•Turmeric essential oil (EO) exhibited antifungal activity both in vitro and in vivo.•Turmeric EO could suppress mycelial growth and spore germination in vitro.•Turmeric EO could disrupt fungal ...plasma membrane and mitochondrial functions.•Turmeric EO could down-regulate aflatoxin gene expression.•Turmeric EO could inhibit fungal contamination in maize in practice.
The antifungal activity and potential mechanisms in vitro as well as anti-aflatoxigenic efficiency in vivo of natural essential oil (EO) derived from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) against Aspergillus flavus was intensively investigated. Based on the previous chemical characterization of turmeric EO by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, the substantially antifungal activities of turmeric EO on the mycelial growth, spore germination and aflatoxin production were observed in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, these antifungal effects were related to the disruption of fungal cell endomembrane system including the plasma membrane and mitochondria, specifically i.e. the inhibition of ergosterol synthesis, mitochondrial ATPase, malate dehydrogenase, and succinate dehydrogenase activities. Moreover, the down-regulation profiles of turmeric EO on the relative expression of mycotoxin genes in aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway revealed its anti-aflatoxigenic mechanism. Finally, the suppression effect of fungal contamination in maize indicated that turmeric EO has potential as an eco-friendly antifungal agent.
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has gained great attention as a material of promise for artificial photosynthesis. In place of synthesis of traditional three-dimensional g-C3N4 via polymerization ...of melamine or melem, recent studies seek to establish an alternative synthetic approach for two-dimensional g-C3N4 using a smaller precursor such as urea. However, the effectiveness of such a synthetic approach and resultant polymeric forms of g-C3N4 in this approach are still largely unknown. In this study, we present that solid-state NMR (SSNMR) analysis for 13C- and 15N-labeled g-C3N4 prepared from urea offers an unparalleled structural view for the heterogeneous in-plane structure of g-C3N4 and most likely for its moieties. We revealed that urea was successfully assembled in melem oligomers, which include extended oligomers involving six or more melem subunits. SSNMR, transmission electron micrograph, and ab initio calculation data suggested that the melem oligomer units were further extended into graphene-like layered materials via widespread NH–N hydrogen bonds between oligomers.
In this paper, we are concerned with the following nonlocal double phase problems with a gradient term:
L
u
(
x
)
=
f
(
x
,
u
,
∇
u
)
,
where
L
is a nonlocal double phase operator. We first establish ...various maximum principles for nonlocal double phase operators in bounded or unbounded domains. Together these maximum principles with the direct method of moving planes and direct sliding methods, we further derive qualitative properties of solutions such as Liouville type theorem, monotonicity, symmetry and uniqueness results for solutions to the nonlocal double phase problems in bounded domains, unbounded domains, epigraph, and
R
n
respectively. We believe that the new ideas and methods employed here can be conveniently applied to study a variety of nonlinear elliptic problems involving other nonlocal operators.
We consider the following prescribed curvature problem involving polyharmonic operators on
S
N
D
m
u
~
=
K
~
(
y
)
u
~
m
∗
-
1
,
u
~
>
0
in
S
N
,
u
~
∈
H
m
(
S
N
)
,
where
K
~
(
y
)
>
0
is a radial ...function,
m
∗
=
2
N
N
-
2
m
,
m
≥
1
is an integer and
D
m
is 2
m
-order differential operator given by
D
m
=
∏
i
=
1
m
(
-
Δ
g
+
1
4
(
N
-
2
i
)
(
N
+
2
i
-
2
)
)
.
Here
Δ
g
is the Laplace-Beltrami operator on
S
N
, and
S
N
is the unit sphere with Riemann metric
g
. We are concerned with the solutions which are invariant under some non-trivial sub-group of
O
(
3
)
to the above problem. We first prove a non-degeneracy result for this kind of
O
(
3
)
invariant solutions. As an application, we consider an eigenvalue problem, we investigate the properties of the eigenvalues and obtain the Morse index estimate of the
O
(
3
)
invariant solutions. Our proof is based on the local Pohozaev identities, blow-up analysis, and the properties of the Green function.
We consider the following higher-order prescribed curvature problem on
S
N
:
D
m
u
~
=
K
~
(
y
)
u
~
m
∗
-
1
on
S
N
,
u
~
>
0
in
S
N
.
where
K
~
(
y
)
>
0
is a radial function,
m
∗
=
2
N
N
-
2
m
, ...and
D
m
is the 2
m
-order differential operator given by
D
m
=
∏
i
=
1
m
-
Δ
g
+
1
4
(
N
-
2
i
)
(
N
+
2
i
-
2
)
,
where
g
=
g
S
N
is the Riemannian metric. We prove the existence of infinitely many double-tower type solutions, which are invariant under some non-trivial sub-groups of
O
(3), and their energy can be made arbitrarily large.
We consider the following fractional Hénon type equation with critical growth:
0.1
(
-
Δ
)
s
u
=
K
(
|
y
|
)
u
N
+
2
s
N
-
2
s
,
u
>
0
,
y
∈
B
1
(
0
)
,
u
=
0
,
y
∈
B
1
c
(
0
)
,
where
K
(|
y
|) is a ...bounded function defined in 0, 1,
B
1
(
0
)
is the unit ball in
R
N
,
N
≥
3
for
3
4
≤
s
<
1
and
3
≤
N
<
2
s
-
1
+
2
3
-
4
s
for
11
-
41
8
<
s
<
3
4
. We show that if
K
(
1
)
>
0
and
K
′
(
1
)
>
0
, then equation (0.1) has infinitely many non-radial positive solutions, whose energy can be made arbitrarily large. The most ingredients of the paper are using the Green representation and estimating the Green function and its regular part very carefully. For this purposes, some more extra ideas and techniques are needed. We believe that our method and techniques can be applied to other related problems.
We consider the following polyharmonic equation with critical exponent
(
-
Δ
)
m
u
=
K
(
|
y
|
)
u
m
∗
-
1
,
u
>
0
in
B
1
(
0
)
,
u
∈
D
0
m
,
2
(
B
1
(
0
)
)
,
where
m
>
0
is a integer,
m
∗
=
:
2
N
N
...-
2
m
,
B
1
(
0
)
is the unit ball in
R
N
,
N
≥
2
m
+
4
,
K
:
0
,
1
→
R
N
is a bounded function,
K
′
(
1
)
>
0
and
K
′
′
(
1
)
exists. We prove a non-degeneracy result of the non-radial solutions constructed in Guo and Li (Calc Var PDEs 46(3–4):809–836, 2013) via the local Pohozaev identities for
N
≥
2
m
+
4
. Then we apply the non-degeneracy result to obtain new existence of non-radial solutions for
N
≥
6
m
.
Due to theintricate and interdependent nature of the smart grid, it has encountered an increasing number of security threats in recent years. Currently, conventional security measures such as ...firewalls, intrusion detection, and malicious detection technologies offer specific protection based on their unique perspectives. However, as the types and concealment of attacksincrease, these measures struggle to detect them promptly and respond accordingly. In order to meet the social demand for the accuracy and computation speed of the power network security risk evaluation model, the study develops a fusion power network security risk evaluation algorithm by fusing the flash search algorithm with the support vector machine. This algorithm is then used as the foundation for building an improved power network security risk evaluation model based on the fusion algorithm.The study's improved algorithm's accuracy is 96.2%, which is higher than the accuracy of the other comparative algorithms; its error rate is 3.8%, which is lower than the error rate of the other comparative algorithms; and its loss function curve convergence is quicker than that of the other algorithms.The risk evaluation model's accuracy is 97.8%, which is higher than the accuracy of other comparative models; the error rate is 1.9%, which is lower than the error rate of other comparative models; the computing time of the improved power network security risk evaluation model is 4.4 s, which is lower than the computing time of other comparative models; and its expert score is high. These findings are supported by empirical analysis of the improved power network security risk evaluation model proposed in the study. According to the study's findings, the fusion algorithm and the upgraded power network security risk evaluation model outperform other approaches in terms of accuracy and processing speed. This allows the study's maintenance staff to better meet the needs of the community by assisting them in identifying potential security hazards early on and taking the necessary preventative and remedial action to ensure the power system's continued safe operation.
In this article, we consider the following elliptic system of Hamiltonian-type on a bounded domain:
where
and
are positive bounded functions defined in
,
is the unit ball in
, and
is a pair of ...positive numbers lying on the critical hyperbola
Under some suitable further assumptions on the functions
and
, we prove the existence of infinitely many nonradial positive solutions whose energy can be made arbitrarily large. Our proof is based on the reduction method. The most ingredients of the article are using the Green representation and estimating the Green function and its regular part very carefully. For this purpose, some more extra ideas and techniques are needed. We believe that our method and techniques can be applied to other related problems.
We consider the following Hénon equation with critical growth:
-
Δ
u
=
K
(
|
y
|
)
u
N
+
2
N
-
2
,
u
>
0
,
in
B
1
(
0
)
u
=
0
,
on
∂
B
1
(
0
)
,
where
B
1
(
0
)
is the unit ball in
R
N
,
K
:
0
,
1
...→
R
+
is a bounded function and
K
′
′
(
1
)
exists. We prove a non-degeneracy result of the bubble solutions constructed in
24
via the local Pohozaev identities for
N
≥
5
. Then, as applications, by using reduction arguments combined with delicate estimates for the modified Green function and the error, we prove the new existence of infinitely many non-radial solutions, whose energy can be arbitrarily large.
