The purpose of our study was to investigate the usefulness of MRI in assessing capsular laxity in patients with recurrent shoulder dislocation.
The records of 64 consecutive patients (the study group ...consisted of 58 patients, 45 male and 13 female; average age, 39.3 years; range, 13-82 years) who underwent MR arthrography between October 2002 and May 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into three groups: group A, no shoulder dislocation; group B, first dislocation; and group C, recurrent dislocation. The maximum capsular widths at the anterior, anteroinferior, and inferior regions in the neutral and abducted and externally rotated (ABER) positions were measured on oblique sagittal images. The relationship of capsular width with the number of dislocations, type of capsular attachment, presence of anteroinferior labral tear, and patient sex were evaluated. The sensitivity and specificity of MRI and clinical tests in detecting capsular laxity were also calculated.
Among all three patient groups, there were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the widths with the shoulder in the ABER position and the degree of capsular tightening at the anterior region. The average maximum width was largest in group C and smallest in group A. There was a significant difference in the degree of anterior capsular tightening in groups B and C. A moderate correlation of capsular width and anterior tightening (R = -0.45) with number of shoulder dislocations was found. There was a significant difference in capsular width and capsular tightening in relation to the presence of an anteroinferior labral tear. The sensitivity and specificity to detect capsular laxity were 92% and 100%, respectively, for clinical tests and 85% and 96% for MRI.
MRI is a useful and objective method to assess capsular laxity in patients with recurrent shoulder dislocation.
Aqueous solutions of 200–1000
mg/L of ammonia were oxidized in a trickle-bed reactor using Cu-activated carbon fiber (ACF) catalysts, which were prepared by incipient wet impregnation with aqueous ...solutions of copper nitrate that was deposited on ACF substrates. The results reveal that the conversion of ammonia by wet oxidation in the presence of Cu-ACF catalysts was a function of the metal loading weight ratio of the catalyst. The total conversion efficiency of ammonia was 95% during wet oxidation over the catalyst at 463
K at an oxygen partial pressure of 3.0
MPa. Moreover, the effect of the initial concentration of ammonia and the reaction temperature on the removal of ammonia from the effluent streams was also studied at a liquid space velocity of less than 3.0
h
−1.
We observed that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) inhibited the growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cells, but not those transfected with HER2/NEU or its transactivating ligand HEREGULIN. This suggests that ...Her2/neu causes breast cancer cells to be resistant to the growth inhibitory effects of ATRA. To confirm this observation, MDA-MB-453 and BT-474 cells, which have high levels of Her2/neu and are resistant to ATRA, were incubated with the trastuzumab (Herceptin) antibody so that we could determine whether inhibition of the expression and function of Her2/neu would resensitize these cells to ATRA. Indeed, we found that MDA-MB-453 and BT-474 cells treated with trastuzumab were growth inhibitory by ATRA. We then determined whether Her2/neu uses Grb2 and Akt proteins to induce ATRA resistance. Liposome-incorporated Grb2 antisense oligonucleotides (L-Grb2) and a dominant negative (DN) AKT mutant were used to down-regulate Grb2 expression and inhibit Akt activity, respectively. When incubated with L-Grb2 or transfected with the DN AKT mutant, ATRA-resistant, Her2/neu-overexpressing cells became sensitive to ATRA. Our results indicate that Her2/neu utilizes Grb2 and Akt proteins to induce ATRA resistance in breast cancer cells. ATRA sensitivity was also correlated with RARalpha protein levels since higher RARalpha protein levels were observed in cells in which the Her2/neu pathway was inhibited.
HER-2/ neu -overexpressing
breast cancer cells are more resistant to the chemotherapeutic agent
paclitaxel (Taxol) than low-HER-2/ neu -expressing breast
cancer cells, and the adenoviral type 5 E1A ...can
down-regulate HER-2/ neu overexpression. Therefore, in
this study, we asked ( a ) whether E1A
might sensitize response to paclitaxel in human
HER-2/ neu -overexpressing ovarian cancer cells, and, if
so, what is the mechanism responsible; and (b) whether this enhanced
chemosensitivity would translate into a therapeutic effect in an
ovarian cancer xenograft model. Consequently, we demonstrated that:
( a ) adenovirus type 5 E1A could enhance
the sensitivity of paclitaxel in paclitaxel-resistant
HER-2/ neu -overexpressing human ovarian cancer cells
in vitro by inducing apoptosis, ( b ) this
induction was heavily dependent on activation of the caspase-3 pathway,
and ( c ) nude mice bearing i.p.
HER-2/ neu -overexpressing human ovarian cancer cells and
treated with both paclitaxel and E1A gene therapy
survived significantly longer than did mice treated only with
paclitaxel or E1A gene therapy. Thus, we concluded that
the E1A gene enhanced both the in vitro
and in vivo sensitivity of paclitaxel in
paclitaxel-resistant HER-2/ neu -overexpressing ovarian
cancer SKOV3.ip1 cells. Because a Phase I clinical trial using
E1A gene targeted to HER-2/ neu
down-regulation has recently been completed, the current study also
provided a scientific basis to further develop a novel therapy that
combines paclitaxel and E1A gene therapy and its testing
in a Phase II trial.
Background: We investigated whether the effect of air pollution on daily mortality is enhanced by high temperatures in Wuhan, China, using data from 2001 to 2004. Wuhan has been called an "oven" city ...because of its hot summers. Approximately 4.5 million permanent residents live in the 201-km² core area of the city. Method: We used a generalized additive model to analyze pollution, mortality, and covariate data. The estimates of the interaction between high temperature and air pollution were obtained from the main effects and pollutant-temperature interaction models. Results: We observed effects of consistently and statistically significant interactions between particulate matter ≤ 10 μm (PM₁₀) and temperature on daily nonaccidental (p = 0.014), cardiovascular (p = 0.007), and cardiopulmonary (p = 0.014) mortality. The PM₁₀ effects were strongest on extremely high-temperature days (daily average temperature, 33.1°C), less strong on extremely low-temperature days (2.2°C), and weakest on normal-temperature days (18.0°C). The estimates of the mean percentage of change in daily mortality per 10-μg/m³ increase in PM₁₀ concentrations at the average of lags 0 and 1 day during hot temperature were 2.20% (95% confidence interval), 0.74-3.68) for nonaccidental, 3.28% (1.24-5.37) for cardiovascular, 2.35% (-0.03 to 4.78) for stroke, 3.31% (-0.22 to 6.97) for cardiac, 1.15% (-3.54% to 6.07) for respiratory, and 3.02% (1.03-5.04) for cardiopulmonary mortality. Conclusions: We found synergistic effects of PM₁₀ and high temperatures on daily nonaccidental, cardiovascular, and cardiopulmonary mortality in Wuhan.
Transition metal oxides belong to a class of versatile materials that are vitally important for developing new materials with functionality and smartness. Research on manganese oxides has been a key ...topic among studies on transition metal oxides. This is due to their potential applications in diverse areas, including rechargeable lithium ion batteries, catalysis, molecular adsorption, gas sensors, energy storage, and magnetics. In this review, we will elucidate in detail various characterization strategies, including temperature-dependent growth, micro/nanostructures, Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and electron spin resonance, for Mn2O3 nanocrystals, highlighting contributions from our laboratory. This review article mainly focuses on the wide-ranging research effort on the development of preparation methodologies and the assessment of various characterization strategies in Mn2O3 nanomaterials. The main purpose is to provide the readers a comprehensive understanding of the research progress of manganese oxides. This is an interdisciplinary work that integrates the areas of physics, chemistry, materials science, and nanotechnology.
A novel octa-band LV-shape printed monopole antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW), using two inverted-L strips and a LV-shape radiating stub is proposed and investigated. The proposed antenna has ...a simple planar structure and occupies area of 30 × 35 mm
2
on the system circuit board of the portable communication devices. The simulated and measured octa-band monopole antenna frequencies cover the GSM850/900/1800/1900/DCS/PCS/UMTS and WLAN (2.4 GHz, 5.2 GHz and 5.8 GHz) band operations for S
11
≤ - 10 dB. The
measured peak gains are 3, 2.33, 5, and 3.3 dBi with sufficient bandwidths to cover modern portable communication devices. The simulated and measured results show a good agreement. This proposed antenna with multiband, broadband matched impedance, stable radiation patterns, constant antenna
gains and compact size is suitable for multi-mode applications.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Hesperetin-5,7,3'-
-trimethylether (HTME), a synthetic liposoluble hesperetin, has been reported to be a dual phosphodiesterase (PDE)3/4 inhibitor. We investigated its inhibitory effects on ...methacholine (MCh)-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and its potential for treating atypical asthma and COPD.
FlexiVent system was used to determine AHR in ovalbumin (OVA) sensitized and challenged mice. Determination of cytokines was performed by using mouse T helper (Th)1/Th2 cytokine CBA kits, and of total immunoglobulin (Ig)E and OVA-specific IgE using ELISA kits. The number of inflammatory cells was counted using a hemocytometer. Xylazine/ketamine-induced anesthesia was to assess nausea, vomiting, and gastric hypersecretion in these mice.
HTME dually and competitively inhibited PDE3/4 activities in the Lineweaver-Burk analysis. HTME (30 and 100 μmol/kg) dose-dependently and significantly decreased the airway resistance (R
) and increased lung dynamic compliance (C
) values induced by MCh. It significantly suppressed numbers of total inflammatory cells and neutrophils, and levels of cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). HTME dose-dependently and significantly inhibited total and OVA-specific IgE levels in the BALF and serum. However, HTME did not influence xylazine/ketamine-induced anesthesia.
HTME exerted anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator effects and may be useful in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and allergic atypical asthma with no gastrointestinal side effects.
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