Cybersecurity events occur frequently. When it comes to investigating security threats, it is essential to offer a 100 percent accurate and packet‐level network history, which depends on packet ...capture with high precision packet timestamping. Many packet capture applications are developed based on data plane development kit (DPDK)—a set of libraries and drivers for fast packet processing. However, DPDK cannot give an accurate timestamp for every packet, and it is unable to truly reflect the order in which packets arrive at the network interface card. In addition, DPDK‐based applications cannot achieve zero packet loss when the packet is small such as 64 B for beyond 10 Gigabit Ethernet. Therefore, the authors proposed a new method based on Field‐Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) to solve this problem. The authors also develop a DPDK driver for FPGA devices to make the design compatible with all DPDK‐based applications. The proposed method performs timestamping at line‐rate for 10 Gigabit Ethernet traffic at 4 ns precision and 1 ns precision for 25 Gigabit, which greatly improves the accuracy of security incident retrospective analysis. Furthermore, the design can capture full‐size packets for any protocol with zero packet loss and can be applied to 40/100 Gigabit systems as well.
A novel Field‐Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)‐based method of high‐precision timestamping is proposed for line‐rate packet capture applications such as the security incident retrospective analysis, which greatly improves the key performance metrics of such applications. The method can achieve 4 ns or 1 ns timestamp accuracy for 10/25/40/100G Ethernet systems, and can capture any size of packets for any protocol with zero loss. Moreover, the method develops a DPDK driver for FPGA devices, making it compatible with all DPDK‐based applications.
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•A highly efficient CTL sensor for acetone vapor coupled with UIO-66 as the preconcentrator was established.•A simple and low-cost home-made adsorption apparatus with UIO-66 was ...fabricated.•The proposed CTL sensing platform demonstrated advantages of high sensitivity, selectivity, and speediness.
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) showed a significant sorption potential in the gas capture and preconcentration during recent years because of its super porosity. Herein, we fabricated a simple and inexpensive home-made adsorption apparatus based on UIO-66 as the preconcentrator, which was firstly coupled with a rapid cataluminescence (CTL) sensor to determine acetone vapor. The CTL emission was enhanced by 25 times after the preconcentration of UIO-66, indicating the UIO-66 preconcentrator could efficiently ameliorate sensitivity. As for the adsorption mechanism of UIO-66 for acetone molecules, we deduced that acetone molecules were preferentially located on the Zr clusters with high hydrophilicity. The proposed CTL sensor in combine with UIO-66 adsorption granted a detection limit of acetone down to 2.79 ppm, and demonstrated good selectivity, simplicity, rapidity, and recyclability. This study provides appealing perspectives of UIO-66 as the preconcentrator for the improvement of analytical performance, and the prospect of a miniaturized portable acetone sensor.
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•Novel activators of STAT3 have diverse functions in regulating cancer cellular processes and have been validated as potential drug targets.•STAT3 activation is a resistance ...mechanism.•STAT3 inhibitors that show promise as new therapeutic leads can combined with chemotherapies to improve patient outcomes.
Excessive activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling is observed in a subset of many cancers, making activated STAT3 a highly promising potential therapeutic target supported by multiple preclinical and clinical studies. However, early-phase clinical trials have produced mixed results with STAT3-targeted cancer therapies, revealing substantial complexity to targeting aberrant STAT3 signaling. This review discusses the diverse mechanisms of oncogenic activation of STAT3, and the small molecule inhibitors of STAT3 in cancer treatment.
Circuits in the visual cortex integrate the information derived from separate ON (light-responsive) and OFF (dark-responsive) pathways to construct orderly columnar representations of stimulus ...orientation and visual space. How this transformation is achieved to meet the specific topographic constraints of each representation remains unclear. Here we report several novel features of ON-OFF convergence visualized by mapping the receptive fields of layer 2/3 neurons in the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) visual cortex using two-photon imaging of GCaMP6 calcium signals. We show that the spatially separate ON and OFF subfields of simple cells in layer 2/3 exhibit topologically distinct relationships with the maps of visual space and orientation preference. The centres of OFF subfields for neurons in a given region of cortex are confined to a compact region of visual space and display a smooth visuotopic progression. By contrast, the centres of the ON subfields are distributed over a wider region of visual space, display substantial visuotopic scatter, and have an orientation-specific displacement consistent with orientation preference map structure. As a result, cortical columns exhibit an invariant aggregate receptive field structure: an OFF-dominated central region flanked by ON-dominated subfields. This distinct arrangement of ON and OFF inputs enables continuity in the mapping of both orientation and visual space and the generation of a columnar map of absolute spatial phase.
In order to systematically tailor the structures and properties of a unique family of inorganic−organic hybrid nanostructured materials based on II−VI semiconductors, we have designed and engineered ...a new group of two-dimensional crystalline (M2Q2)(L) nanostreuctures (where M = Zn, Cd; Q = S, Se; and L = ethylamine, n-propylamine, n-butylamine, n-amylamine, n-hexylamine). These compounds are composed of double atomic layers of M2Q2 separated by organic monoamines. The crystal structures of 2D-(M2Q2)(L) are characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis. The crystal structures of these compounds are similar to the 2D-(MQ)(L) series that we reported earlier, in that they also contain II−VI slabs sandwiched by organic monoamines. The main difference is in the thickness of the II−VI slabs, where they are single-layer (n = 1) in 2D-(MQ)(L) but double-layer (n = 2) in 2D-(M2Q2)(L). Optical absorption experiments show that all double-layer compounds exhibit a blue shift in their absorption edge (0.6−1.2 eV), due to the quantum confinement effect (QCE). However, the extent of such a blue shift is significantly less than that of the single-layer 2D-(MQ)(L) systems (1.0−2.0 eV) as a result of the difference in their layer thickness. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis has revealed nanosized II−VI (MQ) particles as the post-TG product of all double-layer hybrids.
Objective To explore the symptom experiences and influencing factors of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer patients on chemotherapy (CTX) in China. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 ...GI cancer patients undergoing CTX. Following the Colaizzi 7-step analysis method, the interview data were read carefully, meaningful statements related to the research questions were extracted, coded, collected, and described in detail, and the authenticity of the theme was verified. Results Nine themes were grouped into two main areas including the characteristics of symptom experiences and influences on symptom experiences. Conclusion The symptom experiences of patients undergoing CTX for GI cancer is poor and influenced by multiple factors. Nurses need to pay attention to the assessment and monitoring of CTX-related symptoms, improve symptom recognition, enhance doctor-patient communication and social support, explore intelligent management methods, and increase the efficiency of healthcare services to improve patients’ symptom experience.
The development of voltage-sensitive dyes (VSD) and fast optical imaging techniques have brought us a new tool for examining spatiotemporal patterns of population neuronal activity in the neocortex. ...Propagating waves have been observed during almost every type of cortical processing examined by VSD imaging or electrode arrays. These waves provide subthreshold depolarization to individual neurons and increase their spiking probability. Therefore, the propagation of the waves sets up a spatiotemporal framework for increased excitability in neuronal populations, which can help to determine when and where the neurons are likely to fire. In this review, first discussed is propagating waves observed in various systems and possible mechanisms for generating and sustaining these waves. Then discussed are wave dynamics as an emergent behavior of the population activity that can, in turn, influence the activity of individual neurons. The functions of spontaneous and sensory-evoked waves remain to be explored. An important next step will be to examine the interaction between dynamics of propagating waves and functions in the cortex, and to verify if cortical processing can be modified when these waves are altered. NEUROSCIENTIST 14(5):487—502, 2008. DOI: 10.1177/1073858408317066
Accurate and real-time detection of small targets of pedestrians and cars in video images is indeed crucial for various applications such as autonomous driving and urban management. Existing ...detection algorithms face challenges related to small targets and low visibility, resulting in issues such as low accuracy, missed detection and reduced detection efficiency. This paper proposes an improved YOLOv5s FMG (Fine-tuning Slice, Multi-spectral Channel Attention, Ghost Bottleneck) detection method based on YOLOv5, which firstly introduces fine-tuning slicing aided hyper inference (SAHI) to generate small target objects by slicing the pictures into the network. Secondly, the multi-spectral channel attention (MCA) module is integrated into the feature extraction network, which enhances the information dissemination among features and strengthens the network's ability to distinguish between foreground and background. Then, the network uses the convolution network to extract features instead of the full connection layer, and uses the lightweight Ghost Bottleneck instead of bottleneck structure. Finally, the prediction part adopts the complete intersection over union (CIoU) loss function to achieve accurate bounding box regression. Based on the experimental results conducted on the self-made dataset, compared to YOLOv5s, the mAP (0.5) of YOLOv5s FMG on the dataset is improved by 9.3%, and the mAP (0.5:0.95) is improved by 2%. At the same time, the frames per second (FPS) is increased by 41.8%, and the number of parameters has been reduced by 18.5%. The proposed method demonstrates successful detection of small targets of pedestrians and vehicles, ensuring its effective applicability under conditions of low visibility.
Rhein is a lipophilic anthraquinone extensively found in medicinal herbs. Emerging evidence suggests that rhein has significant antitumor effects, supporting its potential use as an antitumor agent. ...The IL6/STAT3 signaling pathway has been suggested as an attractive target for the discovery of novel cancer therapeutics.
The human pancreatic cancer cell lines AsPC-1, Patu8988T, BxPC-3 and PANC-1, and immunodeficient mice were chosen as models to study the effects of rhein. The potent antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of rhein were examined by cell viability, cellular morphology, apoptosis and colony formation assays. The STAT3 luciferase report assay, immunostaining analysis and Western blot analysis revealed the inhibition of the IL6/STAT3 signaling axis.
Apoptosis was induced by adjunctive use of rhein with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors in pancreatic cancer cells as verified by cell apoptosis analysis and changes in the expression level of apoptotic/anti-apoptotic proteins BCL-2, BAX, Caspase 3 and Cl-PARP. Suppression of the phosphorylation of STAT3 and EGFR were also observed as a result of the treatment with a combination of rhein and EGFR inhibitors. Most interestingly, it was found that rhein considerably sensitized cells to erlotinib, thus suppressing tumor growth in PANC-1 and BxPC-3 xenograft models. The in vivo anti-tumor effect was associated with increased apoptosis and combined inhibition of the STAT3 and EGFR pathways in tumor remnants.
Rhein sensitizes human pancreatic cancer cells to EGFR inhibitors through inhibition of STAT3. Taken together, the results indicate that rhein offers a novel blueprint for pancreatic cancer therapy, particularly when combined with EGFR inhibitors.
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is an oncogene, which upregulates in approximately 70% of human cancers. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process which maintains ...cellular homeostasis and eliminates damaged cellular components. Moreover, the STAT3 signaling pathway, which may be triggered by cancer cells, has been implicated in the autophagic process.
In this study, we found that the anthelmintic flubendazole exerts potent antitumor activity in three human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines and in the nude mouse model. The inhibition of cell proliferation in vitro by flubendazole was evaluated using a clonogenic assay and the MTT assay. Western blot analysis, flow cytometry analysis, siRNA growth experiment and cytoplasmic and nuclear protein extraction were used to investigate the mechanisms of inhibiting STAT3 signaling and activation of autophagy induced by flubendazole. Additionally, the expression of STAT3 and mTOR was analyzed in paired colorectal cancer and normal tissues collected from clinical patients.
Flubendazole blocked the IL6-induced nuclear translocation of STAT3, which led to inhibition of the transcription of STAT3 target genes, such as MCL1, VEGF and BIRC5. In addition, flubendazole also reduced the expression of P-mTOR, P62, BCL2, and upregulated Beclin1 and LC3-I/II, which are major autophagy-related genes. These processes induced potent cell apoptosis in CRC cells. In addition, flubendazole displayed a synergistic effect with the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of CRC.
Taken together, these results indicate that flubendazole exerts antitumor activities by blocking STAT3 signaling and inevitably affects the autophagy pathway. Flubendazole maybe a novel anticancer drug and offers a distinctive therapeutic strategy in neoadjuvant chemotherapy of CRC.
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