Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and activin A are both overexpressed in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We evaluated their clinical correlation and activin A-mediated EGFR ...regulation in this study. Overexpression of both transcripts/proteins indicated a poorer prognosis in OSCC patients. Knockdown of endogenous INHBA repressed the expression of EGFR and inhibited activin A-mediated canonical Smads, noncanonical phosphorylation of AKT (ser473) (p-AKT ser473) and SP1. Inhibition of PI3K signaling via its inhibitor attenuated p-AKT ser473 and in turn reduced SP1 and EGFR expression in the presence of recombinant activin A (rActivin A) in OSCC cells, as revealed via a luciferase assay and western blotting. However, canonical Smad signaling repressed the EGFR promoter, as revealed by a luciferase assay. The transcription factor SP1, its coactivator CBP/p300, and Smad proteins were recruited to the EGFR proximal promoter following rActivin A treatment, as revealed by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Smad2/3/4 dramatically outcompeted SP1 binding to the EGFR proximal promoter following mithramycin A treatment. Activin A activates the PI3K and Smad pathways to compete for binding to overlapping SP1 consensus sequences on the EGFR proximal promoter. Nevertheless, canonical p-Smad2 was largely repressed in OSCC tumor tissues, suggesting that the activin A-mediated noncanonical pathway is essential for the carcinogenesis of OSCC.
This study evaluated the associations between lymphatic and vascular invasion of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and clinicopathological manifestations, as well as their impact on patient ...outcomes after treatment.In total, 571 patients with primary OSCC who underwent surgery with or without adjuvant therapy were enrolled.Lymphatic and vascular invasion were found in 28 (5%) and 16 (3%) patients, respectively. Significant associations were found between lymphatic and vascular invasion and overall stage (P < 0.001 and P = 0.020, respectively), tumor stage (P = 0.009 and P = 0.025, respectively), nodal metastasis (both P < 0.001), extracapsular spread (both P < 0.001), perineural invasion (both P < 0.001), bone invasion (P = 0.004 and P = 0.001, respectively), depth of invasion (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively), and pathologic differentiation (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001, respectively). In the analysis of adverse events during follow-up, neither lymphatic nor vascular invasion was statistically associated with local recurrence, neck recurrence, and distant metastasis. Although lymphatic invasion exhibited significant associations with poorer overall survival (P < 0.001), disease-specific survival (P < 0.001), and disease-free survival (P = 0.01), it was not demonstrated to be an independent prognostic factor in all multivariate analyses.Although both lymphatic and vascular invasion are associated with many clinicopathological manifestations, neither affects the occurrence of locoregional recurrence and distant metastasis in patients with OSCC after treatment.
Background
The purpose of this study was to elucidate the clinicopathological associations and molecular mechanisms of karyopherin alpha 2 (KPNA2) in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) ...progression.
Methods
The KPNA2 expressions were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in 209 tissues and 181 saliva samples, respectively. The functions of KPNA2 in migration and invasion were examined in KPNA2‐knowdown cells. The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) levels were determined by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The subcellular fraction was used to obtain the nuclear distribution of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB).
Results
The KPNA2 overexpression was associated with extranodal extension (P < .05) and poor disease‐specific survival in patients with oral cavity SCC (P < .05). The salivary KPNA2 levels were elevated in patients with oral cavity SCC (P < .05). The KPNA2 knockdown reduced cell migration and invasion. This knockdown also suppressed the interleukin (IL)‐1β‐induced nuclear import of NF‐κB and MMP (MMP‐1, MMP‐3, and MMP‐9) transcription.
Conclusion
The KPNA2 overexpression is an independent biomarker for poor prognosis of oral cavity SCC and is required for MMP‐mediated metastasis.
Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy (NLD) won another landslide victory in the 2020 general election. Although there was widespread dissatisfaction with the government's poor management ...of the economy and ethnic conflicts, as well as with the pre-electoral coordination of ethnic parties in several states, opposition and ethnic-based parties had failed to gain more seats. Previous explanations had focused on the economy, electoral system bias, weak party institutionalization, and vote splitting among ethnic parties; however, they underestimated the significance of two contextual factors: military dominance of politics and ethnic conflict. This article argues that military dominance hindered normal political development in Myanmar. The anti-military sentiment favored the NLD, which made most Bamar voters disregard the party's poor economic performance. Despite the electoral system's bias, prolonged ethnic conflicts made ethnic parties that had fought for their community's causes more likely to maintain support. These arguments are verified by survey and electoral data sets. The military nullified the 2020 election claiming that electoral fraud was to blame, but the findings indicate that it was the political environment the military created that led to the victory of the NLD and some ethnic parties in the first place.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background The administration of postoperative radiotherapy remains controversial in pN1 oral cavity cancer patients without extranodal extension. The aim is to determine whether postoperative ...radiotherapy reduces the neck recurrence rate and improves the survival outcomes of pN1 patients. Methods This study consecutively enrolled 1056 patients with newly diagnosed oral squamous cell carcinoma who underwent tumor wide excision and neck dissection from September 2002 to November 2019. One hundred two pN1 patients without extranodal extension were eligible for analysis. Then, a subgroup analysis of 40 patients was performed after patients with other adverse risk factors (positive margins, close margins, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, tumor depth greater than or equai to 10 mm, and poor histological differentiation) were excluded. Results Of the 102 eligible pN1 patients, 26 patients received surgery alone, and 76 received postoperative radiotherapy. No significant differences were observed in the neck recurrence rate (7.7% vs. 15.8%, p = 0.30). Similarly, in patients without other adverse risk factors, no significant differences were observed in the neck recurrence rate (5% vs. 20%, p = 0.15) between surgery alone group and postoperative radiotherapy group. Moreover, no significant difference was found in the neck recurrence-free survival rate, overall survival, and disease-specific survival (77.1% vs. 52.5%, p = 0.42, 83.5% vs. 64.5%, p = 0.81, and 88.2% vs. 67.9%, p = 0.34, respectively). Conclusion Postoperative radiotherapy did not significantly decrease the probability of neck recurrence and survival outcomes in pN1 patients without extranodal extension. Radical surgery alone may be considered sufficient treatment for pN1 patients without other adverse risk factors. Keywords: N1, Oral cancer, Radiotherapy, Extranodal extension
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► The mesoporous SBA-15 materials are effective adsorbents for cationic dyes removal from aqueous solutions. ► The SBA-15 exhibits the ability of selective adsorption for cationic ...molecules, which is due to the electrochemical interaction between cationic molecules and the negative charges on the SBA-15 surfaces. ► The adsorption isotherms can be well fitted with Langmuir and Freundlich models. ► The adsorption kinetics follows the pseudo-second-order model. ► Thermodynamics calculations indicate that the adsorption of cationic molecules on SBA-15 is an exothermic and spontaneous reaction.
Highly-ordered mesoporous SBA-15 molecular sieves were successfully synthesized through direct-synthesis using non-ionic surfactants as structure directing agent under strong acidic conditions. The textual and structural properties of the prepared materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), nitrogen physisorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In terms of adsorption properties, the performance was examined by adsorption of dyes on prepared materials. It was observed that SBA-15 exhibited an excellent adsorptive capability of cationic molecules but almost no adsorption to anionic and neutral molecules. The isotherm models, kinetic models, and thermodynamic properties were analyzed to describe the adsorption behavior of prepared materials. Langmuir model, Freundlich model, and pseudo-second-order kinetics were well-fitted in the simulation of the adsorption behavior of dyes on prepared materials. The synthesized mesoporous SBA-15 materials were found to be effective adsorbents for MB and JGB from aqueous solutions.
The DPP's victory over the KMT in Taiwan's 2020 elections has been interpreted as a triumph for anti-China sentiment. However, the rise of political outsiders and their influence on voting behavior ...in this election were overlooked and underestimated. In this article, we examined different sources of data and found that supporters of these political outsiders mentioned sovereignty and cross-Strait issues less than the incumbent Tsai Ing-wen. However, when faced with the choice between Tsai and challenger Han Kuo-yu, voters who were concerned about governance chose Tsai, contributing to her winning a record number of votes. This article suggests that economic and governance issues had a considerable role in the election's result and will probably be the main focus of the 2024 presidential election. With the potential for a conflict in the Taiwan Strait increasing, anti-China sentiment is unlikely to be the deciding factor this time around.
Objectives
The aim of this meta‐analysis is to evaluate the potential benefits of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in patients with pN1 oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.
Methods
A literature ...search through major databases was conducted until January 2023. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) or risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of different survival outcomes were extracted and pooled.
Results
Ten studies published between 2005 and 2022, with a pooled patient population of 2888, were included in this meta‐analysis. Due to differences in study design and reported outcomes, the studies were categorized into distinct groups. In pN1 patients without extranodal extension (ENE), PORT was associated with a significant improvement in overall survival (OS) (aHR 0.76, 95% CI: 0.61–0.94). In pN1 patients without ENE and positive margins, PORT improved OS (aHR 0.71, 95% CI: 0.56–0.89) and was associated with a lower regional recurrence rate (RR 0.35, 95% CI: 0.15–0.83). However, in pN1 patients without ENE, positive margins, perineural invasion, and lymphovascular invasion, there were no significant differences observed between the PORT and observation groups in either 5‐year OS (RR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.07–3.41) or 5‐year disease‐free survival (RR 0.37, 95% CI: 0.07–2.06).
Conclusions
The current study demonstrated that PORT has the potential to improve OS in pN1 disease. However, the decision of whether to administer PORT still hinges on diverse clinical scenarios, and additional research is necessary to furnish a more conclusive resolution.
Level of Evidence
2.
This meta‐analysis is the first to examine the role of PORT in pN1 OSCC patients. PORT improved survival in the patients only without ENE and positive margins. The benefit of PORT remains inconclusive in those studies excluding intermediate risk factors.
This is the first study to investigate the impact of a second fibula flap or a soft tissue flap combined with bridging plate for a repeated segmental mandibulectomy reconstruction on flap outcomes in ...head and neck cancer patients. A retrospective comparative analysis (2007-2016) of 61 patients who underwent a second segmental mandibulectomy was performed. 20 patients underwent a fibula flap reconstruction whereas 41 had a soft tissue flap and plate reconstruction. No significant difference was seen in the operative time, total hospital stay, flap loss, re-exploration rates, plate exposure rate, or recipient site infection rate. On multivariate analysis, patients reconstructed with a soft tissue flap and bridging plate (odds ratio (OR) 3.997; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.046-15.280, p = 0.043) and complications developed in previous surgery (OR 4.792; 95% CI, 1.120-20.493, p = 0.035) were shown to be independent predictors of a prolonged nasogastric tube dependence. The utilization of a soft tissue flap with plate is associated with comparative results of acute complication rate within 1 week, recipient site infection rate, and plate exposure rate to free fibula flaps alone. Free fibula flaps may result in a decreased risk for prolonged tube dependence compared to free soft tissue flap reconstructions.
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