Zusammenfassung
Waldnaturschutz ist ein umwelt- und klimarelevantes Politikfeld, das durch starke Konflikte zwischen Schutz- und Nutzinteressen geprägt ist. Der Beitrag untersucht anhand zentraler ...Konflikte, inwieweit die Tätigkeit der Landesregierungen den konfligierenden Interessen des Naturschutz- und des Forstsektors entsprechen, und welchen Einfluss unterschiedliche politische Parteien darauf haben. Damit leistet er einen empirischen Beitrag zur Parteiendifferenztheorie in einem wenig erforschten Feld.
Die Waldpolicies zwischen 2002 und 2020 wurden nach Legislaturperioden erhoben, für die jeweils bezogen auf die Sektorinteressen ein Positionswert ermittelt wurde. Der Vergleich dieser Werte erlaubt es, Politikwandel zu identifizieren. Zur Messung des Parteieneinflusses werden Regierungsbeteiligungen und Ressortzuständigkeiten herangezogen. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass die Waldpolicies überwiegend forstlich orientiert sind, jedoch eine starke Tendenz Richtung Naturschutz zu verzeichnen ist. Naturschutzorientierten Politikwandel hat es in nahezu allen Bundesländern gegeben, in wenigen Fällen auch forstorientierten. Die Grünen haben entscheidend zum Politikwandel beigetragen, in geringerem Maße auch die SPD und in einigen Fällen CDU/CSU, die jedoch überwiegend für den Erhalt des Status quo eintraten. Damit ist eine deutliche Parteiendifferenz feststellbar. Die Messung des Parteieneinflusses durch die Ressortzuständigkeit hat sich für das stark durch ministerielle Kompetenzen geprägte Politikfeld als geeignet erwiesen. Die Parteizugehörigkeit der Minister*innen zeigt sich als bedeutender Faktor für die Policy-Orientierung des Regierungshandelns im Waldnaturschutz.
A balanced management of forest conflicts that considers both nature conservation and economic concerns requires the recognition and communication of these concerns within the decision-making ...procedures of public administration. Thus, the visibility of conflicts is an important condition for balanced conflict resolutions. The analysis of public administration forms shows, theoretically and empirically, that different patterns support the visibility of conflicts in specific ways, mainly by offering the potential for the development of independent expertise and its integration into consideration procedures. Combining different organisation forms increases the potential for balanced conflict resolutions. The effect of this potential depends on its utilization by administrative resources. In the case of administrative reform in the German federal state of Lower Saxony, the utilization of this potential was neglected, reducing the visibility of nature conservation concerns. This had far-reaching consequences for the resolution of forest conflicts. Economically-biased resolutions become camouflaged by keeping conservation issues invisible, neglecting them within administrative procedures and within the operations of forest owners whilst making legal and political claims to their consideration, so as to be able to pretend that conflict resolutions are balanced in their approach.
► The visibility of conflicts is a crucial factor for balanced conflict resolutions. ► Patterns of public administration impact on the visibility of conflicts. ► Independent expertise fosters to recognize environmental concerns. ► Cooperation procedures within public administration foster policy integration. ► Reducing conflict visibility by reforms camouflages unbalanced resolutions.
European and german spatial planning policy and agricultural policy contain the policy objective to promote sustainable land use in rural areas. Both policies promise to promote comprehensive ...developments in rural areas, aiming at ecological target states, economic development, adaptation to economic globalization processes and strengthening regional stock flows to conserve resources. Analyzing these policies by testing their policy objectives and instruments in regard to sustainable land use delivers that only less instruments can support these objectives. Most instruments focus on economic development and adaptation to economic globalization processes. Ecological target states and strengthening regional stock flows are not supported by sufficient instruments.
This paper aims at shedding light on partisan differences in forest policy by analysing whether governing parties' policy outputs are strongly orientated towards the demands of the nature ...conservation or the forestry sector. The data base encompasses four forest-related issues, relevant from 2001 to 2018 in the 16 German Bundesländer, so that more than 50 cabinets were able to be considered for analysis. The application of Qualitative Comparative Analysis allowed testing for several variables that were expected to have an impact on or even dominate partisan effects in certain configurations. The findings show that political parties do matter in forest policy. While the Green Party's policy outputs are clearly orientated towards nature conservation demands, the Christian Democratic Union/ Christian Social Union is a suitable ally for the forestry sector. The Social Democrats are between these two extremes, but closer to nature conservation in highly populated Bundesländer. Factors like forest cover or share of private forests were revealed not to be as important as political parties. We conclude that research in forest policy missed an important political factor of forest policy by neglecting the influence of political parties as a research subject.
•Political parties are the main influence in German forest policy.•Population density impacts forestry or nature conservation orientation of policies.•QCA revealed as useful method for including control variables.
While the partisan theory has already rendered initial insight on whether political parties can make a difference in environmental policy, only little is known about their influence on forest policy. ...This article attempts to reveal the role of green, left‐wing and right‐wing parties in the case of German Natura 2000 policy. By testing whether nature conservation or forest interests are strongly supported by the government policy outputs, we test the influence of the different parties that were part of 62 governments from 2004 to 2018 in 16 German Bundesländer. The results show that the German left‐wing parties take up the ideas of the nature conservation sector, while right‐wing parties foster typical forest interests. Furthermore, right‐wing parties very often maintain the policy status quo instead of making policy changes so that the implementation of the biodiversity goal of Natura 2000 often is postponed. The German Green party does not foster nature conservation interests more strongly than the SPD. Coalitions between right‐wing parties increase the chance for policy outputs that tend to favour forest interests.
The successful implementation of conservation projects depends on both effective ecological solutions and favorable political factors. The question is, whether programs like chance.natur, the German ...national program on large-scale conservation, foster such success factors within
projects. In analyzing 13 success factors, this paper identifies ten that are strengthened by the program, and three that are not yet activated. Main success factors are strong actors, professional networks, advocates, active management of a project's political environment, and financial and
labor resources. Analyzing success factors indicates not only how a program effects the implemen tation of projects, it can also be used for the future optimization of nature conservation programs and their design. The research results prove the relevance of the transdisciplinary exchange
between science and practice, which has been going on for the last 14 years.
The successful implementation of conservation projects depends on both effective ecological solutions and favorable political factors. The question is, whether programs like chance.natur, the German ...national program on large-scale conservation, foster such success factors within projects. In analyzing 13 success factors, this paper identifies ten that are strengthened by the program, and three that are not yet activated. Main success factors are strong actors, professional networks, advocates, active management of a project's political environment, and financial and labor resources. Analyzing success factors indicates not only how a program effects the implemen - tation of projects, it can also be used for the future optimization of nature conservation programs and their design. The research results prove the relevance of the transdisciplinary exchange between science and practice, which has been going on for the last 14 years. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
Voluntary agreements play a role in German biodiversity policy, which is a highly cross-sectoral policy field. We explore the question of the extent to which the choice in favour of voluntary ...agreements is affected by the interrelation of policy sectors, using the issue of invasive alien species as a case study.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The successful implementation of conservation projects depends on both effective ecological solutions and favorable political factors. The question is, whether programs like chance.natur, the German ...national program on large-scale conservation, foster such success factors within projects. In analyzing 13 success factors, this paper identifies ten that are strengthened by the program, and three that are not yet activated. Main success factors are strong actors, professional networks, advocates, active management of a project's political environment, and financial and labor resources. Analyzing success factors indicates not only how a program effects the implemen - tation of projects, it can also be used for the future optimization of nature conservation programs and their design. The research results prove the relevance of the transdisciplinary exchange between science and practice, which has been going on for the last 14 years.
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