DNA Copy Number Losses in Human Neoplasms Knuutila, Sakari; Aalto, Yan; Autio, Kirsi ...
The American journal of pathology,
09/1999, Letnik:
155, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This review summarizes reports of recurrent DNA sequence copy number losses in human neoplasms detected by comparative genomic hybridization. Recurrent losses that affect each of the chromosome arms ...in 73 tumor types are tabulated from 169 reports. The tables are available online at
http://www.amjpathol.org and
http://www.helsinki.fi/∼lgl_www/CMG.html. The genes relevant to the lost regions are discussed for each of the chromosomes. The review is supplemented also by a list of known and putative tumor suppressor genes and DNA repair genes (see Table 1, online). Losses are found in all chromosome arms, but they seem to be relatively rare at 1q, 2p, 3q, 5p, 6p, 7p, 7q, 8q, 12p, and 20q. Losses and their minimal common overlapping areas that were present in a great proportion of the 73 tumor entities reported in Table 2 (see online. are (in descending order of frequency): 9p23-p24 (48%), 13q21 (47%), 6q16 (44%), 6q26-q27 (44%), 8p23 (37%), 18q22-q23 (37%), 17p12-p13 (34%), 1p36.1 (34%), 11q23 (33%), 1p22 (32%), 4q32-qter (31%), 14q22-q23 (25%), 10q23 (25%), 10q25-qter (25%),15q21 (23%), 16q22 (23%), 5q21 (23%), 3p12-p14 (22%), 22q12 (22%), Xp21 (21%), Xq21 (21%), and 10p12 (20%). The frequency of losses at chromosomes 7 and 20 was less than 10% in all tumors. The chromosomal regions in which the most frequent losses are found implicate locations of essential tumor suppressor genes and DNA repair genes that may be involved in the pathogenesis of several tumor types.
We study the polarization of inclusive J/ψ produced in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrts_{NN}=5.02 TeV at the LHC in the dimuon channel, via the measurement of the angular distribution of its decay ...products. We perform the study in the rapidity region 2.5<y<4, for three transverse momentum intervals (2<p_{T}<4, 4<p_{T}<6, 6<p_{T}<10 GeV/c) and as a function of the centrality of the collision for 2<p_{T}<6 GeV/c. For the first time, the polarization is measured with respect to the event plane of the collision, by considering the angle between the positive-charge decay muon in the J/ψ rest frame and the axis perpendicular to the event-plane vector in the laboratory system. A small transverse polarization is measured, with a significance reaching 3.9σ at low p_{T} and for intermediate centrality values. The polarization could be connected with the behavior of the quark-gluon plasma, formed in Pb-Pb collisions, as a rotating fluid with large vorticity, as well as with the existence of a strong magnetic field in the early stage of its formation.
A
bstract
Understanding the production mechanism of light (anti)nuclei is one of the key challenges of nuclear physics and has important consequences for astrophysics, since it provides an input for ...indirect dark-matter searches in space. In this paper, the latest results about the production of light (anti)nuclei in pp collisions at
s
= 13 TeV are presented, focusing on the comparison with the predictions of coalescence and thermal models. For the first time, the coalescence parameters
B
2
for deuterons and
B
3
for helions are compared with parameter-free theoretical predictions that are directly constrained by the femtoscopic measurement of the source radius in the same event class. A fair description of the data with a Gaussian wave function is observed for both deuteron and helion, supporting the coalescence mechanism for the production of light (anti)nuclei in pp collisions. This method paves the way for future investigations of the internal structure of more complex nuclear clusters, including the hypertriton.
A
bstract
A measurement of the inclusive b-jet production cross section is presented in pp and p-Pb collisions at
s
NN
= 5
.
02 TeV, using data collected with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The jets ...were reconstructed in the central rapidity region
|η| <
0
.
5 from charged particles using the anti-
k
T
algorithm with resolution parameter
R
= 0
.
4. Identification of b jets exploits the long lifetime of b hadrons, using the properties of secondary vertices and impact parameter distributions. The
p
T
-differential inclusive production cross section of b jets, as well as the corresponding inclusive b-jet fraction, are reported for pp and p-Pb collisions in the jet transverse momentum range 10
≤ p
T
,
ch jet
≤
100 GeV/
c
, together with the nuclear modification factor,
R
pPb
b
−
jet
. The analysis thus extends the lower
p
T
limit of b-jet measurements at the LHC. The nuclear modification factor is found to be consistent with unity, indicating that the production of b jets in p-Pb at
s
NN
= 5
.
02 TeV is not affected by cold nuclear matter effects within the current precision. The measurements are well reproduced by POWHEG NLO pQCD calculations with PYTHIA fragmentation.
The study of the production of nuclei and antinuclei in pp collisions has proven to be a powerful tool to investigate the formation mechanism of loosely bound states in high-energy hadronic ...collisions. In this paper, the production of protons, deuterons and
3
He
and their charge conjugates at midrapidity is studied as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity in inelastic pp collisions at
s
=
5.02
TeV using the ALICE detector. Within the uncertainties, the yields of nuclei in pp collisions at
s
=
5.02
TeV are compatible with those in pp collisions at different energies and to those in p–Pb collisions when compared at similar multiplicities. The measurements are compared with the expectations of coalescence and Statistical Hadronisation Models. The results suggest a common formation mechanism behind the production of light nuclei in hadronic interactions and confirm that they do not depend on the collision energy but on the number of produced particles.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Understanding the role of parton mass and Casimir color factors in the quantum chromodynamics parton shower represents an important step in characterizing the emission properties of heavy quarks. ...Recent experimental advances in jet substructure techniques have provided the opportunity to isolate and characterize gluon emissions from heavy quarks. In this Letter, the first direct experimental constraint on the charm-quark splitting function is presented, obtained via the measurement of the groomed shared momentum fraction of the first splitting in charm jets, tagged by a reconstructed D^{0} meson. The measurement is made in proton-proton collisions at sqrts=13 TeV, in the low jet transverse-momentum interval of 15≤p_{T}^{jet ch}<30 GeV/c where the emission properties are sensitive to parton mass effects. In addition, the opening angle of the first perturbative emission of the charm quark, as well as the number of perturbative emissions it undergoes, is reported. Comparisons to measurements of an inclusive-jet sample show a steeper splitting function for charm quarks compared with gluons and light quarks. Charm quarks also undergo fewer perturbative emissions in the parton shower, with a reduced probability of large-angle emissions.
Electrophysiological Characteristics of Fetal Atrioventricular Block Zhao, Hui, PhD; Cuneo, Bettina F., MD; Strasburger, Janette F., MD ...
Journal of the American College of Cardiology,
2008, 2008-01-01, 2008-Jan-01, 2008-01-00, 20080101, Letnik:
51, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Electrophysiological Characteristics of Fetal Atrioventricular Block Hui Zhao, Bettina F. Cuneo, Janette F. Strasburger, James C. Huhta, Nina L. Gotteiner, Ronald T. Wakai Using serial ...magnetocardiography to define the electrophysiological characteristics of congenital atrioventricular block (AVB) in 28 fetuses, we found that fetuses with second-degree AVB or isolated third-degree (3°) AVB commonly exhibited complex, changing heart rate and rhythm patterns and had good outcomes. Of fetuses with structural cardiac disease, those with 3° AVB exhibited largely monotonous heart rate and rhythm patterns and poorer prognosis. Junctional ectopic tachycardia and/or ventricular tachycardia, which were not generally identified before referral, were seen in 30% of 3° AVB subjects, usually before 30 weeks’ gestation, and may be characteristic of an acute stage of 3° AVB.
The production of the ψ(2S) charmonium state was measured with ALICE in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrts_{NN}=5.02 TeV, in the dimuon decay channel. A significant signal was observed for the first time at ...LHC energies down to zero transverse momentum, at forward rapidity (2.5<y<4). The measurement of the ratio of the inclusive production cross sections of the ψ(2S) and J/ψ resonances is reported as a function of the centrality of the collisions and of transverse momentum, in the region p_{T}<12 GeV/c. The results are compared with the corresponding measurements in pp collisions, by forming the double ratio σ^{ψ(2S)}/σ^{J/ψ}_{Pb-Pb}/σ^{ψ(2S)}/σ^{J/ψ}_{pp}. It is found that in Pb-Pb collisions the ψ(2S) is suppressed by a factor of ∼2 with respect to the J/ψ. The ψ(2S) nuclear modification factor R_{AA} was also obtained as a function of both centrality and p_{T}. The results show that the ψ(2S) resonance yield is strongly suppressed in Pb-Pb collisions, by a factor of up to ∼3 with respect to pp. Comparisons of cross section ratios with previous Super Proton Synchrotron findings by the NA50 experiment and of R_{AA} with higher-p_{T} results at LHC energy are also reported. These results and the corresponding comparisons with calculations of transport and statistical models address questions on the presence and properties of charmonium states in the quark-gluon plasma formed in nuclear collisions at the LHC.
The transverse-momentum (p_{T}) spectra and coalescence parameters B_{2} of (anti)deuterons are measured in p-p collisions at sqrts=13 TeV for the first time in and out of jets. In this measurement, ...the direction of the leading particle with the highest p_{T} in the event (p_{T}^{lead}>5 GeV/c) is used as an approximation for the jet axis. The event is consequently divided into three azimuthal regions, and the jet signal is obtained as the difference between the toward region, that contains jet fragmentation products in addition to the underlying event (UE), and the transverse region, which is dominated by the UE. The coalescence parameter in the jet is found to be approximately a factor of 10 larger than that in the underlying event. This experimental observation is consistent with the coalescence picture and can be attributed to the smaller average phase-space distance between nucleons in the jet cone as compared with the underlying event. The results presented in this Letter are compared to predictions from a simple nucleon coalescence model, where the phase-space distributions of nucleons are generated using pythia8 with the Monash 2013 tuning, and to predictions from a deuteron production model based on ordinary nuclear reactions with parametrized energy-dependent cross sections tuned on data. The latter model is implemented in pythia8.3. Both models reproduce the observed large difference between in-jet and out-of-jet coalescence parameters, although the almost flat trend of the B_{2}^{Jet} is not reproduced by the models, which instead give a decreasing trend.
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