposition due to absolute dominance of small-scale enterprises in PRD. Overall, VOCs control from oil processing was significant, especially in BER.
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•National VOC emission inventory of 5 petrochemical industries is built in 2008–2019•Spatial emission by 28,888 plants shows 66.1% contribution of three economic zones•Regional deposition ratio using climatic factors and detected 111 VOCs is evaluated•Annual VOC deposition amount by 5 industries is calculated as 6380 t in three zones•Oil processing dominantly occupies 57.77% in deposition and 68.76% in emission
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