This Open Access volume provides readers with an up-to-date and comprehensive guide to both methodological and applicative aspects of machine learning (ML) for brain disorders. The chapters in this ...book are organized into five parts. Part One presents the fundamentals of ML. Part Two looks at the main types of data used to characterize brain disorders, including clinical assessments, neuroimaging, electro- and magnetoencephalography, genetics and omics data, electronic health records, mobile devices, connected objects and sensors. Part Three covers the core methodologies of ML in brain disorders and the latest techniques used to study them. Part Four is dedicated to validation and datasets, and Part Five discusses applications of ML to various neurological and psychiatric disorders. In the Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory. Comprehensive and cutting, Machine Learning for Brain Disorders is a valuable resource for researchers and graduate students who are new to this field, as well as experienced researchers who would like to further expand their knowledge in this area. This book will be useful to students and researchers from various backgrounds such as engineers, computer scientists, neurologists, psychiatrists, radiologists, and neuroscientists.
PURPOSE: The interaction between genetics and diet may explain the present disagreement in the protective role of vitamin intake on cardiovascular disease. We cross-sectionally assessed the ...interaction of habitual dietary intake of β-carotene, vitamin C, folate, and vitamin E with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), a measure of arterial stiffness. METHODS: Dietary intakes of β-carotene, vitamin C, folate, and vitamin E were quantified by a food frequency questionnaire in 3198 healthy men and women (≥40 years) from the Korea Multi-Rural communities Cohort study. baPWV was measured, and 19 SNPs were genotyped. The associations and interactions between dietary vitamin intake, SNP genotype, and baPWV were assessed using general linear models. RESULTS: In both men and women, dietary intake of β-carotene, vitamin C, folate, or vitamin E and baPWV were not directly associated. Vitamin C, folate, and vitamin E intake had an interaction with rs4961 (ADD1) genotype on baPWV in men. rs4961 also interacted with folate intake on baPWV in women. In women, rs10817542 (ZNF618) and rs719856 (CD2AP) had an interaction with β-carotene and folate intake and rs5443 (GNB3) had an interaction with vitamin E intake on baPWV. In general, minor allele homozygotes with low vitamin intake had higher baPWV than other subgroups. Results were similar when supplement users were excluded. CONCLUSIONS: Higher intake of dietary vitamin C, folate, and vitamin E may be related to high baPWV in healthy Korean men who are minor allele homozygotes of rs4961. In healthy Korean women, dietary folate, β-carotene, and vitamin E intake may affect baPWV differently according to rs4961, rs10817542, rs719856, or rs5443 genotype. Greater dietary intake of these nutrients may protect those that are genetically vulnerable to stiffening of the arteries.
This study aimed to investigate the incidence and related clinical factors of LV hypertrophy (LVH) regression after kidney transplantation and its effect on graft outcome.
Among the 3373 kidney ...transplant recipients who were enrolled in a multicentre cohort from 1997 to 2012, a total of 767 patients who underwent echocardiography before and after transplantation were included in this study followed for a median of 7.5 years.
LVH regression steadily increased from 7.4% at 1 year to 35.4% at 5 year over the 5-year post-transplantation period. The probability of LVH regression decreased in the patients who received a kidney transplant due to end-stage renal disease of unknown aetiology (p=0.041) or who underwent pretransplant haemodialysis (p=0.020). The probability of LVH regression also decreased as the pretransplant LV mass index (p<0.001) and post-transplant systolic blood pressure increased (p=0.005). Conversely, LVH regression was significantly associated with the highest tertile of the pretransplant haemoglobin level (p=0.029). Furthermore, in the 5th year after transplantation, persistent LVH was independently associated with allograft failure (HR 1.95; 95% CI 1.14 to 3.33; p=0.015) and the LV mass index reliably predicted graft outcome.
LVH consistently regressed after kidney transplantation in most patients. Persistent LVH, low haemoglobin levels and elevated blood pressure were associated with an increased risk of allograft failure in kidney transplant recipients.
PURPOSE
Women in low to middle-income countries (LMICs), such as in Malaysia, face complex barriers to healthcare because of social, economic, geographic, and other interrelated factors, which can ...limit their access to timely, affordable, and effective breast cancer care. Patient Navigation has emerged as a cost-effective and impactful approach to enable women to access care.
METHODS
We have established a hospital-based partnership model between a non-profit organization and national healthcare service to address the barriers faced by low-income women to improve the timeliness of diagnosis and treatment and reduce poor adherence to treatment. The navigation team provides resources required to overcome financial and logistic barriers, counseling to address knowledge and emotional needs and to ensure treatment adherence.
RESULTS
To determine the effectiveness of the program, timeliness of diagnosis and treatment, and rates of treatment adherence were compared with a historical cohort from the same hospital. The proportion of patients who met the healthcare system's targets for timeliness to cancer diagnosis increased from 50.4% to 67.3% ( P < .05) and that for initiation of primary treatment increased from 36.5% to 49.5% ( P < .05). The overall treatment default rates reduced from 8.6% to 2.6% ( P < .05).
CONCLUSION
In summary, Patient Navigation is feasible and potentially effective for addressing barriers to cancer care and could be a key element of cancer control in LMICs.
Purpose The interaction between genetics and diet may explain the present disagreement in the protective role of vitamin intake on cardiovascular disease. We cross-sectionally assessed the ...interaction of habitual dietary intake of beta-carotene, vitamin C, folate, and vitamin E with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), a measure of arterial stiffness. Methods Dietary intakes of beta-carotene, vitamin C, folate, and vitamin E were quantified by a food frequency questionnaire in 3198 healthy men and women (greater than or equal to40 years) from the Korea Multi-Rural communities Cohort study. baPWV was measured, and 19 SNPs were genotyped. The associations and interactions between dietary vitamin intake, SNP genotype, and baPWV were assessed using general linear models. Results In both men and women, dietary intake of beta-carotene, vitamin C, folate, or vitamin E and baPWV were not directly associated. Vitamin C, folate, and vitamin E intake had an interaction with rs4961 (ADD1) genotype on baPWV in men. rs4961 also interacted with folate intake on baPWV in women. In women, rs10817542 (ZNF618) and rs719856 (CD2AP) had an interaction with beta-carotene and folate intake and rs5443 (GNB3) had an interaction with vitamin E intake on baPWV. In general, minor allele homozygotes with low vitamin intake had higher baPWV than other subgroups. Results were similar when supplement users were excluded. Conclusions Higher intake of dietary vitamin C, folate, and vitamin E may be related to high baPWV in healthy Korean men who are minor allele homozygotes of rs4961. In healthy Korean women, dietary folate, beta-carotene, and vitamin E intake may affect baPWV differently according to rs4961, rs10817542, rs719856, or rs5443 genotype. Greater dietary intake of these nutrients may protect those that are genetically vulnerable to stiffening of the arteries. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT Erratum DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0896-z
A 59-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with a left rib fracture and was diagnosed with IgA multiple myeloma. The patient underwent autologous bone-marrow transplantation, and 14 ...months later she developed obstructive jaundice.
Serum protein electrophoresis, contrast CT of thorax and abdomen, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with endoscopic biopsy and pleural biopsy.
Extramedullary plasmacytomas at pancreatic head and pleura.
Salvage chemotherapy regimens including bortezomib plus steroid, alkylators plus steroid, bortezomib plus anthracycline and radiotherapy, and combined bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, melphalan and steroid therapy.
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