The purpose of this paper is to develop a comprehensive model and investigate the relationship between identified factors of green marketing strategies and green consumer behavior, such as green ...brand positioning (GBP), green brand knowledge (GBK), attitude toward green brands (ATGB), willingness to pay (WTP) a premium, and green purchase intention (GPI). A questionnaire survey was deployed to collect data from the young consumers, from 600 students studying at nine state universities of India by employing stratified random sampling method. The results of the study suggest that a firm's green marketing strategies had an impact on green consumer behavior. The study found that GBP and GBK affect consumers green brand attitudes separately. Similarly, consumers green brand attitudes influence GPI. Meanwhile, WTP premium significantly moderates relationship between attitude toward green brand and GPI. The findings of this study suggest that marketing managers should consider a firm's GBP strategy as an important component in developing promotional messages that generate positive customer responses to the firm's green initiatives. A well‐implemented GBP strategy can lead to a more favorable GBK among consumers. As a result, it would assist in the development and promotion of green brands for businesses.
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to perform a psychometric evaluation of the internal green marketing (IGM) scale in the context of consumer, industrial and service industry from a developing ...economy. Drawing on IGM theory, this study validates the measurement scales to operationalize IGM as green internal communication (GIC), green skill development (GSD) and green rewards (GRs).Design/methodology/approachThe sample was drawn from the consumer, industrial and service industries in Jammu and Kashmir, India, using a random sampling method. Data were collected from consumer, industrial and service industries in two phases through a self-administrated questionnaire-based survey. In total, 137 managers responded during the first phase, and 368 managers responded during the second phase. During the first phase, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to uncover the underlying dimensions of IGM, and during the second phase, data were analyzed to test the validity of the IGM scale through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).FindingsEFA suggested a three-dimension scale (green internal communication (GIC), green skill development (GSD), and green rewards (GR)) which was confirmed by CFA. The findings of the study demonstrate that IGM is a valid and reliable scale to capture the individual-level perception of the employees with respect to the green internal marketing of an organization.Practical implicationsThis paper is expected to provide valuable insights into the area of internal green marketing (IGM) about an industry that can be of immense help to domestic and international marketers in formulating human resource (HR)/marketing strategies. Further, it provides a wide-ranging scale that can act as a base for future research studies that aim to explore internal green marketing (IGM) in different organizational settings.Originality/valueIGM is embedded in three underlying elements as GIC, GSD and GRs. It is suitable to the practitioner and researchers to operationalize IGM as a second-order construct in future studies.
PurposeThe United Nation's 2030 mission provides scholars, practitioners and governments with a valuable framework to direct their research in a way that tackles societal issues. Towards this aim, ...some key Sustainable Development Goals focus on improving the well-being of humans and societies; however, the literature dealing with individual financial well-being is still underdeveloped and fragmented. To address this significant research gap, this paper reviews the literature on financial well-being. It provides an in-depth analysis of different theories, mediators and moderators employed in financial well-being studies to deepen the theoretical framework and widen the scope of financial well-being research.Design/methodology/approachUsing the Web of Science Core Collection database (WoS), the literature on financial well-being was reviewed (n = 32) following a systematic review approach.FindingsFindings revealed that (a) there is a limited application of theories in financial well-being studies (n = 19) with the majority of studies (n = 15) employing only one theory; (b) twenty-one different theories were used with the maximum number of theories employed by any study was four; (c) the theory of planned behavior was the most commonly used (n = 4); (d) While a reasonable number of studies examine mediators and moderators in antecedents-financial well-being relationships, studies examining mediators and moderators relationships in financial well-being-outcomes relationships are limited. Based on these findings, this review identified a need for future theory-based financial well-being research and examining the role of underlying and intervening mechanisms in antecedents-financial well-being-outcomes relationships.Originality/valueThe study concludes by suggesting some relevant theories and prospective variables that can explain potential financial well-being relationships. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first review on the use of theories, mediators and moderators in financial well-being studies.
This article is about making correction in Tarray, Singh, and Zaizai model and further improving it when stratified random sampling is necessary. This is done by using optional randomized response ...technique in stratified sampling using a combination of Mangat and Singh, Mangat, and Greenberg et al. models. The suggested model has been studied assuming proportional and Neyman allocation schemes. Numerical results show larger gains in efficiency. Through a detailed numerical study, it is established that the suggested model is relatively more efficient than the Kim and Warde model and the models mentioned above.
The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between perceived occupational stress and psychological well-being among secondary school heads in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. A sample of 402 ...secondary school heads (male n = 260, female n = 142) was selected through multistage sampling technique. A descriptive, quantitative and correlative research design was used. For gathering information from the participants, two standardized tools i.e., "Occupational Stress Index (OSI)" and "Ryff's Psychological Wellbeing Scale (RPWB)" were used for measuring perceived occupational stress and psychological well-being respectively. For statistical analysis, mean, standard deviation, Pearson's product-moment correlation and multiple regression were employed. The findings revealed that there is a strong negative correlation between perceived occupational stress and psychological well-being. Furthermore, moderate negative correlation was found between all the sub-scales of perceived occupational stress and psychological well-being. All the subscales of occupational stress except low status were found significant predictors and have negative effect on psychological well-being of secondary school heads. So, it was suggested that Elementary & Secondary Education Department Khyber Pakhtunkhwa should have a collaboration with policy makers to formulate a comprehensive strategy for stress reduction management for secondary school heads so that they may develop good psychological well-being and perform their duties effectively.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Since advanced technologies via social media, internet, virtual communities and networks and internet of things (IoT), there are more multi-view data to be collected. Multi-view clustering is a ...substantial tool as a natural design for clustering multi-view data. K-means (KM) clustering for (single-view) data had been extended for handling multi-view data, called multi-view KM (MV-KM). In the literature, most MV-KM clustering algorithms are reported to be influenced by initializations and also need a given number of clusters. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised type of MV-KM clustering algorithm so that it can automatically find an optimal number of clusters without any initialization. We call it unsupervised MV-KM (U-MV-KM). Moreover, we also propose three multi-view cluster validity indices, called multi-view Dunn index (MV-Dunn), multi-view generalized Dunn index (MV-G-Dunn) and multi-view modified Dunn (MV-M-Dunn) indices for MV-KM clustering algorithms. We make experiments on some synthetic and real data sets and also make comparisons with some existing algorithms. Based on the experimental results and comparisons, the proposed U-MV-KM clustering algorithm actually shows good results. We also apply U-MV-KM to real data sets, the results demonstrate the superiority and usefulness of the U-MV-KM algorithm for clustering multi-view data.
The study investigated the association between emotional intelligence and academic success among undergraduates of Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Pakistan. A sample of 186 students ...who were enrolled during the semester Fall 2015 to Spring 2018 was selected through a random sampling technique. A cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational research methods were employed in this study. A standardized tool "Emotional Intelligence Scale" was employed for the collection of information from the undergraduates. Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) of the students was considered as academic success. Data were collected through personal visits. Statistical tools i.e., simple percentage, mean, standard deviation, ANOVA, Pearson's product-moment correlation and multiple linear regression were employed to reach the desired research outcomes. The findings revealed that there was a strong positive relationship (r = 0.880) between emotional intelligence and academic success among undergraduate students. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that self-development (Beta = 0.296), emotional stability (Beta = 0.197), managing relations (Beta = 0.170), altruistic behaviour (Beta = 0.145), and commitment (Beta = 0.117) predict academic success of undergraduates positively. The findings suggest that the emotional intelligence of the undergraduate students may be further improved so that their academic performance may further be enhanced.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Emotional intelligence is extremely indispensable in functioning leadership positions as leaders wish everybody to fulfill his/her responsibilities and obligations effectively while job satisfaction ...has a direct association with the productivity and efficiency of an organization and also to individuals' success. Therefore, this cross-sectional study examined the relationship between emotional intelligence and job satisfaction among secondary schools heads in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. For this investigation, a total of 402 out of 884 secondary school heads were taken as a sample using a multistage sampling technique. The study was correlative, descriptive, and quantitative in nature, and survey research designed was used for collecting information from the participants. Statistical tools, i.e. mean, standard deviation, Pearson's product-moment correlation, multiple linear regression, and analysis of variance, were applied. The findings showed that there was a moderate positive correlation between emotional intelligence and job satisfaction. Additionally, there was a moderate positive correlation between all the subdimensions of emotional intelligence and job satisfaction except emotional stability, where the correlation was also positive and the effect size weak. Furthermore, five dimensions of emotional intelligence such as managing relations, emotional stability, self-development, integrity, and altruistic behavior were found significant predictors of job satisfaction. Therefore, it is imperative to concentrate on those practices that promote emotional intelligence among secondary school heads.
Abstract
In recent decades, temperature variations have significantly affected the ecosystem and human livelihood in Pakistan. The wavelet analysis is employed to identify the associations between ...regional temperature change and global teleconnections, i.e. Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), Arctic Oscillation (AO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Tropical Northern Atlantic Index (TNA), Pacific/North American Index (PNA), North Pacific Pattern (NP), Western Pacific Index (WP), and Western Hemisphere Warm Pool (WHWP). This paper first uses monotonic modified Mann–Kendall and Sen’s slope estimator to compute the temperature changes in Pakistan and its homogenous climatic regions during 1960–2020. It is found that the temperature in Pakistan has increased significantly at 0.23 °C dec
−1
in the last 62 years, which is also higher than the global average increase. This increase is more evident in region IV and V in spring at 0.63 and 0.43 °C dec
−1
respectively, followed by summer and autumn. Temperature changes in Pakistan and its sub-regions are mainly associated with NP, WP and WHWP with higher mean significant coherences. Overall, temperature changes are significantly influenced by multiple interactions of global teleconnections, and these combinations indicate that the integrated influence of teleconnections can better explain the regional temperature changes. The teleconnections with broader significant influence over Pakistan are NP + WP + WHWP, followed by Pacific-based (ENSO, PDO, and PNA), and Atlantic-based (AMO, AO, and NAO) indices as revealed by the mean significant coherences of 0.82, 0.82 and 0.72 respectively. Annually, AMO, TNA and WHWP showed significant correlation with higher magnitudes of 0.44, 0.42 and 0.20 respectively, indicating the modulation effect of these teleconnections on temperature changes over Pakistan. The combined impacts from the various teleconnections represent a considerable advancement in the accuracy of significant temperature variations over the country. These findings have significant implications for policymakers in terms of better planning and policies in light of climate change as well as atmospheric circulation variability.
Having an extreme topography and heterogeneous climate, the Upper Indus Basin (UIB) is more likely to be affected by climate change and it is a crucial area for climatological studies. Based on the ...monthly minimum temperature (Tmin), maximum temperature (Tmax) and precipitation from nine meteorological stations, the spatiotemporal variability of temperature and precipitation were analyzed on monthly, seasonal, and annual scales. Results show a widespread significant increasing trend of 0.14 °C/decade for Tmax, but a significant decreasing trend of −0.08 °C/decade for Tmin annually, during 1955–2016 for the UIB. Seasonally, warming in Tmax is stronger in winter and spring, while the cooling in Tmin is greater in summer and autumn. Results of seasonal Tmax indicate increasing trends in winter, spring and autumn at rates of 0.38, 0.35 and 0.05 °C/decade, respectively, while decreasing in summer with −0.14 °C/decade. Moreover, seasonal Tmin results indicate increasing trends in winter and spring at rates of 0.09 and 0.08 °C/decade, respectively, while decreasing significantly in summer and autumn at rates of −0.21 and −0.22 °C/decade respectively for the whole the UIB. Precipitation exhibits an increasing trend of 2.74 mm/decade annually, while, increasing in winter, summer and autumn at rates of 1.18, 2.06 and 0.62 mm/decade respectively. The warming in Tmax and an increase in precipitation have been more distinct since the mid-1990s, while the cooling in Tmin is observed in the UIB since the mid-1980s. Warming in the middle and higher altitude (1500–2800 m and >2800 m) are much stronger, and the increase is more obvious in regions with elevation >2800 m. The wavelet analysis illustrated sporadic inter-annual covariance of seasonal Tmax, Tmin and precipitation with ENSO, NAO, IOD and PDO in the UIB. The periodicities were usually constant over short timescales and discontinuous over longer timescales. This study offers a better understanding of the local climate characteristics and provides a scientific basis for government policymakers.
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