Ni‐rich layered LiNixCoyMn1−x−yO2 (LNCM) with Ni content over >90% is considered as a promising lithium ion battery (LIB) cathode, attributed by its low cost and high practical capacity. However, ...Ni‐rich LNCM inevitably suffers rapid capacity fading at a high state of charge due to the mechanochemical breakdown; in particular, the microcrack formation has been regarded as one of the main culprits for Ni‐rich layered cathode failure. To address these issues, Ni‐rich layered cathodes with a textured microstructure are developed by phosphorous and boron doping. Attributed by the textured morphology, both phosphorous‐ and boron‐doped cathodes suppress microcrack formation and show enhanced cycle stability compared to the undoped cathode. However, there exists a meaningful capacity retention difference between the doped cathodes. By adapting the various analysis techniques, it is shown that the boron‐doped Ni‐rich layered cathode displays better cycle stability not only by its ability to suppress microcracks during cycling but also by its primary particle morphology that is reluctant to oxygen evolution. The present work reveals that not only restraint of particle cracks but also suppression of oxygen release by developing the oxygen stable facets is important for further improvements in state‐of‐the‐art Li ion battery Ni‐rich layered cathode materials.
Herein, the effect of boron doping on oxygen stability in LiNi0.92Co0.04Mn0.04O2 (LNCM) lithium ion battery cathodes is systematically investigated using various measurements. The boron‐doped LNCM produces the textured microstructure with more oxygen stabilized facets, thus not only aiding in restraining the particle cracks but also effectively suppressing the oxygen evolution to improve the cycle stability.
Optogenetics is a powerful technique that allows target-specific spatiotemporal manipulation of neuronal activity for dissection of neural circuits and therapeutic interventions. Recent advances in ...wireless optogenetics technologies have enabled investigation of brain circuits in more natural conditions by releasing animals from tethered optical fibers. However, current wireless implants, which are largely based on battery-powered or battery-free designs, still limit the full potential of in vivo optogenetics in freely moving animals by requiring intermittent battery replacement or a special, bulky wireless power transfer system for continuous device operation, respectively. To address these limitations, here we present a wirelessly rechargeable, fully implantable, soft optoelectronic system that can be remotely and selectively controlled using a smartphone. Combining advantageous features of both battery-powered and battery-free designs, this device system enables seamless full implantation into animals, reliable ubiquitous operation, and intervention-free wireless charging, all of which are desired for chronic in vivo optogenetics. Successful demonstration of the unique capabilities of this device in freely behaving rats forecasts its broad and practical utilities in various neuroscience research and clinical applications.
We discovered that La-doped BaSnO 3 with the perovskite structure has an unprecedentedly high mobility at room temperature while retaining its optical transparency. In single crystals, the mobility ...reached 320 cm 2 V -1 s -1 at a doping level of $8\times 10^{19}$ cm -3 , constituting the highest value among wide-band-gap semiconductors. In epitaxial films, the maximum mobility was 70 cm 2 V -1 s -1 at a doping level of $4.4\times 10^{20}$ cm -3 . We also show that resistance of (Ba,La)SnO 3 changes little even after a thermal cycle to 530 °C in air, pointing to an unusual stability of oxygen atoms and great potential for realizing transparent high-frequency, high-power functional devices.
Summary Background The CLASSIC trial was done to compare adjuvant capecitabine plus oxaliplatin versus observation after D2 gastrectomy for patients with stage II or III gastric cancer. The planned ...interim analysis of CLASSIC (median follow-up 34 months) showed that adjuvant capecitabine plus oxaliplatin significantly improved disease-free survival, the primary endpoint, compared with observation after D2 gastrectomy. We report the 5-year follow-up data from the trial. Methods CLASSIC was a phase 3, randomised, open-label study done at 35 cancer centres, medical centres, and hospitals in China, South Korea, and Taiwan. Patients with stage II–IIIB gastric cancer who underwent curative D2 gastrectomy were randomly assigned (1:1) after surgery to receive adjuvant chemotherapy with capecitabine and oxaliplatin (eight 3-week cycles of oral capecitabine 1000 mg/m2 twice daily on days 1–14 plus intravenous oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 on day 1) for 6 months or observation alone. Randomisation was stratified by country and disease stage with a permuted block (size four) design. Neither patients nor investigators were masked to treatment assignment. The primary outcome was 3-year disease-free survival in the intention-to-treat population. This analysis presents the final preplanned assessment of outcomes after 5 years. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT00411229. Findings We enrolled 1035 patients: 520 were randomly assigned to adjuvant capecitabine and oxaliplatin, and 515 to observation. Median follow-up for this analysis in the intention-to-treat population was 62·4 months (IQR 54–70). 139 (27%) patients had disease-free survival events in the adjuvant capecitabine and oxaliplatin group versus 203 (39%) patients in the observation group (stratified hazard ratio HR 0·58, 95% CI 0·47–0·72; p<0·0001). Estimated 5-year disease-free survival was 68% (95% CI 63–73) in the adjuvant capecitabine and oxaliplatin group versus 53% (47–58) in the observation alone group. By the clinical cutoff date, 103 patients (20%) had died in the adjuvant capecitabine and oxaliplatin group versus 141 patients (27%) in the observation group (stratified HR 0·66, 95% CI 0·51–0·85; p=0·0015). Estimated 5-year overall survival was 78% (95% CI 74–82) in the adjuvant capecitabine and oxaliplatin group versus 69% (64–73) in the observation group. Adverse event data were not collected after the primary analysis. Interpretation Adjuvant treatment with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin after D2 gastrectomy should be considered for patients with operable stage II or III gastric cancer. Funding F Hoffmann La-Roche and Sanofi.
The galvanostatic lithiation/sodiation voltage profiles of hard carbon anodes are simple, with a sloping drop followed by a plateau. However, a precise understanding of the corresponding redox sites ...and storage mechanisms is still elusive, which hinders further development in commercial applications. Here, a comprehensive comparison of the lithium‐ and sodium‐ion storage behaviors of hard carbon is conducted, yielding the following key findings: 1) the sloping voltage section is presented by the lithium‐ion intercalation in the graphitic lattices of hard carbons, whereas it mainly arises from the chemisorption of sodium ions on their inner surfaces constituting closed pores, even if the graphitic lattices are unoccupied; 2) the redox sites for the plateau capacities are the same as those for the closed pores regardless of the alkali ions; 3) the sodiation plateau capacities are mostly determined by the volume of the available closed pore, whereas the lithiation plateau capacities are primarily affected by the intercalation propensity; and 4) the intercalation preference and the plateau capacity have an inverse correlation. These findings from extensive characterizations and theoretical investigations provide a relatively clear elucidation of the electrochemical footprint of hard carbon anodes in relation to the redox mechanisms and storage sites for lithium and sodium ions, thereby providing a more rational design strategy for constructing better hard carbon anodes.
A comprehensive comparison of the lithium‐ and sodium‐ion storage behaviors of hard carbon is conducted, yielding the key findings: the sloping voltage section is presented by the lithium‐ion intercalation in the graphitic lattices of hard carbons, whereas it mainly arises from the chemisorption of sodium ions. The intercalation preference and the plateau capacity have an inverse correlation.
Background
Inactivation of
TP53
, a tumor suppressor gene, is associated with the development of several malignancies, including gastric cancer (GC). The present study aimed to evaluate the ...correlation between the overexpression of p53 and survival in different Lauren-type GCs.
Methods
From May 2003 to December 2019, 3608 GC patients treated endoscopically or surgically at the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital were enrolled for the study. Immunohistochemical staining for p53 was performed on all endoscopic and surgical gastric specimens. Clinicopathologic characteristics with Lauren classification, survival rate, and cancer recurrence were analyzed according to p53 overexpression.
Results
Among 3608 GC patients, p53 overexpression was seen in 1334 patients (37%). p53 overexpression was associated with lower depth of invasion (
P
= 0.026) and Early gastric cancer (
P
= 0.044) in intestinal-type GC, and with advanced TNM stage (
P
< 0.001) and Advanced gastric cancer (
P
< 0.001) in diffuse-type GC. The overall survival (OS) and GC-specific survival (GCSS) were significantly lower in p53 overexpression positive patients. This significance was more pronounced and enhanced in the diffuse-type GC and was absent in the intestinal-type GC. In multivariate analyses, p53 overexpression was associated with poor OS in both subtypes of GC and cancer recurrence in diffuse-type GC. (OS in intestinal-type: adjusted hazard ratio aHR = 1.423,
P
= 0.022; OS in diffuse-type: aHR = 1.401
P
= 0.035; cancer recurrence in diffuse-type: aHR = 1.502,
P
= 0.039).
Conclusion
p53 overexpression was associated with poor prognosis in GC, especially in diffuse-type. In addition, p53 overexpression was associated with early stage disease in intestinal-type GC and with advanced stage disease in diffuse-type GC.
The papain-like protease (PLpro), which controls replication of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), has been identified as a potential drug target for the treatment of SARS. ...An intensive hunt for effective anti-SARS drugs has been undertaken by screening for natural product inhibitors that target SARS-CoV PLpro. In this study, diarylheptanoids 1-9 were isolated from Alnus japonica, and the inhibitory activities of these compounds against PLpro were determined. Of the isolated diarylheptanoids, hirsutenone (2) showed the most potent PLpro inhibitory activity, with an inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 4.1 µM. Structure-activity analysis showed that catechol and α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety in the molecule were the key requirement for SARS-CoV cysteine protease inhibition.
Abstract Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) based on three-dimensional (3D) polycrystalline perovskites suffer from ion migration, which causes overshoot of luminance over time during ...operation and reduces its operational lifetime. Here, we demonstrate 3D/2D hybrid PeLEDs with extremely reduced luminance overshoot and 21 times longer operational lifetime than 3D PeLEDs. The luminance overshoot ratio of 3D/2D hybrid PeLED is only 7.4% which is greatly lower than that of 3D PeLED (150.4%). The 3D/2D hybrid perovskite is obtained by adding a small amount of neutral benzylamine to methylammonium lead bromide, which induces a proton transfer from methylammonium to benzylamine and enables crystallization of 2D perovskite without destroying the 3D phase. Benzylammonium in the perovskite lattice suppresses formation of deep-trap states and ion migration, thereby enhances both operating stability and luminous efficiency based on its retardation effect in reorientation.
Although several self-reported questionnaire-based studies have found an association between smoking and moderately increased albuminuria, this result remains controversial. We investigated whether ...moderately increased albuminuria was associated with smoking status, verified by urinary cotinine (an objective biomarker of tobacco exposure), using population-based, nationally representative data.
This study included 2059 participants aged ≥ 50 years from the 2014 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Individuals with a urinary cotinine level ≥ 50 ng/mL were identified as cotinine-verified smokers. Moderately increased albuminuria was defined as a urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio ranging between ≥ 30 mg/g and < 300 mg/g. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between cotinine-verified smoking status and moderately increased albuminuria.
Among the study participants, 16.9% were cotinine-verified smokers, 84.8% of whom were men. After adjustment for multiple covariates, cotinine-verified smokers showed a significant positive association with moderately increased albuminuria (adjusted odds ratio: 4.37, 95% confidence interval: 1.63-11.71) compared with cotinine-verified non-smokers. The association between urinary cotinine and moderately increased albuminuria did not differ with age, sex, obesity, or comorbidities (P-value for interaction > 0.05 in all cases).
This large-scale observational study showed that cotinine-verified smoking is associated with moderately increased albuminuria in the Korean middle-aged and older general population, suggesting that smoking must be strictly controlled to reduce the risk of moderately increased albuminuria.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The rate of detection of thyroid nodules and carcinomas has increased with the widespread use of ultrasonography (US), which is the mainstay for the detection and risk stratification of thyroid ...nodules as well as for providing guidance for their biopsy and nonsurgical treatment. The Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology (KSThR) published their first recommendations for the US-based diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules in 2011. These recommendations have been used as the standard guidelines for the past several years in Korea. Lately, the application of US has been further emphasized for the personalized management of patients with thyroid nodules. The Task Force on Thyroid Nodules of the KSThR has revised the recommendations for the ultrasound diagnosis and imaging-based management of thyroid nodules. The review and recommendations in this report have been based on a comprehensive analysis of the current literature and the consensus of experts.
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