The Advanced ACTPol 27/39 GHz Array Simon, S. M.; Beall, J. A.; Cothard, N. F. ...
Journal of low temperature physics,
12/2018, Letnik:
193, Številka:
5-6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Advanced ACTPol (AdvACT) will observe the temperature and polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at multiple frequencies and high resolution to place improved constraints on inflation, ...dark matter, and dark energy. Foregrounds from synchrotron and dust radiation are a source of contamination that must be characterized and removed across a wide range of frequencies. AdvACT will thus observe at five frequency bands from 27 to 230 GHz. We discuss the design of the pixels and feedhorns for the 27/39 GHz multichroic array for AdvACT, which will target the synchrotron radiation that dominates at these frequencies. To gain 35% in mapping speed in the 39 GHz band where the foreground signals are faintest, the pixel number was increased through reducing the pixel diameter to
1.08
λ
at the lowest frequency, which represents a 22% decrease in size compared to our previously most tightly packed pixels.
This work presents the procedures used at Argonne National Laboratory to fabricate large arrays of multichroic transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers for cosmic microwave background (CMB) ...measurements. These detectors will be assembled into the focal plane for the SPT-3G camera, the third generation CMB camera to be installed in the South Pole Telescope. The complete SPT-3G camera will have approximately 2690 pixels, for a total of 16 140 TES bolometric detectors. Each pixel is comprised of a broad-band sinuous antenna coupled to a Nb microstrip line. In-line filters are used to define the different bands before the millimeter-wavelength signal is fed to the respective Ti Au TES bolometers. There are six TES bolometer detectors per pixel, which allow for measurements of three band-passes (95, 150 and 220 GHz) and two polarizations. The steps involved in the monolithic fabrication of these detector arrays are presented here in detail. Patterns are defined using a combination of stepper and contact lithography. The misalignment between layers is kept below 200 nm. The overall fabrication involves a total of 16 processes, including reactive and magnetron sputtering, reactive ion etching, inductively coupled plasma etching and chemical etching.
We deposit thin titanium nitride (TiN) and TiN/Ti/TiN multilayer films on sapphire substrates and measure the reflectance and transmittance in the wavelength range from 400 to 2000 nm using a ...spectrophotometer. The optical constants (complex refractive indices), including the refractive index
n
and the extinction coefficient
k
, have been derived. With the extracted refractive indices, we propose an optical stack structure using low-loss amorphous Si (a-Si) anti-reflective coating and a backside aluminum (Al) reflecting mirror, which can in theory achieve 100% photon absorption at 1550 nm. The proposed optical design shows great promise in enhancing the optical efficiency of TiN-based microwave kinetic inductance photon-number-resolving detectors.
Polarization sensitive, microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) are under development for the next generation BLAST instrument (BLAST-TNG). BLAST-TNG is a balloon-borne submillimeter ...polarimeter designed to study magnetic fields in diffuse dust regions and molecular clouds. We present the design and performance of feedhorn-coupled, dual-polarization sensitive MKIDs fabricated from TiN/Ti multilayer films, which have been optimized for the 250
μ
m band. Measurements show effective selection of linear polarization and good electrical isolation between the orthogonally crossed
X
and
Y
detectors within a single spatial pixel. The detector cross-polar coupling is
<
3 %. Passband measurements are presented, which demonstrate that the desired band-edges (1.0–1.4 THz) have been achieved. We find a near linear response to the optical load from a blackbody source, which has been observed in previous devices fabricated from TiN. Blackbody-coupled noise measurements demonstrate that the sensitivity of the detectors is limited by photon noise when the optical load is greater than 1 pW.
Advanced ACTPol is the second-generation polarization-sensitive upgrade to the
6
m
aperture Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT), which increased detector count and frequency coverage compared to the ...previous ACTPol receiver. Advanced ACTPol utilizes a new two-stage time-division multiplexing readout architecture based on superconducting quantum interference devices to achieve a multiplexing factor as high as 64 (rows), fielding a 2012 detector camera at 150/220 GHz and two 90/150 GHz cameras containing 1716 detectors each. In a time-domain system, aliasing introduces noise to the readout. In this work we present a figure of merit to measure this noise contribution and present measurements of the aliased noise fraction of the Advanced ACTPol receiver as deployed.
We present the design and the preliminary on-sky performance with respect to beams and passbands of a multichroic polarimeter array covering the 90 and 146 GHz cosmic microwave background bands and ...its enabling broad-band optical system recently deployed on the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT). The constituent pixels are feedhorn-coupled multichroic polarimeters fabricated at NIST. This array is coupled to the ACT telescope via a set of three silicon lenses incorporating novel broad-band metamaterial anti-reflection coatings. This receiver represents the first multichroic detector array deployed for a CMB experiment and paves the way for the extensive use of multichroic detectors and broad-band optical systems in the next generation of CMB experiments.
Advanced ACTPol (AdvACT) is a third-generation polarization upgrade to the Atacama Cosmology Telescope, designed to observe the cosmic microwave background (CMB). AdvACT expands on the 90 and 150 GHz ...transition edge sensor (TES) bolometer arrays of the ACT Polarimeter (ACTPol), adding both high-frequency (HF, 150/230 GHz) and low-frequency (LF, 27/39 GHz) multichroic arrays. The addition of the high- and low-frequency detectors allows for the characterization of synchrotron and spinning dust emission at the low frequencies and foreground emission from galactic dust and dusty star-forming galaxies at the high frequencies. The increased spectral coverage of AdvACT will enable a wide range of CMB science, such as improving constraints on dark energy, the sum of the neutrino masses, and the existence of primordial gravitational waves. The LF array will be the final AdvACT array, replacing one of the MF arrays for a single season. Prior to the fabrication of the final LF detector array, we designed and characterized prototype TES bolometers. Detector geometries in these prototypes are varied in order to inform and optimize the bolometer designs for the LF array, which requires significantly lower noise levels and saturation powers (as low as
∼
1
pW) than the higher-frequency detectors. Here we present results from tests of the first LF prototype TES detectors for AdvACT, including measurements of the saturation power, critical temperature, thermal conductance, and time constants. We also describe the modifications to the time-division SQUID readout architecture compared to the MF and HF arrays.
PDF
