Memcapacitors are emerging as an attractive candidate for high‐density information storage due to their multilevel and adjustable capacitances and long‐term retention without a power supply. However, ...knowledge of their memcapacitive mechanism remains unclear and accounts for the limited implementation of memcapacitors for multilevel memory technologies. Here, repeatable and reproducible quaternary memories fabricated from hybrid perovskite (CH3NH3SnBr3) memcapacitors are reported. The device can be modulated to at least four capacitive states ranging from 0 to 169 pF with retention for 104 s. Impressively, an effective device yield approaching 100% for quaternary memory switching is achieved by a batch of devices; each state has a sufficiently narrow distribution that can be distinguished from the others and is superior to most multilevel memories that have a low device yield as well as an overlapping distribution of states. The memcapacitive switching stems from the modulated p–i–n junction capacitance triggered by Br− migration, as demonstrated by in situ element mapping, X‐ray photoelectron spectra, and frequency‐dependent capacitance measurements; this mechanism is different from the widely reported memristive switching involving filamentary conduction. The results provide a new way to produce high‐density information storage through memcapacitors.
An independent memcapacitor for quaternary memory is achieved. Four capacitive states, “OFF”, “ON1”, “ON2”, and “ON3”, are able to be repeatedly and reproducibly written/read/erased in an ITO/CH3NH3SnBr3/Au sandwich‐like device. The memcapacitive switching stems from Br– migration to modulate the p–i–n junction capacitance, which is different and independent from resistance switching in memristors.
The dynamics, duration, and nature of immunity produced during SARS-CoV-2 infection are still unclear. Here, we longitudinally measured virus-neutralising antibody, specific antibodies against the ...spike (S) protein, receptor-binding domain (RBD), and the nucleoprotein (N) of SARS-CoV-2, as well as T cell responses, in 25 SARS-CoV-2-infected patients up to 121 days post-symptom onset (PSO). All patients seroconvert for IgG against N, S, or RBD, as well as IgM against RBD, and produce neutralising antibodies (NAb) by 14 days PSO, with the peak levels attained by 15-30 days PSO. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and NAb remain detectable and relatively stable 3-4 months PSO, whereas IgM antibody rapidly decay. Approximately 65% of patients have detectable SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4
or CD8
T cell responses 3-4 months PSO. Our results thus provide critical evidence that IgG, NAb, and T cell responses persist in the majority of patients for at least 3-4 months after infection.
Abstract
Astrophysical events that occur in active galactic nucleus (AGN) disks are believed to differ significantly from the ordinary in the interstellar medium. We show that stars located in the ...outer region of the AGN disk would explode near the original migration starting points instead of being accreted by the central supermassive black hole owing to the effect of viscosity. AGN disks provide a dense environment for supernova (SN) explosions, which inevitably involve ejecta–disk interactions. In this paper, we investigate the light curves (LCs) of core-collapse SNe that exploded in AGN disks. In addition to the fundamental energy source of the
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Ni–
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Co–
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Fe decay reaction powering the SN LCs, the forward/reverse shock produced during interactions may contribute significantly to the observed flux. If the stellar winds manage to create a cavity surrounded by a shell near the star before the SN explosion, the ejecta–winds–disk configurations are expected. We present various SN LCs from different types of progenitors and find that the SN LCs are dominated by the radiation of ejecta–disk interaction induced shocks. The resulting SNe in the AGN disk are promising transient sources for UV and optical band detection by the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, the Ultraviolet Explorer, and wide-field survey telescopes such as the Ultraviolet Transient Astronomy Satellite, the Wide Field Survey Telescope, and the Legacy Survey of Space and Time at the Vera C. Rubin Observatory. These detections could aid in the investigation of AGN disks and the associated high-energy transient occurrences.
To study the effects of mining activities on the agricultural environmental quality, four representative paddy fields distributed at different towns (HSG, SNJ, NT and THJ) of Y County, northern Hunan ...Province, were investigated. It was found that the paddy fields at HSG, SNJ and NT were heavily polluted by heavy metals, especially Cu, Zn and Cd, due to long-term irrigation with the nearby stream water contaminated by mining wastewater. In contrast, the paddy field at THJ, far away from mining sites, was not polluted by heavy metals and regarded as a control. The rice grain produced at the fields of HSG, SNJ and NT had a high risk of Cd contamination. Soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass were significantly inhibited by the heavy metal pollution. Microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen at a severely polluted site of the field at HSG were only 31.6% and 64.4% of the controls, respectively. The activities of dehydrogenase, urease, catalase, acid and neutral phosphatase and sucrase were only 25.2%, 49.3%, 52.4%, 94.7%, 53.2% and 87.8% of the controls, respectively. The microbial parameters were mostly negatively significantly correlated with the contents of Cu, Zn, Cd and Ni in the paddy fields, fully suggesting that the heavy metals had toxic effects on microbial processes. Furthermore, the principal component analysis and cluster analysis indicated that the activities of dehydrogenase and microbial biomass carbon were the most sensitive to the toxicity of heavy metals and could be used as eco-indicators of soil pollution in the study areas.
•Paddy fields were polluted by heavy metals due to release of mining wastewater.•Rice grain produced in the polluted fields was contaminated by Cd.•Activities of soil enzymes were highly inhibited by the heavy metal pollution.•DH and MBC could be used as eco-indicators of heavy metal pollution of soils.
•A new method is proposed to identify critical success factors in emergency management.•The evaluations of influencing factors are given by decision makers using 2-dimention uncertain linguistic ...variables.•The cause-effect classification of factors are found out based on an improved DEMATEL technique.•An example is presented to illustrate the practicality and usability of the developed method.
Due to the variety and destructiveness of unconventional emergencies, it is of great necessity to analyze and optimize emergency management systematically. The performance of emergency management is often influenced by a lot of factors, and it is not realistic to improve all influential factors simultaneously due to limited resources. To address this concern, a new combined method based on 2-dimension uncertain linguistic variables (2DULVs) and decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) is proposed in this paper to determine critical success factors (CSFs) in emergency management. Specifically, the evaluations of influential factors given by decision makers are represented and processed by using 2DULVs. Based on the DEMATEL technique, the cause-effect classification of factors are obtained and the CSFs in emergency management can be found out. Finally, a case study is provided to illustrate the practicality and usefulness of the proposed 2-dimension uncertain linguistic DEMATEL (2DUL-DEMATEL) method. The results show that by enhancing the performance of five CSFs, the effectiveness and efficiency of emergency management could be promoted greatly.
Timely and effective emergency decision making (EDM) is the key to control the spread of disasters and reduce the casualties and property losses caused by emergencies. However, due to limited time ...and insufficient data, it is difficult for decision makers to provide accurate information about emergency incidents. Moreover, the EDM problems become complicated and unstructured requiring the deployment of advanced mathematical techniques to derive the most acceptable response. In this paper, we propose a new EDM approach by using picture fuzzy sets and axiomatic design technique for determining the optimal rescue plan to reduce the damages of emergencies. The contribution of this paper is to apply the picture fuzzy sets to handle the uncertainty and ambiguity of decision makers' assessments on emergency alternatives, apply the picture fuzzy hybrid averaging operator to aggregate decision makers' opinions into a group evaluation matrix and extend the axiomatic design technique to identify the best emergency solution for EDM. Finally, a real example is provided, and the result is compared with existing methods to demonstrate the feasibility and practicability of our proposed EDM approach.
•A dynamic approach is proposed in this paper for emergency decision making.•The uncertain assessment information of decision makers is handled by IVPFLVs.•The weights of criteria are calculated by a ...combination weighting method.•An extended prospect theory is applied to rank emergency decision solutions.•The practicability of proposed approach is illustrated by an empirical example.
Emergency events can bring huge economic losses and casualties to human beings if not properly managed. To reduce all kinds of losses and prevent the escalation of disasters, it is of great importance to make reasonable decisions for emergencies in the short time. In the emergency decision making (EDM), however, decision information is often vague and uncertain and most of the current decision methods assume that decision makers are completely rational. Accordingly, this paper presents a dynamic approach based on interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy linguistic variables (IVPFLVs) and prospect theory, called dynamic IVPFL-PT, for dealing with the EDM problems. First, the fuzzy assessments of decision makers are represented as IVPFLVs, and the weights of criteria are obtained by using a combination weighting method. Then, the prospect theory which can describe the psychological behaviors of decision makers is applied to rank emergency solutions. Furthermore, the proposed EDM approach can determine the best solution dynamically under different status. The new dynamic IVPFL-PT approach is implemented in a real example and compared with existing methods to demonstrate its feasibility and practicability.
Photoswitchable room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials are of great interest due to their potential applications in optical devices and switches. Herein, two Zn‐based coordination polymers ...(CPs) (H3‐TPB)·Zn6(H‐HEDP)(HEDP)3(H2O)2·5H2O (complex 1; HEDP = hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate; TPB = 1,3,5‐tris(4‐pyridyl)benzene) and (H‐TPB)·Zn3(H‐HEDP)(HEDP)(H2O)·2H2O (complex 2) with distinguishable photochromism and tunable RTP are synthesized involving photoactive TPB molecules with different packing modes. Complex 1 exhibits bidirectionally on/off RTP regulation via on‐switch with excitation of 250−330 nm light and off‐switch with 350−380 nm, and the “turn‐on” behavior can be attributed to the advance of Förster resonance energy transfer‐assisted intersystem crossing (ISC) process while “turn‐off” process due to the transformation from H3‐TPB cations to H3‐TPB· radicals. Complex 2 exhibits photoswitchable RTP accompanied with reversible photochromism by leveraging the self‐absorption and RTP emission. Two demos based on the above compounds are further applied to demonstrate the application in information recording and encryption fields. This work supplies a strategy toward the design of switchable RTP systems using electron transfer photochromism, shedding light on broadening the frontiers of photoresponsive materials.
This study for the first time exhibits the bidirectional on/off room temperature phosphorescence regulation via on‐switch with excitation of 250−330 nm and off‐switch with 350−380 nm light irradiation in an electron transfer photochromic complex, and two demos are further applied to demonstrate the application of the compounds in information recording and encryption fields.
The interplay of interactions, symmetries, and gauge fields usually leads to intriguing quantum many-body phases. To explore the nature of emerging phases, we study a quantum Rabi triangle system as ...an elementary building block for synthesizing an artificial magnetic field. We develop an analytical approach to study the rich phase diagram and the associated quantum criticality. Of particular interest is the emergence of a chiral-coherent phase, which breaks both the Z2 and the chiral symmetry. In this chiral phase, photons flow unidirectionally and the chirality can be tuned by the artificial gauge field, exhibiting a signature of broken time-reversal symmetry. The finite-frequency scaling analysis further confirms the associated phase transition to be in the universality class of the Dicke model. This model can simulate a broad range of physical phenomena of light-matter coupling systems, and may have an application in future developments of various quantum information technologies.
Intercellular communication between tumor cells and immune cells regulates tumor progression including positive communication with immune activation and negative communication with immune escape. An ...increasing number of methods are employed to suppress the dominant negative communication in tumors such as PD‐L1/PD‐1. However, how to effectively improve positive communication is still a challenge. In this study, a nuclear‐targeted photodynamic nanostrategy is developed to establish positive spatiotemporal communication, further activating dual antitumor immunity, namely innate and adaptative immunity. The mSiO2‐Ion@Ce6‐NLS nanoparticles (NPs) are designed, whose surface is modified by ionic liquid silicon (Ion) and nuclear localization signal peptide (NLS: PKKKRKV), and their pores are loaded with the photosensitizer hydrogen chloride e6 (Ce6). Ion‐modified NPs enhance intratumoral enrichment, and NLS‐modified NPs exhibit nuclear‐targeted characteristics to achieve nuclear‐targeted photodynamic therapy (nPDT). mSiO2‐Ion@Ce6‐NLS with nPDT facilitate the release of damaged double‐stranded DNA from tumor cells to activate macrophages via stimulator of interferon gene signaling and induce the immunogenic cell death of tumor cells to activate dendritic cells via “eat me” signals, ultimately leading to the recruitment of CD8+ T‐cells. This therapy effectively strengthens positive communication to reshape the dual antitumor immune microenvironment, further inducing long‐term immune memory, and eventually inhibiting tumor growth and recurrence.
mSiO2 nanoparticles are modified with ion liquid and nuclear‐targeting peptide, enabling efficient tumor enrichment and nuclear targeting. Nuclear‐targeting photodynamic therapy initiates positive communication among tumor cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, ultimately leading to the recruitment of CD8+ T cells. This strategy reshapes the dual antitumor immune and eventually inhibits tumor growth and recurrence.
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