In human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs), expression of lamina-associated polypeptide 2 α (LAP2α) upon entry and exit from G₀ is tightly correlated with phosphorylation and subnuclear localization of ...retinoblastoma protein (Rb). Phosphoisoforms of Rb and LAP2α are down-regulated in G₀. Although RbS780 phosphoform and LAP2α are up-regulated upon reentry into G₁ and colocalize in the nucleoplasm, RbS795 migrates between nucleoplasmic and speckle compartments. In HDFs, which are null for lamins A/C, LAP2α is mislocalized within nuclear aggregates, and this is correlated with cell cycle arrest and accumulation of Rb within speckles. Nuclear retention of nucleoplasmic Rb during G1 phase but not of speckle-associated Rb depends on lamin A/C. siRNA knock down of LAP2α or lamin A/C in HDFs leads to accumulation of Rb in speckles and G₁ arrest, probably because of activation of a cell cycle checkpoint. Our results suggest that LAP2α and lamin A/C are involved in controlling Rb localization and phosphorylation, and a lack or mislocalization of either protein leads to cell cycle arrest in HDFs.
Computational modeling of bileaflet mechanical heart valve (BiMHV) flow requires experimentally validated datasets and improved knowledge of BiMHV fluid mechanics. In this study, flow was studied ...downstream of a model BiMHV in an axisymmetric aortic sinus using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry. The inlet flow was steady and the Reynolds number based on the aortic diameter was 7600. Results showed the out-of-plane velocity was of similar magnitude as the transverse velocity. Although additional studies are needed for confirmation, analysis of the out-of-plane velocity showed the possible presence of a four-cell streamwise vortex structure in the mean velocity field. Spatial data for all six Reynolds stress components were obtained. Reynolds normal stress profiles revealed similarities between the central jet and free jets. These findings are important to BiMHV flow modeling, though clinical relevance is limited due to the idealized conditions chosen. To this end, the dataset is publicly available for CFD validation purposes.
Experience Design is a contemporary form of design, which appertains to the field of interaction design. In relation to Interactive art environments, it suggests that potentialities are actualized by ...those actively participating within physical, virtual and mixed works. It could be argued that every design approach is a dynamic process of making experiences; nonetheless we do not `design experiences' we design for them. An experience emerges from a variety of potentialities, a significant part of which cannot be organized and predetermined by the design procedure; the outcome is considerably depended on matters beyond its design. In the frames of digitally interactive artworks people interact and actively participate in the course of an event. It is Aristotle that introduces becoming as a concept that describes our experience of interaction with the world, expressing the notion of change in the course of life, the ceaseless evolution in space and time. Consensus as to what constitutes effective experience design, this paper argues that understanding both design and experience as verbs, rather than nouns, could help our understanding of the practice. This paper transcends the boundaries of art and design theory; it puts emphasis on the fact that becoming cannot be predetermined, and how the notions of design, art, experience, becoming and space are intertwined in the subjective experience of artworks.
In human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs), expression of lamina-associated polypeptide 2 alpha (LAP2alpha) upon entry and exit from G(0) is tightly correlated with phosphorylation and subnuclear ...localization of retinoblastoma protein (Rb). Phosphoisoforms of Rb and LAP2alpha are down-regulated in G(0). Although RbS780 phosphoform and LAP2alpha are up-regulated upon reentry into G(1) and colocalize in the nucleoplasm, RbS795 migrates between nucleoplasmic and speckle compartments. In HDFs, which are null for lamins A/C, LAP2alpha is mislocalized within nuclear aggregates, and this is correlated with cell cycle arrest and accumulation of Rb within speckles. Nuclear retention of nucleoplasmic Rb during G(1) phase but not of speckle-associated Rb depends on lamin A/C. siRNA knock down of LAP2alpha or lamin A/C in HDFs leads to accumulation of Rb in speckles and G(1) arrest, probably because of activation of a cell cycle checkpoint. Our results suggest that LAP2alpha and lamin A/C are involved in controlling Rb localization and phosphorylation, and a lack or mislocalization of either protein leads to cell cycle arrest in HDFs.
A simple benchtop synthesis of the deep blue tetrameric compound Cu{N(CH
2CH
2O)
3H}
4 prepared from CuSO
4·5H
2O and triethanolamine is presented. The compound has been characterized in three ...different crystalline modifications which vary due to the presence of different lattice solvents that include THF, Et
2O and H
2O. The compound dissolves in water, alcohols and to a slight extent in dichloromethane and chloroform. It produces basic solutions (
K
b=1.2 (±0.4)×10
−7) in water and a visible spectrum that varies as a function of pH. FAB mass spectral data indicate that the tetramer remains intact and incorporates additional copper ions in the mass spectrometer.
<<Building brickwork and stained glass edifices is costly. Yet centres of excellence seem to demand them. Such centres are of limited use unless their product – expertise – can be distributed beyond ...their walls. Moving experts around the globe to solve problems is costly; moving the problems to experts is not always possible. Virtual institutions can cut the cost by enabling the expertise of a centre of excellence to be distributed more widely and, through telepresence, by enabling more problems to be moved to the experts.>> N. Beard, ‘Virtual Institutions’, Personal Computer World, July 1994, p.428
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