Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells (ASCs) known for repairing damaged cells, exerting anti-inflammatory responses and producing immunoregulatory effects that can be significantly ...induced into insulin-producing cells (IPCs), providing an inexhaustible supply of functional β cells for cell replacement therapy and disease modeling for diabetes. MSC therapy may be the most promising strategy for diabetes mellitus because of these significant merits. In this paper, we focused on MSC therapy for diabetes.
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conditions were as follows: denaturation for 2 min at 95°C, 32 cycles of denaturation for 30 s at 94°C, annealing for 30 s at 60°C, extension for 30 s at 72°C, and ...a final extension for 5 min at 72°C. Continuous variables are expressed as mean (standard deviation), and an independent sample t-test was used for analysis. 9–11 In our previous study, we found that administering pioglitazone-metformin tablets for 12 weeks significantly reduced fasting insulin, blood glucose, luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone levels, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR) in PCOS patients. ...the effect of the LPIN1 rs10192566 polymorphism on the testosterone-lowering effect of pioglitazone-metformin tablets was higher in incident users with the OCT1 rs683369 CG/GG genotype than in incident users with the CC genotype. Effects of metformin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome treated with gonadotrophins for in vitro fertilisation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
In recent years, cell therapy has emerged as a new research direction in the treatment of diabetes. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation ...necessary to form such treatment have not been clarified.
In this study, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUC-MSCs) isolated from newborns were progressively induced into insulin-producing cells (IPCs) using small molecules. HUC-MSC (S0) and four induced stage (S1-S4) samples were prepared. We then performed transcriptome sequencing experiments to obtain the dynamic expression profiles of both mRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs).
We found that the number of differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs trended downwards during differentiation. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that the target genes of differentially expressed lncRNAs were associated with translation, cell adhesion, and cell connection. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that the NF-KB signalling pathway, MAPK signalling pathway, HIPPO signalling pathway, PI3K-Akt signalling pathway, and p53 signalling pathway were enriched in these differentially expressed lncRNA-targeting genes. We also found that the coexpression of the lncRNA CTBP1-AS2 with PROX1 and the lncRNAs AC009014.3 and GS1-72M22.1 with JARID2 mRNA was related to the development of pancreatic beta cells. Moreover, the coexpression of the lncRNAs: XLOC_ 050969, LINC00883, XLOC_050981, XLOC_050925, MAP3K14- AS1, RP11-148K1.12, and CTD2020K17.3 with p53, regulated insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells.
In this study, HUC-MSCs combined with small molecule compounds were successfully induced into IPCs. Differentially expressed lncRNAs may regulate the insulin secretion of pancreatic beta cells by regulating multiple signalling pathways. The lncRNAs AC009014.3, Gs1-72m21.1, and CTBP1-AS2 may be involved in the development of pancreatic beta cells, and the lncRNAs: XLOC_050969, LINC00883, XLOC_050981, XLOC_050925, MAP3K14-AS1, RP11-148K1.12, and CTD2020K17.3 may be involved in regulating the insulin secretion of pancreatic beta cells, thus providing a lncRNA catalogue for future research regarding the mechanism of the transdifferentiation of HUC-MSCs into IPCs. It also provides a new theoretical basis for the transplantation of insulin-producing cells into diabetic patients in the future.
•Ni(OH)2 3D nanosheet-coated marigold-like ZnO (mg-ZnO@Ni(OH)2 NSs) is prepared.•A novel nonenzymatic glucose sensor based on mg-ZnO@Ni(OH)2 NSs is fabricated.•The synergistic effect between mg-ZnO ...and Ni(OH)2 NSs enhances the catalytic activity.•The fabricated sensor shows good performance for glucose monitoring in human serum.
Precise control over the structure and morphology of nano/microarchitectures is the topic of immense interest to tune their physical features and chemical aspects for desired applications. In this work, a novel and effective Ni(OH)2 three-dimensional nanosheet-coated marigold-like ZnO microflower (mg-ZnO@Ni(OH)2 NSs) hybrid is designed for the nonenzymatic electrochemical determination of glucose. The morphological evolution of mg-ZnO and mg-ZnO@Ni(OH)2 NSs was achieved by a one-pot solvothermal strategy through control over the reaction conditions without any assistance of an external shape-controlling surfactant. Furthermore, the as-fabricated mg-ZnO and mg-ZnO@Ni(OH)2 NSs were systematically evaluated by different spectroscopic, microscopic and electrochemical characterization tools. The results indicate that highly exposed homogeneous nanocorners of mg-ZnO and the synergetic effect of Ni(OH)2 coating, collectively improve the electrocatalytic efficiency of the designed catalyst. The mg-ZnO@Ni(OH)2 NS-based sensing electrode exhibits excellent amperometric performance for glucose monitoring, comprising satisfactory sensitivity (259.78 and 62.82 μA mM−1 cm−2), wide linear range (0.084–0.941 mM and 0.941–6.50 mM), low limit of detection (0.06 µM, S/N = 3), good stability and high detection selectivity. Moreover, the designed sensor is promising for the potential application in the real-time glucose detection of human serum samples.
Display omitted
Gene silencing is a negative feedback mechanism that regulates gene expression to define cell fate and also regulates metabolism and gene expression throughout the life of an organism. In plants, ...gene silencing occurs
via
transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) and post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). TGS obscures transcription
via
the methylation of 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR), whereas PTGS causes the methylation of a coding region to result in transcript degradation. In this review, we summarized the history and molecular mechanisms of gene silencing and underlined its specific role in plant growth and crop production.
An increase in temperature and extreme heat stress is responsible for the global reduction in maize yield. Heat stress affects the integrity of the plasma membrane functioning of mitochondria and ...chloroplast, which further results in the over-accumulation of reactive oxygen species. The activation of a signal cascade subsequently induces the transcription of heat shock proteins. The denaturation and accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins generate cell toxicity, leading to death. Therefore, developing maize cultivars with significant heat tolerance is urgently required. Despite the explored molecular mechanism underlying heat stress response in some plant species, the precise genetic engineering of maize is required to develop high heat-tolerant varieties. Several agronomic management practices, such as soil and nutrient management, plantation rate, timing, crop rotation, and irrigation, are beneficial along with the advanced molecular strategies to counter the elevated heat stress experienced by maize. This review summarizes heat stress sensing, induction of signaling cascade, symptoms, heat stress-related genes, the molecular feature of maize response, and approaches used in developing heat-tolerant maize varieties.
The ATLAS experiment is expected to deliver an unprecedented amount of scientific data in the High Luminosity(HL-LHC) era. As the demand for disk storage capacity in ATLAS continues to rise steadily, ...the BNL Scientific Data and Computing Center (SDCC) faces challenges in terms of cost implications for maintaining multiple disk copies and adapting to the coming ATLAS storage requirements. To address these challenges, the SDCC Storage team has undertaken a thorough analysis of the ATLAS experiment’s requirements, matching them to suitable storage options and strategies, and has explored alternatives to enhance or replace the current storage solution. This paper aims to present the main challenges encountered while supporting big data experiments such as ATLAS. We describe the experiment’s specific requirements and priorities, particularly focusing on the critical storage system characteristics of the high-luminosity run and how the key storage components provided by the Storage team work together: the dCache disk storage system; its archival back-end, HPSS; and its OS-level backend Storage. Specifically, we investigate a novel approach to integrate Lustre and XRootD. In this setup, Lustre serves as backend storage and XRootD acts as an access layer frontend, supporting various grid access protocols. Additionally, we also describe the validation and commissioning tests, including the performance comparison between dCache and XRootd. Furthermore, we provide a performance and cost analysis comparing OpenZFS and LINUX MD RAID, evaluate different storage software stacks, and showcase stress tests conducted to validate Third Party Copy (TPC) functionality.
Abstract
Silicon (Si) and/or proline (Pro) are natural supplements that are considered to induce plants' stress tolerance against various abiotic stresses. Sweet corn (
Zea mays
L. saccharata) ...production is severely afflicted by salinity stress. Therefore, two field tests were conducted to evaluate the potential effects of Si and/or Pro (6mM) used as seed soaking (SS) and/or foliar spray (FS) on Sweet corn plant growth and yield, physio-biochemical attributes, and antioxidant defense systems grown in a saline (EC = 7.14dS m
−1
) soil. The Si and/or Pro significantly increased growth and yield, photosynthetic pigments, free proline, total soluble sugars (TSS), K
+
/Na
+
ratios, relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), α-Tocopherol (α-TOC), Ascorbate (AsA), glutathione (GSH), enzymatic antioxidants activities and other anatomical features as compared to controls. In contrast, electrolytes, such as SS and/or FS under salt stress compared to controls (SS and FS using tap water) were significantly decreased. The best results were obtained when SS was combined with FS via Si or Pro. These alterations are brought about by the exogenous application of Si and/or Pro rendering these elements potentially useful in aiding sweet corn plants to acclimate successfully to saline soil.
Metal tolerance proteins (MTPs) encompass plant membrane divalent cation transporters to specifically participate in heavy metal stress resistance and mineral acquisition. However, the molecular ...behaviors and biological functions of this family in
Medicago truncatula
are scarcely known. A total of 12 potential
MTP
candidate genes in the
M. truncatula
genome were successfully identified and analyzed for a phylogenetic relationship, chromosomal distributions, gene structures, docking analysis, gene ontology, and previous gene expression.
M. truncatula MTPs
(
MtMTPs
) were further classified into three major cation diffusion facilitator (CDFs) groups: Mn-CDFs, Zn-CDFs, and Fe/Zn-CDFs. The structural analysis of
MtMTPs
displayed high gene similarity within the same group where all of them have cation_efflux domain or ZT_dimer.
Cis
-acting element analysis suggested that various abiotic stresses and phytohormones could induce the most
MtMTP
gene transcripts. Among all
MTPs
, PF16916 is the specific domain, whereas GLY, ILE, LEU, MET, ALA, SER, THR, VAL, ASN, and PHE amino acids were predicted to be the binding residues in the ligand-binding site of all these proteins. RNA-seq and gene ontology analysis revealed the significant role of
MTP
genes in the growth and development of
M. truncatula
.
MtMTP
genes displayed differential responses in plant leaves, stems, and roots under five divalent heavy metals (Cd
2+
, Co
2+
, Mn
2+
, Zn
2+
, and Fe
2+
). Ten, seven, and nine
MtMTPs
responded to at least one metal ion treatment in the leaves, stems, and roots, respectively. Additionally,
MtMTP1.1
,
MtMTP1.2
, and
MtMTP4
exhibited the highest expression responses in most heavy metal treatments. Our results presented a standpoint on the evolution of
MTPs
in
M. truncatula
. Overall, our study provides a novel insight into the evolution of the
MTP
gene family in
M. truncatula
and paves the way for additional functional characterization of this gene family.
Objective
This study aimed to develop a diagnostic model of multi-kinematic parameters for patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).
Method
In this cross-sectional study, 94 older ...adults were included (33 cognitively normal, CN; and 61 aMCI). We conducted neuropsychological battery tests, such as global cognition and cognitive domains, and collected gait parameters by an inertial-sensor gait analysis system. Multivariable regression models were used to identify the potential diagnostic variables for aMCI. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were applied to assess the diagnostic accuracy of kinematic parameters in discriminating aMCI from healthy subjects.
Results
Multivariable regression showed that multi-kinematic parameters were the potential diagnostic variables for aMCI. The multi-kinematic parameter model, developed using Timed Up and Go (TUG) time, stride length, toe-off/heel stride angles, one-leg standing (OLS) time, and braking force, showed areas under ROC (AUC), 0.96 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.905–0.857; sensitivity, 0.90; and specificity, 0.91. In contrast, a single kinematic parameter’s sensitivity was 0.26–0.95 and specificity was 0.21–0.90. Notably, the separating capacity of multi-kinematic parameters was highly similar to Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA; AUC: 0.96 vs. 0.95). Compared to cognitive domain tests, the separating ability was comparable to Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) and Boston Naming Test (BNT; AUC: 0.96 vs. 0.97; AUC: 0.96 vs. 0.94).
Conclusion
We developed one diagnostic model of multi-kinematic parameters for patients with aMCI in Foshan.
PDF
