Drawing on particular socio-economic theories, this paper discusses the implications for regional studies of the experience economy approach through the broader question of market valuation. ...Different forms of market construction are identified and compared with regard to distinct models of regional development. It is observed that most of established territorial innovation models give prominence to a technical form of market valuation driven by technological change, by localized innovative production and by the mobility of goods and services. Conversely, experiential valuation primarily points to alternative models of development focusing on the local capacity to set attractive and engaging stages and to exploit consumer mobility. While the former models have mainly been applied to export-based manufacturing, the latter have essentially been applied to leisure, entertainment and tourism activities. The second part of the paper discusses the limits of technical as well as experiential market valuation in the case of the Swiss watchmaking industry. In such a case, experience in consumption and technology in production appears as strategic economic resources but what is primarily valued is authentic watchmaking. Authenticity is regarded as a third possible form of market valuation revealing specific socio-economic and territorial dynamics. The paper finally argues that market valuation should be considered as a key issue for future understandings of economic and territorial development.
L’histoire des collections camerounaises illégalement exportées se distingue d’autres pays d’Afrique par deux éléments : la présence de trois puissances coloniales (Allemagne, France, ...Grande-Bretagne) et un contexte de forte polarisation communautaire et d’identités dans les demandes de rapatriement et de restitution. Cette note de recherche présente la démarche adoptée par le Cameroun à travers la stratégie nationale pour la mise en œuvre des activités de rapatriement des objets d’art illicitement exportés et déposés à l’étranger, afin de suivre et de contrôler, de manière concrète et prudente, les demandes issues de communautés qui ont subi des pillages.
Lipid accumulation disorders are common in psittacine birds and can be associated with changes in plasma lipoproteins, most notably low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). ...However, lipoprotein analysis by standard laboratory analyzers or an indirect method, such as the Friedewald formula, has not been validated in parrots. A research colony of 12 Quaker parrots (
) were used to compare plasma values from the Roche Cobas c501 biochemistry analyzer for total cholesterol, total triglycerides, LDL, and HDL to gel-permeation high-performance liquid chromatography (GP-HPLC). To increase sample size and broaden the analytical range to include dyslipidemic samples, 2 cross-over studies were performed on a 0.3% cholesterol diet and a 20% fat diet. Agreement between methods was assessed by linear mixed models and Bland and Altman plots. The LDL concentrations calculated by the Friedewald formula and alternative formulas, and the effects of triglycerides on the biases, were also evaluated. Forty-five plasma samples were used. The cholesterol diet induced a marked increase in cholesterol and all lipoproteins, whereas the fat diet did not lead to dyslipidemia. Direct and indirect LDL measurements obtained with the clinical analyzer were not in clinical agreement with GP-HPLC, whereas HDL had acceptable agreement for normotriglyceridemic samples. Hypertriglyceridemic plasma samples were found to interfere with lipoprotein measurements. This study found LDL measured by the Roche Cobas c501 biochemistry analyzer and indirect estimations cannot be recommended in the Quaker parrot, and non-HDL cholesterol should be used instead. Lipoprotein panels obtained from hypertriglyceridemic samples should be interpreted with care.
Animal movements, needed to acquire food resources, avoid predation risk, and find breeding partners, are influenced by annual and circadian cycles. Decisions related to movement reflect a quest to ...maximize benefits while limiting costs, especially in heterogeneous landscapes. Predation by wolves (Canis lupus) has been identified as the major driver of moose (Alces alces) habitat selection patterns, and linear features have been shown to increase wolf efficiency to travel, hunt, and kill prey. However, few studies have described moose behavioral response to roads and logging in Canada in the absence of wolves. We thus characterized temporal changes (i.e., day phases and biological periods) in eastern moose (Alces alces americana) habitat selection and space use patterns near a road network in a wolf‐free area located south of the St. Lawrence River (eastern Canada). We used telemetry data collected on 18 females between 2017 and 2019 to build resource selection functions and mixed linear regressions to explain variations in habitat selection patterns, home‐range size, and movement rates. Female moose selected forest stands providing forage when movement was not impeded by snow cover (i.e., spring/green‐up, summer/rearing, fall/rut) and stands offering protection against incidental predation during calving. In winter, home‐range size decreased with an increasing proportion of stands providing food and shelter against harsh weather, limiting the energetic costs associated with movement. Our results reaffirmed the year‐round aversive effect of roads, even in the absence of wolves, but the magnitude of this avoidance differed between day phases, being lower during the “dusk‐night‐dawn” phase, perhaps due to a lower level of human activity on and near roads. Female moose behavior in our study area was similar to what was observed in landscapes where moose and wolves cohabit, suggesting that the risk associated with humans, perceived as another type of predator, and with incidental predators (coyote Canis latrans, black bear Ursus americanus), equates that of wolf predation in heavily managed landscapes.
We characterized temporal changes in moose habitat selection and space use patterns near a road network in a wolf‐free area located in eastern Canada. Our results reaffirmed the year‐round aversive effect of roads, even in the absence of wolves, but the magnitude of this avoidance differed between day phases, being lower during the “dusk‐night‐dawn” phase, perhaps due to a lower level of human activity on and near roads. We found that moose behavior was similar to what was observed in landscapes where moose and wolves cohabit, suggesting that the risk associated with humans, perceived as another type of predator, outweighs that of wolf predation in heavily managed landscapes.
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the current literature to assess the safety of combining two biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) in the treatment of ...rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
We systematically searched for controlled studies evaluating safety in patients with RA treated with two bDMARDs independently of dose-regimen. Databases used were MEDLINE (via Pubmed), EMBase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry platform. A meta-analysis was performed between groups on combination therapy and patients on single therapy using random effects model calculating odds ratio (OR) as well as 95% confidence interval (CI). The primary outcome was the rate of serious adverse events (SAEs).
Six studies with a total of 623 patients (410 on combination therapy and 213 on single therapy) were included. Median follow-up was 9.5 months (range 6–12 months). There was a significant increase in SAEs in the combination group (14.9 vs 6.0%, OR 2.51, 95% CI 1.29–4.89, I2 0%) as well as in total adverse events (94.6 vs 89.1%, OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.11–3.86, I2 0%). When performing subgroup analysis in patients receiving only full-dose of both bDMARDs there was a significant increase in serious infections (6.7 vs 0.6%, OR 5.58, 95% CI 1.25–24.90, I2 0%) and the risk of SAEs remained significantly higher (17.1 vs 6.2%, OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.30–5.69, I2 0%).
Our findings suggest that combination therapy with two bDMARDs in RA appears to increase the risk of SAEs during the first twelve months of treatment.
Review of the structural characterization of chemokine‐GAG interfaces and how they functionally control biological activities of proteins.
Glycosaminoglycans are polysaccharides that occur both at ...the cell surface and within extracellular matrices. Through their ability to bind to a large array of proteins, almost 500 of which have been identified to date, including most chemokines, these molecules regulate key biologic processes at the cell–tissue interface. To do so, glycosaminoglycans can provide scaffolds to ensure that proteins mediating specific functions will be presented at the correct site and time and can also directly contribute to biologic activities or signaling processes. The binding of chemokines to glycosaminoglycans, which, at the biochemical level, has been mostly studied using heparin, has traditionally been thought of as a mechanism for maintaining haptotactic gradients within tissues along which cells can migrate directionally. Many aspects of chemokine–glycosaminoglycan interactions, however, also suggest that the formation of these complexes could serve additional purposes that go well beyond a simple immobilization process. In addition, progress in glycobiology has revealed that glycosaminoglycan structures, in term of length, sulfation, and epimerization pattern, are specific for cell, tissue, and developmental stage. Glycosaminoglycan regulation and glycosaminoglycan diversity, which cannot be replicated using heparin, thus suggests that these molecules may fine‐tune the immune response by selectively recruiting specific chemokines to cell surfaces. In this context, the aim of the present text is to review the chemokine–glycosaminoglycan complexes described to date and provide a critical analysis of the tools, molecules, and strategies that can be used to structurally and functionally investigate the formation of these complexes.
Intraprosthetic dislocation is a specific complication of dual mobility cups, although it occurs less frequently with the latest generations of implants. Intraprosthetic dislocation is related to ...long-term polyethylene wear of the mobile component chamfer and retentive area, leading to a snap-out of the femoral head. With the increased use of dual mobility cups, even in younger and active patients, the management of intraprosthetic dislocation should be defined according to its type. However, no previous studies, except for case reports, have described the strategy to manage long-term wear-related intraprosthetic dislocation, particularly when a dual mobility cup is not loose.
This study aimed to (1) determine the prevalence of intraprosthetic dislocation in this patient population and the macroscopic findings at the time of surgical revision and (2) evaluate whether isolated mobile component exchange could be an option to manage intraprosthetic dislocation occurring with a well-fixed dual mobility cup metal shell.
From January 1991 to December 2009, a continuous series of 5274 THAs with dual mobility cups (4546 patients; 2773 women; mean range age 58 years 22-87; bilateral THA = 728) were prospectively enrolled in our institutional total joint registry. A cementless, hemispherical dual mobility cup was systematically implanted, regardless of the patient's age or indication for THA. At the latest follow-up examination, the registry was queried to isolate each occurrence of intraprosthetic dislocation, which was retrospectively analyzed regarding the patient's demographics, indication for THA, radiographs, intraoperative findings (polyethylene wear and lesion patterns on the mobile component, periarticular metallosis, and implant damage because of intraprosthetic impingement of the femoral neck), management of intraprosthetic dislocation (isolated exchange of the mobile component or revision of the dual mobility cup), and outcome.
At a mean (range) follow-up duration of 14 years (3-26), 3% of intraprosthetic dislocations (169 of 5274) were reported, with a mean (range) time from THA of 18 years (13-22). Intraprosthetic dislocation occurred predominantly in younger men (mean range age at THA, 42 years 22-64 versus 61 years 46-87; p < 0.001, and sex ratio (male to female, 1:32 96 male and 73 female versus 0.62 1677 male and 2700 female; p < 0.001) in patients with intraprosthetic dislocation and those without, respectively, but was not influenced by the indication for THA (105 patients with intraprosthetic dislocation who underwent THA for primary hip osteoarthritis and 64 with other diagnoses versus 3146 patients without who underwent THA for primary hip osteoarthritis and 1959 for other diagnoses (p = 0.9)). In all patients with intraprosthetic dislocation, a macroscopic analysis of the explanted mobile component revealed circumferential polyethylene wear and damage to the chamfer and retentive area, with subsequent loss of retaining power for the femoral head. Nine percent of intraprosthetic dislocations (16 of 169 patients with intraprosthetic dislocations) were associated with aseptic loosening of the dual mobility cup and were managed with acetabular revision without recurrence at a mean (range) follow-up duration of 7.5 years (5-11). Ninety-one percent of intraprosthetic dislocations (153 of 169) were pure, related to wear of the mobile component chamfer and retentive area without aseptic loosening of the dual mobility cup, and managed with isolated mobile component exchange. Intraprosthetic dislocation recurred in 6% (nine of 153) at a mean (range) follow-up interval of 3 years (2-4.5). Additionally, severe premature polyethylene wear of the mobile component with loosening of the dual mobility cup occurred in 12% of patients (19 of 153) at a mean (range) follow-up duration of 1.5 years (0.5-3).
A failure rate of 18% (28 of 153 patients undergoing isolated mobile component exchange) was reported within 5 years after isolated mobile component exchange to manage intraprosthetic dislocation occurring with a well-fixed dual mobility cup metal shell. The two modes of failure were early recurrence of intraprosthetic dislocation or severe premature metallosis-related polyethylene wear of the mobile component with loosening of the dual mobility cup. Acetabular revision with synovectomy should remain the standard procedure to manage intraprosthetic dislocation, particularly if periarticular metallosis is present. The exception is intraprosthetic dislocation occurring in elderly or frail patients, for whom a conventional acetabular revision procedure would be associated with an unjustified surgical or anesthetic risk.
Level II, prognostic study.
Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) nuclear bodies (NBs) recruit multiple partners, including p53 and many of its regulators. NBs are believed to facilitate several posttranslational modifications ...and are key regulators of senescence. PML, the organizer of NBs, is expressed as a number of splice variants that all efficiently recruit p53 partners. However, overexpression of only one of them, PML IV, triggers p53-driven senescence. Here, we show that PML IV specifically binds ARF, a key p53 regulator. Similar to ARF, PML IV enhances global SUMO-1 conjugation, particularly that of p53, resulting in p53 stabilization and activation. ARF interacts with and stabilizes the NB-associated UBC9 SUMO-conjugating enzyme, possibly explaining PML IV-enhanced SUMOylation. These results unexpectedly link two key tumor suppressors, highlighting their convergence for global control of SUMO conjugation, p53 activation, and senescence induction.
Disarticulated remains of anguid lizards from the latest Early Pleistocene of the Sierra de Quibas (Abanilla, Murcia, SE Spain) are described and assigned to a new species, Ophisaurus manchenioi. ...Although Ophisaurus is still extant in subtropical humid environments in North America, Northern Africa, and Southeast Asia, the new species is the youngest known fossil representative of the genus in Europe. Analysis of the palaeobiogeographic distribution of the genus reveals that its maximum extension occurred during the Miocene, followed by a north-south withdrawal, leading to its late Pliocene restriction to the Mediterranean area. Its European extirpation occurred at ca. 1.2–0.9 Ma, after having survived in a few Early Pleistocene refugia on the southernmost Iberian Peninsula. This extirpation is coeval with the Early-Middle Pleistocene transition, an episode of major climatic change related to the intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation between 1.4 and 0.7 Ma, and which led to the disappearance of the subtropical humid forest biome at around 1.2 Ma. Based on its latitudinal withdrawal, temperature is inferred to have been an important limiting factor for the distribution of the genus Ophisaurus. However, as the climate seems never to have been very cold on the southernmost Iberian Peninsula, increasing aridity or habitat fragmentation linked to such increasing aridity may have also played a role in the extirpation of the genus Ophisaurus from Western Europe during the Early-Middle Pleistocene transition.
•A new species of anguid lizard is described from the Early Pleistocene of Spain.•It probably corresponds to the very last fossil record of the genus in Western Europe.•Its European extirpation occurred at ca. 1.2–0.9 Ma after southern prolonged survival.•Such extirpation is coeval with the Early-Middle Pleistocene transition.
Elementary mathematical functions are pervasively used in many applications such as electronic calculators, computer simulations, or critical embedded systems. Their evaluation is always an ...approximation, which usually makes use of mathematical properties, precomputed tabulated values, and polynomial approximations. Each step generally combines error of approximation and error of evaluation on finite-precision arithmetic. When they are used, tabulated values generally embed rounding error inherent to the transcendence of elementary functions. In this article, we propose a general method to use error-free values that is worthy when two or more terms have to be tabulated in each table row. For the trigonometric and hyperbolic functions, we show that Pythagorean triples can lead to such tables in little time and memory usage. When targeting correct rounding in double precision for the same functions, we also show that this method saves memory and floating-point operations by up to 29 and 42 percent, respectively.
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