The LOw Cost Upper atmosphere Sounder (LOCUS) mission has a core objective of probing the Earths meso-sphere and low thermosphere (MLT) region using THz receivers combined with an infrared (IR) ...filter radiometer. This will give the first comprehensive data on the energy balance and chemical processes in the MLT from direct detection, including the important atomic oxygen which until now has never been mapped by remote sensing measurements. The payload and mission design concept has very recently, and very successfully, concluded an ESA sponsored phase A0 study, led by SSTL. It is essential to build upon this success and to maintain the mission momentum towards achieving a high readiness level (TRL) and eventual flight. A key step in this process is the demonstration and proof of operation of the THz payload in a representative environment (towards TRL 6). We therefore have begun working on a hi-fidelity breadboard of the LOCUS payload suitable for both extensive laboratory and environmental testing, and with a potential for deployment on a high-altitude platform, such as NASAs Global Hawk. The latter will prove the system technical operation in a closely representative environment, and will return valuable and useful scientific data. The breadboard will consist of the system primary antenna; optical bench; one or more THz receivers; back-end electronics, and a physical realisation of the spacecraft payload bay. An extensive test programme will be undertaken to raise the payload and receiver system towards level 6, and we will seek opportunities to test the system in an observational campaign.
Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favorable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.-United Nations, Universal Declaration of Human Rights ...(1948)
The concentration of soluble glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein and the specific activity of glutamine synthetase (GS) were estimated in 11 central nervous system (CNS) regions of the 90-day-old ...rat. Marked differences were observed in the regional distribution of these astrocyte marker proteins. The striatum and spinal cord contained the lowest concentration (per g wet weight) of GFA protein and GS activity, respectively, while the olfactory bulbs had the highest level of both astrocytic proteins. Differences between the lowest and the highest values were 3-fold for GS and 4-fold for GFA protein. More significant was the marked variation in the ratio of GS to GFA protein in different CNS regions; the highest and lowest values were in the striatum and the spinal cord respectively, and the difference between the highest and the lowest value was about 5-fold. The spinal cord contained low GS and high GFA protein; on the other hand, the colliculi had high GS and relatively low GFA protein. Immunochemical detection of GS and GFA proteins in whole homogenates of different regions showed that the variation of the specific activities of GS and the concentration of soluble GFA protein were due to the differences in their absolute protein concentrations. In different regions of the brain the activity of GS was significantly correlated with that of glutamate decarboxylase, but not with that of choline acetyltransferase. These observations provide further evidence for differing biochemical properties of astrocytes from various CNS regions and for the involvement of GS in processes associated with amino acid neurotransmission.
Offers recommendations from a working group convened during an interdisciplinary conference held Apr 2001 at Fordham U's School of Law (New York, NY) entitled, "Achieving Justice: Parents and the ...Child Welfare System." Directed at the judiciary & family courts, several systemic changes & process-oriented reforms are suggested. Also debated is the need for a substantive definition of justice for parents, the level of involvement of family court judges in child protection cases, & the need for additional judicial resources & training. K. Hyatt Stewart
Age-matched male CBA mice on a conventional or a vitamin A acetate (VAOAc)-rich diet were immunized with irradiated cloned 3-methylcholanthrene- or Harvey sarcoma virus-induced (McSa-1 or HT3-2.1) ...sarcoma cells and then challenged with viable corresponding or unrelated (non-crossreacting) syngeneic sarcoma cells. The survival of the specifically immunized mice on the VAOAc diet was significantly prolonged in comparison with all control groups of mice as assessed by using logrank tests. Moreover, the specific immunization markedly decreased the incidence of tumors after the McSa-1 (but not HT3-2.1) challenge in a group of mice on the VAOAc diet (5% tumor incidence) compared with the equivalent group on the control diet (50% tumor incidence). Neither the VAOAc diet nor in vivo immunization alone or combined influenced natural killer cell activity. Specific T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity after in vivo priming and in vitro boosting with sarcoma cells was increased in VAOAc-fed mice. However, the marginal increase in cytotoxicity does not in itself explain the strikingly increased resistance to tumor transplants in preimmunized mice on the VAOAc diet in comparison with preimmunized mice on the control diet. The results indicate that a diet enriched in VAOAc can modify the ability of the immune system of a mouse to respond effectively to tumor antigens and can influence whether a tumor grows or regresses.
Who's Asking the Questions? Hunt, Noelle; Luck, Caroline
Use of Language Across the Primary Curriculum,
1998
Book Chapter
Pay attention! Listen carefully! I'm going to ask you some questions.
In the classroom, who asks questions at an average rate of one every twelve seconds? Yes, perhaps a little uneasily, we should ...all have our hands up as we know the answer to be ourselves-the teachers. Not only do teachers take the major role in asking questions, but these tend to be low-level questions which only require recall of factual information.
(Reid et al. 1989:53)
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