•An averaging of 9.49 ± 6.2 g kg−1 organic carbon was bound with Fe in peatland.•Coprecipitation was the dominant binding mechanism between OC and Fe in peatlands.•TOC was the main determinant factor ...on the concentration of Fe-bound OC.•Peatlands have the equally important iron minerals protection as other ecosystems.
There is a strong correlation between iron oxide mineral and organic carbon (OC) concentrations. However, the role of iron oxide minerals in the preservation of OC in peatlands is poorly understood. In this study, we collected soil samples from 10 peatlands in central and west China to comprehensively investigate the concentration, characteristics, and spatial variability of iron oxide-bound OC (Fe-bound OC) concentrations and determine the impact of climatic factors and soil physicochemical properties on the correlation between OC and iron oxides. Our results showed that the concentration of Fe-bound OC ranged from 3.91 to 18.79 g kg−1. On average, Fe-bound OC accounted for 3.42 ± 1.32% of soil OC. The molar ratio of OC: Fe ranged from 2.17 to 12.18, indicating that coprecipitation was the dominant mechanism affecting the binding of OC to reactive iron oxides in peatlands. δ13C isotope analyses revealed that Fe-bound OC was relatively enriched in 13C in peatlands. Iron mineral sources, local vegetation, and the water table were responsible for differences in the concentration of Fe-bound OC identified among the 10 sites. Correlation analysis results indicated that total organic carbon (TOC) was the main determinant factor for the concentration of Fe-bound OC (r = 0.549, p < 0.01), and the binding mechanism was jointly regulated by TOC and reactive Fe content. The proportion of Fe-bound OC to TOC (fFe-bound OC) was positively correlated with the reactive Fe (r = 0.457, p < 0.05), indicating that the importance of binding with iron minerals in OC accumulation is regulated by the concentration of reactive Fe in peatlands. This study highlights the quantitative characteristics and spatial variability of Fe-bound OC in peatlands, providing important information for assessing and managing the carbon cycle in peatland ecosystems.
Crude oil prices, weather changes, and carbon prices are closely related, but little research investigates their dynamic relationship. Studying how crude oil prices and weather changes dynamically ...affect carbon prices is significant to investors and producers. Taking carbon prices in Hubei and Guangdong as examples, we use the time-varying parameter vector autoregressive (TVP-VAR) model to investigate the time-varying influence of WTI and weather changes (average temperature, sunshine duration, and precipitation) on China's carbon prices. Our empirical results show that: firstly, the impact of crude oil prices and weather changes on carbon prices is obviously time-varying and lagging. Secondly, the short-term impact of crude oil prices and weather changes on carbon prices is higher than the long-term impact. And crude oil price mainly positively affects carbon prices in the short term. Finally, due to the differences in industrial development and weather conditions between Hubei and Guangdong, there are certain regional differences in the impact of crude oil prices and weather changes on carbon prices. Based on these research results, some suggestions are provided for global sustainable development and green transformation of enterprises.
•This paper studies the relationship between crude oil prices, weather changes, and carbon prices in China from a time-varying perspective.•TVP-VAR is used to capture the time-varying dynamic relationship between them.•The results show that there is a time-varying and lagging spillover effect between them.•The influence of crude oil prices and weather changes on China's carbon prices has regional characteristics.
Abstract Germ granules are biomolecular condensates present in most animal germ cells. One function of germ granules is to help maintain germ cell totipotency by organizing mRNA regulatory machinery, ...including small RNA-based gene regulatory pathways. The C. elegans germ granule is compartmentalized into multiple subcompartments whose biological functions are largely unknown. Here, we identify an uncharted subcompartment of the C. elegans germ granule, which we term the E granule. The E granule is nonrandomly positioned within the germ granule. We identify five proteins that localize to the E granule, including the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) EGO-1, the Dicer-related helicase DRH-3, the Tudor domain-containing protein EKL-1, and two intrinsically disordered proteins, EGC-1 and ELLI-1. Localization of EGO-1 to the E granule enables synthesis of a specialized class of 22G RNAs, which derive exclusively from 5 ’ regions of a subset of germline-expressed mRNAs. Defects in E granule assembly elicit disordered production of endogenous siRNAs, which disturbs fertility and the RNAi response. Our results define a distinct subcompartment of the C. elegans germ granule and suggest that one function of germ granule compartmentalization is to facilitate the localized production of specialized classes of small regulatory RNAs.
Not only is the use of waste heat an important way for companies to reduce fuel costs but it is also an important step in achieving the goal of decreasing peak carbon dioxide emissions. Solid fuels ...still make up a large proportion of China’s energy consumption structures, and the amount of ash generated and the remaining thermal resources are enormous. When considering coal alone, the theoretical recoverable amount of waste heat associated with the ash can be as much as 15.87 Mt of standard coal per year. An analysis of thermal energy utilization of high temperature ash (TEUHA) was conducted. It was found that the existing direct utilization method had a thermal efficiency in the range of 12% to 92%. However, the process is complicated, and the heat carrier is susceptible to contamination. Indirect utilization could avoid pollution issues, but heat loss was severe and maximum thermal efficiency was calculated as only 59%. Combined with the waste heat characteristics of the ash and the heat demand, a “Point-Point” model of TEUHA using phase-change materials as the heat carrier is proposed. This approach not only avoids ash pollution to the thermal environment, but it also increases the energy harvesting efficiency and realizes a high-quality utilization of thermal energy.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Modification of RNAs, particularly at the terminals, is critical for various essential cell processes; for example, uridylation is implicated in tumorigenesis, proliferation, stem cell maintenance, ...and immune defense against viruses and retrotransposons. Ribosomal RNAs can be regulated by antisense ribosomal siRNAs (risiRNAs), which downregulate pre-rRNAs through the nuclear RNAi pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans. However, the biogenesis and regulation of risiRNAs remain obscure. Previously, we showed that 26S rRNAs are uridylated at the 3'-ends by an unknown terminal polyuridylation polymerase before the rRNAs are degraded by a 3' to 5' exoribonuclease SUSI-1(ceDIS3L2).
Here, we found that CDE-1, one of the three C.elegans polyuridylation polymerases (PUPs), is specifically involved in suppressing risiRNA production. CDE-1 localizes to perinuclear granules in the germline and uridylates Argonaute-associated 22G-RNAs, 26S, and 5.8S rRNAs at the 3'-ends. Immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry (IP-MS) revealed that CDE-1 interacts with SUSI-1(ceDIS3L2). Consistent with these results, both CDE-1 and SUSI-1(ceDIS3L2) are required for the inheritance of RNAi.
This work identified a rRNA surveillance machinery of rRNAs that couples terminal polyuridylation and degradation.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Peatlands store 20–30 % of the global soil carbon (C). Earthworms simultaneously increase net C stabilization and net C mineralization. But little is known about the impact of earthworm invasion on ...the C cycling in peat soils. Earthworm excreta, such as casts and mucus, have been shown to affect soil chemistry and microbes, the former representing gut process and the latter are secretions from earthworms as they dig burrows. Therefore, this study evaluates the separate effects of the presence of earthworms, casts, and mucus on the soil chemistry, soil microbial community, and the enzymes of peat soil. The results indicated that earthworms and their casts had significantly negative effects on peat soil dissolved organic C, microbial biomass C, pH and polyphenol oxidase, and had positive effects on phenolic matters, hydrolase activity, bacterial diversity, and metabolic functions. The effects of mucus on polyphenol oxidase, phenolic matters and bacterial evenness were similar to those of earthworms, but the effects on other soil properties were different. Earthworms and their excreta selectively promote or inhibit the survival of some soil bacteria, e.g., the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was increased and Acidobacteria and Rokubacteria was reduced after earthworm entering. This research provides evidence that earthworms change soil properties primarily through gut processes (casts), indicates the negative effect of earthworms on peat soil C, and call for the monitoring of soil fauna in degraded peatland to protecting C stocks in peatlands.
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•Effects of casts on soil chemistry were more similar to that of earthworms than to that of mucus.•Earthworms and casts significantly reduced peat soil dissolved organic carbon and pH.•Earthworms and casts stimulated carbon-related hydrolase activity, and decreased oxidase activity.•Earthworms and their excreta changed bacterial composition, diversity and functions.•Earthworms positively stimulated Bacteroidetes, but negatively Acidobacteria and Rokubacteria.
More than half of the carbon pools in peatlands are stored in the soil layers below 30 cm, yet little is known about the carbon stabilizing factors at these depths. Although iron oxide minerals are ...considered to be important for stabilizing organic carbon (OC), their role in the preservation of OC in peatlands, especially in the deep layers, is poorly understood. Here, we collected 1 m soil profiles from six peatlands in Central and West China to quantitatively study the vertical distribution characteristics of iron-bound OC (Fe-bound OC), and the influencing physicochemical properties of the soil. The results showed that the content of reactive iron (FeR) was enriched in the top layer and decreased gradually with depth. While Fe-bound OC was positively correlated with FeR, its concentration did not decrease with depth in the peat profile. There were no obvious trends in the distributions of FeR and Fe-bound OC with water level fluctuations in the peat profile. In addition, the proportion of Fe-bound OC to soil organic carbon in the deep peat (31 to 100 cm) was equivalent to that in the surface peat (0 to 30 cm), indicating that iron oxide mineral provides comparable protection of OC in both layers. According to upper estimates of global peatland carbon storage (612 Pg), it could be predicted that 23.81 ± 11.75 Pg of OC is protected by association with FeR. These results indicated that iron oxide minerals are the effective "rusty sink" of OC sequestration in peatland, and a key factor for its long-term preservation. The results from this study make a valuable contribution to the carbon dynamics knowledgebase for peatlands, and provide a basis for improved predictive simulations.
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•Nitrogen addition cannot significantly promote the occurrence of anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) process in this peatland.•Different forms of nitrogen (ammonium chloride, Nred; sodium nitrate, ...Nox) have inconsistent effects on the potential of AOM at different soil layers.•The cumulative of AOM with CK and Nred were higher than that of Nox addition treatment.•SWC and Fe3+ are the environmental factors that have the most obvious impact on AOM in this peatland.
Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM), an important biological process to reduce global methane emissions to the atmosphere, can utilize methane as an electron donor to reduce sulfate, nitrate, nitrite, iron, manganese, AQDS (9,10-anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate), etc.; thus, AOM has been a hot topic in global climate change research in recent years. In addition, nitrogen deposition of terrestrial ecosystems can input more nitrogen to nitrogen-limited peatlands, which could impact the AOM process. However, the effect of nitrogen addition on AOM is not well studied. Here, we investigated the effects of two forms of nitrogen on the vertical distribution (0–100 cm) of AOM in the Zoige peatlands (China) using an anaerobic incubation experiment. The results show that the concentrations of inorganic nitrogen species changed with nitrogen addition, but it did not significantly promote the potential of AOM. The cumulative AOM of treatments without nitrogen (CK) and ammonium chloride (Nred) was 2343.43 ± 18.96 µg·g−1 and 2340.76 ± 16.11 µg·g−1, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of sodium nitrate (Nox) addition treatment (2098.13 ± 13.59 µg·g−1). In addition, the potential of AOM increased with depth, but different soil layers had different responses to the two forms of nitrogen, which could reflect the variable need for different forms of nitrogen in the different soil layers. The soilwatercontent(SWC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), iron content (Fe3+), and pH played important roles in the potential of AOM in the Zoige peatlands. Overall, our results found that nitrogen addition did not increase the potential of AOM, but instead had an inhibitory effect on it. This study provides a basis for understanding the response of AOM to nitrogen addition in peatlands, which has important implications for global climate change.
The nucleolus is the most prominent membraneless organelle within the nucleus. How the nucleolar structure is regulated is poorly understood. Here, we identified two types of nucleoli in C. elegans. ...Type I nucleoli are spherical and do not have visible nucleolar vacuoles (NoVs), and rRNA transcription and processing factors are evenly distributed throughout the nucleolus. Type II nucleoli contain vacuoles, and rRNA transcription and processing factors exclusively accumulate in the periphery rim. The NoV contains nucleoplasmic proteins and is capable of exchanging contents with the nucleoplasm. The high-order structure of the nucleolus is dynamically regulated in C. elegans. Faithful rRNA processing is important to prohibit NoVs. The depletion of 27SA2 rRNA processing factors resulted in NoV formation. The inhibition of RNA polymerase I (RNAPI) transcription and depletion of two conserved nucleolar factors, nucleolin and fibrillarin, prohibits the formation of NoVs. This finding provides a mechanism to coordinate structure maintenance and gene expression.
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•The appearance of nucleolar vacuole is dynamic in C. elegans•Nucleolar vacuoles contain nucleoplasmic proteins•The accumulation of 27SA2 rRNAs promotes nucleolar vacuole formation•FIB-1 and NUCL-1 are required for nucleolar vacuole formation
Xu et al. found that the nucleolar vacuole (NoV) contains nucleoplasmic proteins and is capable of exchanging its contents with nucleoplasm. The formation of the NoV is orchestrated by rRNA transcription, processing, and maturation.
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is a hormone-related cancer with high mortality and poor prognosis. Based on the transcriptome of 57,444 cells in ascites from 10 patients with HGSOC ...(including 5 pre-menopausal and 5 post-menopausal patients), we identified 14 cell clusters which were further classified into 6 cell types, including T cells, B cells, NK cells, myeloid cells, epithelial cells, and stromal cells. We discovered an increased proportion of epithelial cells and a decreased proportion of T cells in pre-menopausal ascites compared with post-menopausal ascites. GO analysis revealed the pre-menopausal tumor microenvironments (TME) are closely associated with viral infection, while the post-menopausal TME are mostly related to the IL-17 immune pathway. SPP1/CD44-mediated crosstalk between myeloid cells and B cells, NK cells, and stromal cells mainly present in the pre-menopausal group, while SPP1/PTGER4 -mediated crosstalk between myeloid cells and epithelial cells mostly present in the post-menopausal group.
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•Single-cell atlas of pre- and post-menopausal HGSOC ascites•SPP1+ macrophages are related to the prognosis of HGSOC•SPP1/CD44 receptor ligand pairs exist in the pre-menopausal HGSOC ascites cells•SPP1/PTGER4 receptor ligand pairs exist in the post-menopausal HGSOC ascites cells
Microenvironment; Cancer
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