Polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) has been widely used as a metal-free photocatalyst for solar hydrogen generation from water. However, rapid charge carrier recombination and sluggish water catalysis ...kinetics have greatly limited its photocatalytic performance for overall water splitting. Herein, a single-atom Ni terminating agent was introduced to coordinate with the heptazine units of PCN to create new hybrid orbitals. Both theoretical calculation and experimental evidence revealed that the new hybrid orbitals synergistically broadened visible light absorption via a metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) process, and accelerated the separation and transfer of photoexcited electrons and holes. The obtained single-atom Ni terminated PCN (PCNNi), without an additional cocatalyst loading, realized efficient photocatalytic overall water splitting into easily-separated gas-product H2 and liquid-product H2O2 under visible light, with evolution rates reaching 26.6 and 24.0 μmol g−1 h−1, respectively. It was indicated that single-atom Ni and the neighboring C atom served as water oxidation and reduction active sites, respectively, for overall water splitting via a two-electron reaction pathway.
Myocardial infarction (MI) leads to cardiac remodelling and heart failure. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is considered a critical pathological phenomenon accompanying MI, but the pathogenesis mechanism ...remains to be explored. MicroRNAs (miRs), with the identity of negative regulator of gene expression, exist as an important contributor to apoptosis. During the experiment of this study, MI mice models were successfully established and sequencing data showed that the expression of miR‐23a‐5p was significantly enhanced during MI progression. Further steps were taken and it showed that apoptosis of cardiac cells weakened as miR‐23a‐5p was downregulated and on the contrary that apoptosis strengthened with the overexpression of miR‐23a‐5p. To explore its working mechanisms, bioinformatics analysis was conducted by referring to multi‐databases to predict the targets of miR‐23a‐5p. Further analysis suggested that those downstream genes enriched in several pathways, especially in the PI3K/Akt singling pathway. Furthermore, it demonstrated that miR‐23a‐5p was negatively related to the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt, which plays a critical role in triggering cell apoptosis during MI. Recilisib‐activated PI3K/Akt singling pathway could restrain apoptosis from inducing miR‐23a‐5p overexpression, and Miltefosine‐blocked PI3K/Akt singling pathway could restrict apoptosis from inhibiting miR‐23a‐5p reduction. In conclusion, these findings revealed the pivotal role of miR‐23a‐5p‐PI3K/Akt axis in regulating apoptosis during MI, introducing this novel axis as a potential indicator to detect ischemic heart disease and it could be used for therapeutic intervention.
An ultra-low specific on-resistance SOI LDMOS with stepped split protection gate L-trench (SSG LT LDMOS) is proposed. On the one hand, the stepped split protection gate (PG) not only assists in ...depleting the drift region but also modulates the vertical electric field. In addition, the PG diminishes the Miller capacitance, which decreasing gate-drain charge (Qgd) and switching losses of the proposed structure. On the other hand, the breakdown voltage (BV) of the proposed structure can be enhanced by the introduced L-trench (LT) and silicon-on-insulator (SOI) layer. According to the enhanced dielectric layer field (ENDIF) effect, the depletion layer and inversion layer are formed in the both sides of the LT and the SOI layer to increase BV. The LT conspicuously shortens the length of the drift region while the high BV is maintained, which further reduces the specific on-resistance (Ron,sp). The simulation results show that comparing with the conventional structure, Ron,sp is reduced by 77.2%, the figure of merit (FOM1 = BV2/Ron,sp) and BV can be increased by 486.6% and 13.7%, respectively. Meanwhile, The loss figure of merit (FOM2 = Ron,sp*Qgd) is reduced by 83.8%.
Osteomyelitis is a debilitating bone disorder characterized by an inflammatory process involving the bone marrow, bone cortex, periosteum, and surrounding soft tissue, which can ultimately result in ...bone destruction. The etiology of osteomyelitis can be infectious, caused by various microorganisms, or noninfectious, such as chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) and chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO). Researchers have turned to animal models to study the pathophysiology of osteomyelitis. However, selecting an appropriate animal model that accurately recapitulates the human pathology of osteomyelitis while controlling for multiple variables that influence different clinical presentations remains a significant challenge. In this review, we present an overview of various animal models used in osteomyelitis research, including rodent, rabbit, avian/chicken, porcine, minipig, canine, sheep, and goat models. We discuss the characteristics of each animal model and the corresponding clinical scenarios that can provide a basic rationale for experimental selection. This review highlights the importance of selecting an appropriate animal model for osteomyelitis research to improve the accuracy of the results and facilitate the development of novel treatment and management strategies.
Tetratricopeptide repeat and ankyrin repeat containing 1 (
) is a robust risk gene of bipolar disorder (BD). However, little is known on the role of
in the pathogenesis of BD and whether the gut ...microbiota is capable of regulating
expression. In this study, we first investigated the serum mRNA level of
in medication-free patients with a depressive episode of BD, then a mice model was constructed by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to explore the effects of gut microbiota on brain
expression and neuroinflammation, which was further verified by
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment in BV-2 microglial cells and neurons. 22 patients with a depressive episode and 28 healthy individuals were recruited. Serum level of
mRNA was higher in depressed patients than that of healthy controls. Mice harboring 'BD microbiota' following FMT presented depression-like phenotype. mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines and
were elevated in mice hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.
, LPS treatment activated the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors in BV-2 cells, which was capable of upregulating the neuronal expression of
mRNA. Moreover, primary cortical neurons transfected with plasmid Cytomegalovirus DNA (pcDNA3.1(+)) vector encoding human
showed decreased dendritic spine density. Together, these findings add new evidence to the microbiota-gut-brain regulation in BD, indicating that microbiota is possibly involved in the neuropathogenesis of BD by modulating the expression of
.
Although numerous studies have investigated premature deaths attributable to temperature, effects of temperature on years of life lost (YLL) remain unclear. We estimated the relationship between ...temperatures and YLL, and quantified the YLL per death caused by temperature in China. We collected daily meteorological and mortality data, and calculated the daily YLL values for 364 locations (2013–2017 in Yunnan, Guangdong, Hunan, Zhejiang, and Jilin provinces, and 2006–2011 in other locations) in China. A time-series design with a distributed lag nonlinear model was first employed to estimate the location-specific associations between temperature and YLL rates (YLL/100,000 population), and a multivariate meta-analysis model was used to pool location-specific associations. Then, YLL per death caused by temperatures was calculated. The temperature and YLL rates consistently showed U-shaped associations. A mean of 1.02 (95% confidence interval: 0.67, 1.37) YLL per death was attributable to temperature. Cold temperature caused 0.98 YLL per death with most from moderate cold (0.84). The mean YLL per death was higher in those with cardiovascular diseases (1.14), males (1.15), younger age categories (1.31 in people aged 65–74 years), and in central China (1.34) than in those with respiratory diseases (0.47), females (0.87), older people (0.85 in people ≥75 years old), and northern China (0.64) or southern China (1.19). The mortality burden was modified by annual temperature and temperature variability, relative humidity, latitude, longitude, altitude, education attainment, and central heating use. Temperatures caused substantial YLL per death in China, which was modified by demographic and regional characteristics.
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•Years of life lost (YLL) is used to estimate the effects of temperature•Both low and high temperatures can increase the YLLs•Average 1.02 YLL per death is attributed to temperature exposure•Temperature causes larger YLLs per death in males, younger people, and central China
Candida auris
emerged as a pathogenic species of fungus that causes severe and invasive outbreaks worldwide. The fungus exhibits high intrinsic resistance rates to various first-line antifungals, and ...the underlying molecular mechanism responsible for its multidrug resistance is still unclear. In this study, a transcriptomic analysis was performed between two
C. auris
isolates that exhibited different anti-drug patterns by RNA-sequencing, namely, CX1 (anti-drug sensitive) and CX2 (resistant). Transcriptomic analysis results revealed 541 upregulated and 453 downregulated genes in the resistant
C. auris
strain compared with the susceptible strain. In addition, our findings highlight the presence of potential differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which may play a role in drug resistance, including genes involved in ergosterol and efflux pump biosynthesis such as
SNQ2
,
CDR4
,
ARB1
,
MDR1
,
MRR1
, and
ERG
genes. We also found that Hsp related genes were upregulated for expression in the anti-drug-resistant strain. Biofilm formation and growth conditions were also compared between the two isolates. Our study provides novel clues for future studies in terms of understanding multidrug resistance mechanisms of
C. auris
strains.
In this study, the acid sites on the surface of the catalyst were quantitatively analyzed by pyridine adsorption infrared spectroscopy. When the molar ratio of V/P is 5, the molar ratio of HCl/V is ...3, and the calcination temperature is 450 °C, the selective catalytic reduction effect of NO over VPO/TiO.sub.2 catalyst is the best (up to 99% at 200 °C), and the acidity of the catalyst is the highest, which is 5600 mumol·g.sup.-1. The results showed that the SCR activity of VPO/TiO.sub.2 catalyst increased with the increase of acidity at low temperature. Furthermore, the correlation between the denitration activity and the surface acid level was established by means of data fitting. The results showed that the low temperature denitrification activities of all VPO/TiO.sub.2 catalysts were positively correlated with the content of weak Lewis acid center (correlation coefficient > 0.9). In conclusion, this study provides a new method for analyzing the structure-activity relationship of the catalyst and provides some theoretical basis for the design of NH.sub.3-SCR catalyst.
(1–x)BaTiO
3
–xBi(Ni
1/2
Zr
1/2
)O
3
(1–x)BT–xBNZ,
x
= 0.08 ~ 0.20 polycrystal ceramics were produced from solid-state reaction and used to make efficient dielectric capacitors for pulsed power use. ...All specimens had a pseudocubic phase and generated stable solid solutions with dense microstructures. The average grain size of (1-x)BT-xBNZ ceramics first increased and then decreased with x. Dielectric detection showed the BT-BNZ ceramics were relaxor-like with wider phase transiting peaks and a slim-polarized electric field, which contributed to the effective energy storage of ceramic capacitors. At the best performance component
x
= 0.15, the releasable energy storage density was raised to 1.67 J/cm
3
, and the energy efficiency was up to 89.1% at 200 kV/cm. This work provides an applicable approach to develop high-energy-storing lead-free ceramics under low electric fields.
Normal placentation and successful maintenance of pregnancy depend on the successful migration and invasion of trophoblasts into maternal tissues. Previous studies reported that microRNAs (miRs) are ...expressed in trophoblasts, and can regulate their migration and invasion. The present study aimed to investigate miR‑181b‑5p function in HTR‑8/SVneo trophoblasts and explore its underlying mechanism in the pathogenesis of multiple abnormal trophoblast invasion‑related events. Reverse‑transcription quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to test the expression of miR‑181b‑5p and sphingosine‑1‑phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) in samples of multiple abnormal trophoblast invasion‑related events. Transwell invasion and wound healing assays were performed to determine cell invasion and migration abilities. A luciferase reporter assay was conducted to identify the downstream target of miR‑181b‑5p. Overexpression of miR‑181b‑5p suppressed HTR‑8/SVneo cell migration and invasion, whereas inhibition of miR‑181b‑5p induced an opposite effect. The S1PR1 gene was further identified as a novel direct target of miR‑181b‑5p. Specifically, miR‑181b‑5p bound directly to the 3'‑untranslated region of S1PR1 and suppressed its expression. Moreover, overexpression of S1PR1 reversed the inhibitory effect of miR‑181b‑5p. Taken together, ectopic expression of miR‑181b‑5p impaired the migration and invasion of trophoblasts by directly targeting S1PR1, thereby providing new insights into the pathogenesis of multiple abnormal trophoblast invasion‑related events.
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