Overweight employees are viewed as lazy, slow, inactive, and even incapable. Even if such attributes are false, this perspective can seriously undermine others' evaluation of their work performance. ...The current study explores a broader phenomenon of weight bias that has an effect on weight change. In a longitudinal study with a time lag of 6 months, we surveyed 226 supervisor-employee dyads. We found supervisor perceptions of employee weight change notably altered their evaluation of the employee performance from Time 1, especially following low vs. high Time-1 performance evaluation. Meanwhile, the moderating effects among different levels of supervisor anti-fat bias functioned as boundary conditions for such performance evaluation alteration. In particular, the interaction between the Time-1 performance evaluation and the impact of supervisor perception of employee weight change on the Time-2 performance evaluation was significant only if supervisors held a stronger anti-fat bias.
City identity can be defined as the soul of a city and it plays an important role in increasing urban competitiveness (Gao, 2010). Recently, urban distinct features including historic heritages have ...been badly damaged in the rapid process of urbanization and economic growth, generating a crisis of city identity loss in urban planning, especially in small/medium cities where many have become similar in recent decades. The issue of a crisis in city identity has become established globally. With recognition of identity value, and the rising of people’s physical, as well as, psychological living demands in seeking a sense of belonging, extensive attention has been given to protection of city characteristics and identity recovery by both policy makers and urban designers (Li and Wang, 2006).Particularly, in China, rapid urbanization as a result of economic growth has led to city identity becoming reduced (Li, 2005). Homogenization and standardization in urban planning is very common and prominent in small/medium size cities in China. Many cities face a crisis where historic character and original identity is disappearing gradually and inevitably (Akkar Ercan, 2016).The principle aim of this paper is to discuss what is urban identity crisis and to explore it causes. In targeting this proposal, the following 2 questions and issues may need to be taken into consideration: 1. What is the definition and composition of the City identity? 2. What is the city identity crisis, including its causes and consequences? This requires systematic research on both literature review and world-wide case studies to explore the the city identity crisis and this may provide comprehensive, instructive, and operational design guide for shaping a ‘visible’ city’s identity, enhancing its uniqueness and further contributing to the solution for city identity crisis in China.
•Training improved school-aged children’s advanced theory of mind and prosocial lie-telling;•The training effects faded away at the six-month follow-up test;•Evidence supports the causal role of ...advanced theory of mind in prosocial lie-telling.
Children’s advanced theory of mind (AToM) is concurrently associated with their prosocial lie-telling. However, the causal link between AToM and prosocial lie-telling has not yet been demonstrated. To address this gap, the current study adopted a training paradigm and investigated the role of AToM in children’s prosocial lie-telling in middle childhood. A total of 66 9- and 10-year-old children who did not demonstrate any prosocial lie-telling in a disappointment gift paradigm at the baseline were recruited and randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n = 32) or an active control group (n = 34). The experimental group underwent a conversation-based training program of four sessions. The results showed significantly greater gains in AToM at the posttest for the experimental group children compared with the control group children, controlling for family socioeconomic status, children’s literacy score, working memory, and inhibition. More important, the experimental group children were more likely to tell prosocial lies than the control group, even after controlling for the pretest AToM and other covariates. However, the training effects faded at the 6-month follow-up test after the training’s completion. These findings provide the first evidence for the causal role of AToM in the development of prosocial lie-telling in middle childhood. The fade-out effect is discussed in the context of educational interventions.
Moral identity, a construct that captures how individuals view themselves relative to moral attributes, has received widespread attention in the organizational sciences. This article builds on the ...existing moral identity literature by examining the mechanisms and boundary conditions of leader moral identity's impact on the punishment of misconduct. Drawing on multiple literatures, we specifically argue that leader moral identity is positively related to the punishment of misconduct under the condition of higher cognitive load. Furthermore, we identify moral anger as a key mechanism. The theorized model was tested across three studies: a study of civil judges' court rulings (Study 1), a study of managers' tendencies to punish their employees' misconduct (Study 2), and an experiment that manipulated cognitive load while testing the intermediary role of moral anger (Study 3). Results offered convergent support for our model, shedding new light on the impact of moral identity on leaders in the workplace. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Future work self salience (FWSS) refers to a clear and accessible image of possible self-concerning future work that encapsulates individual hopes and aspirations. FWSS guides employees' work and ...careers and leads to many favorable work consequences, such as work engagement, organizational socialization, and job performance. However, little is known about its antecedents. This research explores how leaders can be leveraged to shape follower FWSS and suggests that follower FWSS is cultivated by future-oriented leaders who communicate visions. Moreover, leader self-integrity is identified as an important boundary condition. The results of a multi-wave, multi-source survey featuring leader-follower dyads indicate that leader future orientation facilitates leader vision communication, which in turn, enhances follower FWSS. In addition, this indirect effect is contingent upon a first-stage moderator, leader self-integrity, such that the indirect effect is more salient when leaders have higher self-integrity. Implications for theory, practice, and future research are addressed.
•Leaders play a vital role in shaping follower future work self salience (FWSS).•Future-oriented leaders cultivate follower FWSS by communicating visions.•Leader self-integrity strengthens this positive influence.
Overweight employees are viewed as lazy, slow, inactive, and even incapable. Even if such attributes are false, this perspective can seriously undermine others' evaluation of their work performance. ...The current study explores a broader phenomenon of weight bias that has an effect on weight change. In a longitudinal study with a time lag of 6 months, we surveyed 226 supervisor-employee dyads. We found supervisor perceptions of employee weight change notably altered their evaluation of the employee performance from Time 1, especially following low vs. high Time-1 performance evaluation. Meanwhile, the moderating effects among different levels of supervisor anti-fat bias functioned as boundary conditions for such performance evaluation alteration. In particular, the interaction between the Time-1 performance evaluation and the impact of supervisor perception of employee weight change on the Time-2 performance evaluation was significant only if supervisors held a stronger anti-fat bias.
Clinically, breast cancer is generally classified into estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) or estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) subtypes. The phytoestrogen calycosin has been shown to inhibit the ...proliferation of ER+ cells, which may be mediated by a feedback loop that involves miR-375, RAS dexamethasone-induced 1 (RASD1), and ERα. However, how calycosin acts on ER- breast cancer cells remains unclear.
Here, we show that calycosin inhibited the proliferation of both ER- (MDA-MB-468 and SKBR3) and ER+ breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and T47D) and that these inhibitory effects were associated with the up-regulation of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) WDR7-7. For the first time, we demonstrate that the expression of WDR7-7 is reduced in breast cancer cell lines and that the overexpression of WDR7-7 inhibits growth through a mechanism that involves G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 30 (GPR30). Meanwhile, we show that calycosin stimulated the WDR7-7-GPR30 signaling pathway in MCF-7, T47D, MDA-MB-468, and SKBR3 breast cancer cells. In contrast, in MCF10A and GPR30-deficient MDA-MB-231 cells, due to a lack of WDR7-7-GPR30 for activation, calycosin failed to inhibit cell growth. Additionally, in all four GPR30-positive breast cancer lines, calycosin decreased the phosphorylation levels of SRC, EGFR, ERK1/2 and Akt, but the inhibition of WDR7-7 blocked these changes and increased proliferation. In mice bearing MCF-7 or SKBR3 xenografts, tumor growth was inhibited by calycosin, and changes in expression the levels of WDR7-7 and GPR30 in tumor tissues were similar to those in cultured MCF-7 and SKBR3 cells.
These results suggest the possibility that calycosin inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer cells, at least partially, through WDR7-7-GPR30 signaling, which may explain why calycosin can exert inhibitory effects on ER- breast cancer.
This paper proposes a novel short-term wind power forecasting approach by mining the bad data of numerical weather prediction (NWP). Today's short-term wind power forecast (WPF) highly depends on the ...NWP, which contributes the most in the WPF error. This paper first introduces a bad data analyzer to fully study the relationship between the WPF error with several new extracted features from the raw NWP. Second, a hierarchical structure is proposed, which is composed of a K-means clustering-based bad data detection module and a neural network (NN)-based forecasting module. In the NN module, the WPF is fully adjusted based on the output of the bad data analyzer. Simulations are performed comparing with two other different methods. It proves that the proposed approach can improve the short-term wind power forecasting by effectively identifying and adjusting the errors from NWP.
Abstract
Background
Previous studies of pulpal blood flow (PBF) changes in anterior teeth have been limited in the early phase of orthodontic treatment; less is known about the blood supply of ...anterior teeth in bimaxillary protrusion patients after orthodontic retraction.
Methods
Fifty bimaxillary protrusion patients (25 orthodontic patients ready for debonding and 25 non-orthodontic patients) were selected as study participants. The PBF of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth were measured using laser Doppler flowmetry. For orthodontic patients, the PBF was measured at 1 day (T1), 1 month (T2), and 3 months (T3) after fixed appliance removal. Non-orthodontic patient PBF was measured as a control. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) examinations before and after orthodontic treatment were performed for orthodontic patients to measure the root resorption. The anterior teeth in orthodontic group were further divided into subgroups according to root resorption and patient age.
Results
At T1 and T3, PBF changes did not differ significantly between the orthodontic and non-orthodontic groups. Maxillary lateral incisor, maxillary central incisor, and mandibular lateral incisor PBFs at T2 were significantly higher in the orthodontic group (
P
= 0.048,
P
= 0.04, and
P
= 0.021). No significant difference in PBF was found between the root resorption and non-resorption subgroups at any time point. Adolescent patients showed a higher PBF in the maxillary lateral incisor at T2 (12.23 ± 3.48) relative to that at T1 (9.10 ± 3.76) and T3 (9.81 ± 2.80) with statistically significant difference (
P
= 0.020).
Conclusion
For bimaxillary protrusion patients with four premolars extraction, PBF in the maxillary anterior teeth increased transiently after orthodontic appliance removal and then returned to non-orthodontic levels 3 months later. This effect was more pronounced in adolescents. The PBF of anterior teeth after orthodontic retraction may not be influenced by root resorption.
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