Résumé
Dans le domaine des transformations de la vie familiale, le passé est particulièrement déterminant de l’avenir, ce qui confère à l’approche longitudinale un caractère essentiel pour l’analyse. ...Non seulement faut-il suivre les diverses transitions qui modifient les trajectoires conjugales et parentales des individus, mais encore faut-il puiser à travers l’histoire des générations, puisque le déroulement de la vie familiale des enfants est intimement lié aux trajectoires antérieures de leurs deux parents. C’est ce que les auteures de cet article ont choisi d’illustrer en examinant le devenir familial des enfants qui naissent dans une famille déjà recomposée puisque l’un de leurs deux parents ou les deux ont eu des enfants issus d’unions antérieures. Il en ressort que la probabilité pour ces enfants de connaître une vie familiale stable variera selon le profil de cette famille recomposée dite « complexe » qui est la leur.
The goal of the EXport Processes in the Ocean from RemoTe Sensing (EXPORTS) field campaign is to develop a predictive understanding of the export, fate, and carbon cycle impacts of global ocean net ...primary production. To accomplish this goal, observations of export flux pathways, plankton community composition, food web processes, and optical, physical, and biogeochemical (BGC) properties are needed over a range of ecosystem states. Here we introduce the first EXPORTS field deployment to Ocean Station Papa in the Northeast Pacific Ocean during summer of 2018, providing context for other papers in this special collection. The experiment was conducted with two ships: a Process Ship, focused on ecological rates, BGC fluxes, temporal changes in food web, and BGC and optical properties, that followed an instrumented Lagrangian float; and a Survey Ship that sampled BGC and optical properties in spatial patterns around the Process Ship. An array of autonomous underwater assets provided measurements over a range of spatial and temporal scales, and partnering programs and remote sensing observations provided additional observational context. The oceanographic setting was typical of late-summer conditions at Ocean Station Papa: a shallow mixed layer, strong vertical and weak horizontal gradients in hydrographic properties, sluggish sub-inertial currents, elevated macronutrient concentrations and low phytoplankton abundances. Although nutrient concentrations were consistent with previous observations, mixed layer chlorophyll was lower than typically observed, resulting in a deeper euphotic zone. Analyses of surface layer temperature and salinity found three distinct surface water types, allowing for diagnosis of whether observed changes were spatial or temporal.The 2018 EXPORTS field deployment is among the most comprehensive biological pump studies ever conducted. A second deployment to the North Atlantic Ocean occurred in spring 2021, which will be followed by focused work on data synthesis and modeling using the entire EXPORTS data set.
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