Transport sector is a vital aspect of economic and environment. However, it drastically contributes desirable and undesirable outputs to the economy and the environment due to its rapid development. ...Thus, transport efficiency related to the economy and the environment needs to be measured. Unlike existing studies that investigate environmental and economic impacts separately, this study analyzes the joint effect of economic and environmental factors. Furthermore, the role of transport-related climate change mitigation technology is also investigated using five inputs and three outputs for the period 2000 to 2020 for 35 OECD countries. This study employs two approaches: first, data envelopment analysis based on slack-based measure (DEA-SBM), and second, an advanced econometric method, i.e., cross-sectional dependence autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL). DEA-SBM shows that all countries are efficient-related economic and environmental effects through the transport sector. CS-ARDL shows that transport-related climate change mitigation technology has a remarkable impact on efficiency levels. Moreover, the joint effect of environmental research and development and climate change mitigation technologies adversely impacts transport efficiency. Climate change mitigation technology related to air has a higher impact than railway and road on economic and environmental transport efficiency. Findings suggest that countries should focus on policy implications regarding transport inputs and desirable and undesirable outputs.
Taguchi-based experimental design technique has been a major research area for making systematic approaches to understand the complex process of ball mill process parameters influencing on the ...synthesis of ultrafine silica sand monolayer degradation. To determine an optimal setting, Taguchi coupled optimization technique has been applied with a novel approach as there is no previous work focusing on the synthesis of ultrafine silica sand taking in account the ball milling process parameters and Taguchi coupled optimization techniques. The high-grade silica was milled in planetary ball mill and the selected samples were passed through washing, crushing, dehydrating, meshing and drying operations. The samples were analyzed using Malvern Instruments for particle size distribution. The experiments were conducted as per Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array. Process parameters were analyzed using the signal-to-noise ratio based on the-smaller-the-better approach. To minimize the effect of uncontrollable variables, The ANOVA results determined the significance of the influential controllable variables so that the variability in the response is small. Optimization results confirmed that the balls to powder weight ratio were the most influential process parameter. The optimum process parameters setting concluded that balls to powder weight ratio are 20:1, the optimum ball mill working capacity is 2 L while the optimum speed of the ball mill is 105 rpm. Using SEM characterization, the improved particles of silica sand presented a spherical shape with a cluster. Using TEM of different structures of the ultrafine silica sand containing asymmetrical characteristics of particles confirmed the solid form of the ultrafine silica sand.
The values of dn/dT for thermally evaporated WO 3 thin films were found to be negative either in the heating cycle (295-373 K) or in the cooling cycle (100-300 K ) and were found to be of order of 10 ...−5 K −1 . On the other hand thermo optic coefficients (TOCs: dn/dT and dk/dT values) of tungsten bronzes (H + , Li + , Na + ) with different concentrations were found to be positive and negative, respectively in both the heating and cooling cycles and they were found to be in the order of 10 −4 K −1 . Heating cycles show hysteresis loops of n and k for tungsten bronzes, which are good for electrochromic devices. On heating the bronzes at temperature higher than 400 K, there might be a reduction in the porosity but an irreversible disordering of hydrogen, lithium or sodium atoms could occur because of anomalous dispersions produced in the optical data. For cooling cycles, the calculated TOCs were again of the order of 10 −4 but there was an increase in dn/dT and a decrease in dk/dT values due to more amorphousness built up in the bronzes during the cooling cycles. This change in the values of TOCs for tungsten bronzes created small decrease in electronic polarizabilities (α e ) which were calculated in the range from 8.003 to 8.02 × 10 −24 cm 3 in the cooling cycles.
Cuprate superconductors have long been thought of as having strong electronic correlations but negligible spin-orbit coupling. Using spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we discovered ...that one of the most studied cuprate superconductors, Bi2212, has a nontrivial spin texture with a spin-momentum locking that circles the Brillouin zone center and a spin-layer locking that allows states of opposite spin to be localized in different parts of the unit cell. Our findings pose challenges for the vast majority of models of cuprates, such as the Hubbard model and its variants, where spin-orbit interaction has been mostly neglected, and open the intriguing question of how the high-temperature superconducting state emerges in the presence of this nontrivial spin texture.
ABSTRACT Purpose: The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of green marketing strategies and corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices on organizational performance and ...competitive advantage. The study aims to advance understanding of CSR principles and green marketing strategies and to provide practical guidance to companies wishing to increase their commitment to sustainability while maintaining a profitable position in the Pakistan market.
This study aims to examine the key training factors that significantly impact the learning outcomes of trainees. A comprehensive framework is proposed to investigate the interrelationships among ...various training components, trainer performance, training usefulness, and their effects on metacognition and learning. Empirical testing of the model is conducted using the partial least squares structural equation modelling approach, analyzing data collected from 322 public servants in North India. The findings reveal that almost all the focal factors comprising a training programme, such as the usefulness of training, trainer performance and metacognition, positively influence trainees' learning. While training agencies should consider all components of the training programme, the perceived usefulness, trainer performance and trainees' metacognition are particularly influential factors in facilitating learning. Training components and trainer performance predict the usefulness of training. This study integrates all focal factors of a training programme into a comprehensive framework using employee data, explaining a significant portion (45%–64%) of the variance in trainees' learning. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing these focal factors thoughtfully when designing and implementing effective training programmes.
Hyaluronic acid (HA) plays multifaceted role in regulating the various biological processes such as skin repairmen, diagnosis of cancer, wound healing, tissue regeneration, anti-inflammatory, and ...immunomodulation. Owing to its remarkable biomedical and tissue regeneration potential, HA has been numerously employed as one of the imperative components of the cosmetic and nutricosmetic products. The present review aims to summarize and critically appraise recent developments and clinical investigations on cosmetic and nutricosmetic efficacy of HA for skin rejuvenation. A thorough analysis of the literature revealed that HA based formulations (i.e., gels, creams, intra-dermal filler injections, dermal fillers, facial fillers, autologous fat gels, lotion, serum, and implants, etc.) exhibit remarkable anti-wrinkle, anti-nasolabial fold, anti-aging, space-filling, and face rejuvenating properties. This has been achieved via soft tissue augmentation, improved skin hydration, collagen and elastin stimulation, and face volume restoration. HA, alone or in combination with lidocaine and other co-agents, showed promising efficacy in skin tightness and elasticity, face rejuvenation, improving aesthetic scores, reducing the wrinkle scars, longevity, and tear trough rejuvenation. Our critical analysis evidenced that application/administration of HA exhibits outstanding nutricosmetic efficacy and thus is warranted to be used as a prime component of cosmetic products.
•Hyaluronic acid plays multifaceted role in regulating the various biological processes.•Hyaluronic acid exhibits remarkable skin regenerating and collagen stimulating efficacy.•Intradermal injection of hyaluronic acid showed promising anti-wrinkle, anti-nasolabial folds, and anti-aging effects.•Hyaluronic acid based fillers exhibit strong aesthetic impact on face rejuvenation and restoration of mid-face volume.
The electrochemical double layer plays a critical role in electrochemical processes. Whilst there have been many theoretical models predicting structural and electrical organization of the ...electrochemical double layer, the experimental verification of these models has been challenging due to the limitations of available experimental techniques. The induced potential drop in the electrolyte has never been directly observed and verified experimentally, to the best of our knowledge. In this study, we report the direct probing of the potential drop as well as the potential of zero charge by means of ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy performed under polarization conditions. By analyzing the spectra of the solvent (water) and a spectator neutral molecule with numerical simulations of the electric field, we discern the shape of the electrochemical double layer profile. In addition, we determine how the electrochemical double layer changes as a function of both the electrolyte concentration and applied potential.
The tolerance to salinity stress is an intricate phenomenon at cellular and whole plant level that requires the knowledge of contributing physiological and biochemical processes and the genetic ...control of participating traits. In this context, present study was conducted with objective to evaluate the physiological, biochemical, and genetic responses of different wheat genotypes including bread wheat (BW) and synthetic hexaploids (SHs) under saline and control environment. The experiment was conducted in two factorial arrangement in randomized complete block design (RCBD), with genotypes as one factor and treatments as another factor. A significant decline in physiological traits (chlorophyll, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and cell membrane stability) was observed in all genotypes due to salt stress; however, this decline was higher in BW genotypes as compared to four SH genotypes. In addition, the biochemical traits including enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase (POD) activity, proline, and glycine betaine (GB) illustrated significant increase along with increase in the expression of corresponding genes ( TaCAT1 , TaSOD , TaPRX2A , TaP5CS , and TaBADH-A1 ) due to salt stress in SHs as compared to BW. Correspondingly, highly overexpressed genes, TaHKT1;4 , TaNHX1 , and TaAKT1 caused a significant decline in Na + /K + in SH as compared to BW genotypes under salt stress. Moreover, correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and heatmap analysis have further confirmed that the association and expression of physiological and biochemical traits varied significantly with salinity stress and type of genotype. Overall, the physiological, biochemical, and genetic evaluation proved SHs as the most useful stock for transferring salinity tolerance to other superior BW cultivars via the right breeding program.
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