Son günlerde, tarafların
aralarındaki uyuşmazlıkları dava ederek çözümlemek yerine, alternatif
uyuşmazlık çözüm yöntemlerine müracaat etmek suretiyle ortadan kaldırma
konusundaki ilgisi giderek ...artmaktadır. İsviçre’nin tarafsız bir devlet olması,
dostane hizmetlerin sunumunda yıllardan beri büyük bir ün kazanmasını
sağlamıştır. Bu sebeple çalışmamızda, öncelikle İsviçre’nin uyuşmazlıkların
çözümünde üstlendiği rol ifade edilerek İsviçre Hukukunda alternatif uyuşmazlık
çözüm yolları kapsamında uygulamada sıklıkla müracaat edilen tahkim, uzlaştırma
ve arabuluculuk bakımından kabul edilen genel düzenlemelere değinilecektir. Bu
çerçevede, İsviçre Hukuk sisteminde öngörülen iç tahkim, milletlerarası tahkim
ve kurumsal tahkim düzenlemeleri hakkında açıklamalarda bulunulacak, sonrasında
ise, özel olarak, İsviçre Odaları Tahkim Kurumunun (Swiss Chambers’ Arbitration
Institution “SCAI”) öngördüğü İsviçre Ticari Arabuluculuk Kuralları (Swiss
Rules of Commercial Mediation “SRCM”) açıklanarak kurumsal arabuluculuk
düzenlemelerinin değerlendirilmesi yoluna gidilecektir. Böylelikle, tarafsız
bir devlet olarak pek çok ülke arasından öne çıkan ve uygulamacılar tarafından
hukuki düzenlemeleri sıklıkla tercih edilen İsviçre’nin hukuk uyuşmazlıklarının
alternatif yollarla çözümlenmesi konusundaki yaklaşımı ile buna ilişkin hukuki
düzenlemeleri hakkında genel bir bakış açısı yaratılmaya çalışılacaktır.
Recently, parties seeking resolution of disputes arisen
between them have been more interested in using alternative methods of
resolving disputes instead of filing lawsuits.Switzerland as a neutral state
has been very popular for providing amicable settlement services for years.In
this study, we primarily refer to Switzerland’s role in resolving disputes, and
the mostly preferred alternative dispute resolution methods such as
arbitration, conciliation, mediation, and the generally recognized regulations
thereof set out in Swiss Law. In this context, we hereby explain the domestic
regulations international regulations and institutional arbitration regulations
set out in Swiss Law, and the Swiss Rules of Commercial Mediation “SRCM”
suggested by the Swiss Chambers’ Arbitration Institution “SCAI” respectively to
criticize the institutional arbitration regulations.In this respect, we aim to
bring a new perspective on resolving legal disputes by means of alternative
methods and the regulations thereof in effect in Switzerland as a neutral state
mostly preferred by parties in dispute.
This study aimed to investigate the effect of different egg weights on egg external quality characteristics and hatching performance in Pekin ducks. A total of 800 eggs were divided into three weight ...categories: "light" (Lo; <76 g), "medium" (Me; 76-82 g), and "heavy" (Hi; >82 g). Parameters indicating egg external quality characteristics were calculated. Eggs were incubated and on the 25th day, transferred to the incubator for hatching. The mean egg weight for light, medium, and heavy categories were 70.25 g, 78.47 g, and 85.17 g, respectively (P<0.001). As egg weight increased, there was a significant decrease in shell thickness (P<0.001). The effect of different egg sizes on fertility was insignificant. The hatchability of fertile eggs was higher in the light and medium categories compared to the heavy category (P<0.05). Egg weight had a significant effect on early embryonic mortality rate (P<0.05) and chick hatch weight (P<0.001). In conclusion, different egg weights have varying effects on egg external quality parameters in Pekin ducks. Although heavy eggs produce chicks with higher weights, lighter or medium-weight eggs may be more advisable for incubation due to their better hatchability.
This study investigated the impact of an essential oil (EO) mixture (Biomin) on growth performance, carcass yield, visceral organ weights, and duodenal crypt depth in native Turkish geese (Anser ...anser). Sixty 1-day-old goslings constituted the animal material of the trial. Goslings were divided into three treatment groups, each consisting of four subgroups having five animals each. Animals were homogenously distributed among the groups after being weighed and identified. The three treatment groups received the essential oil mixture at rates of 0.0% (without EO), 0.1% and 0.2%, respectively. The animals were given concentrate feed (21.93% CP and 3010 kcal/kg ME) for the first 2 weeks, and were both grazed and provided with barley meal for the next 8 weeks. The trial was continued for a period of 10 weeks. Results showed that the essential oil mixture had no significant effect on live weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion rate, carcass yield, and heart-liver-gizzard weights (P>0.05). On the other hand, the crypt depths of the EO 0.1% and EO 0.2% groups were greater than that of the EO 0.0% group (P<0.05). This study demonstrated that EO supplementation had no impact on performance, but increased duodenal crypt depth in native Turkish geese.
Konkordato, mali durumu bozulan ve vadesi gelen tüm borçlarını ödeyemeyecek durumdaki borçlunun, ileri sürdüğü teklifin kanunda hükmedilen nitelikli çoğunluktaki alacaklı tarafından kabul edilmesi ve ...yetkili mercilerce tasdik edilmesi neticesinde öngörülen zamansal kesitte, kendisi için tanınan koşullarda ödenmesini sağlayan bir hukuki imkândır. 7101 sayılı İcra ve İflas Kanunu ve Bazı Kanunlarda Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun’un yürürlüğe girmesiyle birlikte, Türk Hukukunda konkordato prosedürü, işleyişi ve süreci bakımından önemli değişiklikler meydana gelmiştir. Konkordatoda kesin mühletin alacaklılar bakımından sonuçlarının ifade edildiği kanun hükmü revize edilerek yeniden düzenlenmiştir. Kanun koyucu, 7101 sayılı Kanunla revize edilen İcra ve İflas Kanunu’nun 294’üncü maddesinin 6’ncı fıkrasında, konkordato mühletinin verilmesinden önce gerçekleştirilen ve müstakbel alacağın devrine ilişkin olan sözleşmelerin, alacağın mühlet kararından sonra doğması ihtimalinde hükümsüz olacağını öngörmektedir. Borçluyu konkordato mühletinin verilmesinden önce gerçekleştirdiği alacak devirlerinin tahmin edilemeyen sonuçlarından koruyacak olan bu kural, aynı zamanda, borçlunun mali açıdan iyileşmesine hizmet edecektir. Borçlunun daha uygun koşullarda bozulan mali durumunun düzeltilmesine olanak sağlayan mühletin müstakbel alacakların devri üzerindeki etkisine ilişkin kanun hükmü, iyileşme dostu olması sebebiyle önem arz etmektedir. Çalışmamızda, genel olarak 7101 sayılı Kanun ile şekillenen konkordato prosedürü ile kesin mühletin alacaklılar bakımından sonuçları açıklandıktan sonra, kesin mühletin müstakbel alacakların devri üzerindeki etkisi ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır. Böylelikle, İİK m. 294/f. 6’da öngörülen kanun hükmünün amacı, şartları ile sonuçları açıklanarak 7101 sayılı Kanunla getirilen müstakbel alacakların devrine ilişkin yeni düzenlemenin değerlendirilmesi yoluna gidilecektir.
Concordat is the legal opportunity that enables the debtors, whose financial situation have deteriorated and are unable to pay all their due debts, to pay their debts under the conditions provided to them in the temporal section stipulated as a result of the acceptance of the proposal by the creditor with a qualified majority as determined in the law and approval of the said proposal by the competent authorities. With the entry into force of the Law No. 7101 on the Enforcement and Bankruptcy Law and Amending Some Laws, significant changes have occurred in Turkish Law in terms of the procedure, function and process of concordat. The provision of the law, in which the consequences of the temporary respite for the creditors are expressed in the concordat, has been revised and rearranged. In the 6th paragraph of Article 294 of the Enforcement and Bankruptcy Law, which was revised by Law No. 7101, the legislator foresees that the agreements regarding the transfer of the future receivables, which were concluded before the concordat respite, shall be null and void in the event that the receivables arise after the respite decision. This rule, which will protect the debtor from the unpredictable consequences of the receivable transfers made before the concordat respite is offered, will also serve for the financial recovery of the debtor. The provision of the law regarding the effect of respite on the transfer of future receivables, which allows the recovery of the deteriorated financial situation of the debtor under more favorable conditions, is important due to being recovery friendly. In our study, after explaining the results of the concordat procedure and the temporary respite for the creditors, which are generally shaped by the Law No. 7101, the effect of the temporary respite on the transfer of future receivables will be tried to be revealed. Thus, by explaining the purpose, conditions and results of the provision of law envisaged in art. 294/ para. 6 of EBL, the new regulation regarding the transfer of future receivables introduced by Law No. 7101 will be evaluated.
Davadan feragat, davacının dava dilekçesinde yer alan talep sonucundan kısmen veya tamamen vazgeçmesidir. Kanunda yer alan düzenlemeler uyarınca davadan feragat, hükmün şekli anlamda kesinleşmesine ...kadar yargılamanın her aşamasında yapılabilecektir. Yargılamanın ilk derece mahkemesinde devam ettiği bir esnada davadan feragat edilebileceği gibi hükmün verilmesinden sonra ve fakat kanun yollarına müracaat edilmesinden önce ya da dosyanın kanun yollarında incelendiği bir aşamada da davadan feragat yoluna gidilebilecektir. Yargılamanın ilk derece mahkemesinde devam ettiği bir sırada davadan feragat edilmesi üzerine, ilk derece mahkemesince davanın feragat sebebiyle sona erdiği ifade edilerek usule ilişkin bir kararla reddedilmesi gerekecektir. Bununla birlikte, ilk derece mahkemesince hüküm verildikten sonra kanun yollarına müracaat süresi içerisindeyken veya hükmün kanun yollarına götürülmesinden sonra davadan feragat edilmesi durumunda hangi mercii tarafından ne şekilde bir karar verileceği konusunda, 28.07.2021 tarihli ve 7251 sayılı HMK değişikliğine kadar usul kanunumuzda bir boşluk bulunmaktaydı. Bu sebeple, hükmün verilmesinden sonra kanun yolları süresi içerisinde veya dosyanın kanun yollarında incelendiği bir esnada davacı tarafından davadan feragat edilmesi durumunda müracaat edilecek olan mercii ile bu mercii tarafından verilecek olan karar konusunda Yargıtay’ın yerleşik bir uygulaması söz konusuydu. 01.10.2011 tarihinde 6100 sayılı Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu’nun yürürlüğe girmesinden sonra çıkartılan Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu Yönetmeliği’nin (“HMK Yön.”) 57’nci maddesi ile ilk kez hükmün ilk derece mahkemesince verilmesinden sonra davadan feragat edilmesi konusunda bir düzenleme yapılmıştır. Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu Yönetmeliği’nin yürürlükten kaldırılmasından sonra Bölge Adliye ve Adli Yargı İlk Derece Mahkemeleri ile Cumhuriyet Başsavcılıkları İdari ve Yazı İşleri Hizmetlerinin Yürütülmesine Dair Yönetmeliğin (“Yazı İşleri Yön.”) yürürlüğe girmesiyle birlikte bu konuda bir düzenleme (m. 215) getirilmiştir. Getirilen yönetmelik hükümleri ile kanun yollarına müracaat edilmesinden önce davadan feragat beyanının mahkemece inceleneceği ve mahkemenin bu yönde bir “ek karar” vereceği öngörülerek Yargıtay uygulamasından farklı ve yeni bir düzenleme kabul edilmiştir. 28.07.2020 tarihinde yürürlüğe giren 7251 sayılı Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu değişikliği sonrasında ise, Kanunda açıkça davadan feragatin yapılma zamanı ve verilecek olan karara ilişkin düzenlemeler getirilmiştir. Böylelikle, Yönetmelik hükümleriyle kabul edilen ve uygulamada var olan durum, Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu’nda da düzenlenerek kanun hükmü olarak öngörülmüştür. Bununla birlikte, yönetmeliklerle öngörülen düzenlemeye kanuni bir temel kazandırılması ve HMK’da ilk defa “ek karar” kavramına yer verilmesi bakımından gerçekleştirilen değişiklik önem arz etmektedir. Çalışmamızda, hükmün ilk derece mahkemesince verilmesinden sonra ve fakat kanun yollarına müracaat edilmesinden önce ya da dosyanın kanun yollarında bulunduğu bir aşamada davadan feragat edilmesi üzerine davanın sona erdiğini tespit eden kararı verecek olan merciinin neresi olduğu Yargıtay kararları, doktrinde ileri sürülen görüşler ve yürürlüğe giren Yönetmelik hükümleri (eski HMK Yön. m. 57; Yazı İşleri Yön. m. 215) ile 28.07.2020 tarihinde gerçekleştirilen 7251 sayılı HMK değişikliği çerçevesinde ele alınarak ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır.
Waiver of a lawsuit means the plaintiff to partially or completely withdraw from the claim stated in the petition. Pursuant to the regulations in the code, waiver can be given at any stage of the proceeding, until finalization of the form of verdict. While waiver is possible while the proceeding at the court of first instance is ongoing, it is also possible after the verdict is given, yet before applying to legal remedies or during when the lawsuit file is examined for remedies. If the lawsuit is waived while the proceeding at the court of first instance is ongoing, it should be terminated by a procedural decision of the court of first instance stating that the lawsuit was terminated due to waiver. However, there is no provision in our legislation about which decision will be passed, by which authority and in which manner if the withdrawal from the lawsuit is given within the legal time frame to apply to legal remedies after the verdict is given by the court of first instance or after the verdict is appealed through legal remedies. Therefore, there is an established practice of the Supreme Court on the authority to be applied to and the verdict to be given by this authority if the lawsuit is waived by the plaintiff within the legal time frame for applying to legal remedies after the verdict or while the legal remedies are being examined. Article 57 of the Regulation on Code of Civil Procedure issued after the Code of Civil Procedures No. 6100 came into force on 01.10.2011, introduced for the first time a provision that the lawsuit can be waived after verdict is given by the court of first instance. After the repeal of the Regulation on Code of Civil Procedure, another regulation was introduced with the Regulation on the Regional Courts of Justice and Court of Original Jurisdiction and Chief Public Prosecutor's Office Administrative and Editorial Services (Art. 215). With the provisions of the regulation, a different and new regulation from the practice of the Supreme Court was adopted by assuming that the court will examine the notice of waiver before applying for legal remedies and will give an “additional verdict” in this respect. After the CCO amendment that entered into force on 28.07.2020, regulation regarding the case and the decision to be made were clearly introduced in the Law. Thus, the current situation in practice has been regulated in the CCP and brought into law. In our study will try to reveal which authority is to give the verdict that the lawsuit is terminated upon waiver of the lawsuit after verdict is given by the court of first instance but before applying to legal remedies, or while the lawsuit file is being examined according to the legal remedies in terms of the decisions of the Supreme Court, opinions put forward in the doctrine and the provisions of the Regulations (former HMK Article 57; Regulations Art. 215) and within the framework of the CCP amendment that entered into force on 28.07.2020.
ABSTRACT
Study was conducted to determine the effects of genotype and sex on the technological properties and fatty acid composition of duck meat. Native (n = 15) and Peking (n = 15) ducks were ...slaughtered at 10 wk old, and meat samples were taken from M. pectoralis major (breast) and M. peroneus longus (thigh). The pH24, drip loss, expressed juice, cooking loss, Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), color variables, fatty acid composition, and sensory characteristics were examined. Ultimate pH of breast meat in Peking ducks (6.01) was higher than that of native ducks (5.82). The breast drip loss (3.40%) and cooking loss (31.23%) in native ducks were higher than those in Peking ducks (2.77 and 26.69%, respectively). The expressed juice of thigh meat in native ducks (8.23%) was higher than that of Peking ducks (6.52%). Genotype and sex had no significant influence on WBSF and meat color. Lightness (L*) values of breast and thigh skin were higher in Peking ducks than native ones. In panel evaluation, panelists evaluated the meat of Peking ducks with higher odor and flavor intensity. Breast meat of native ducks had higher Σ-polyunsaturated fatty acid (∑PUFA), ∑n-6 (omega-6) proportions, nutritive value, the ratio of ΣPUFA to Σ-saturated fatty acid (∑SFA) and lower ∑SFA, atherogenic and thrombogenic indices than Peking ducks. Instrumental and sensory characteristics of duck meat as well as fatty acid composition indicate that duck finishing can be considered as an alternative source of high-quality meat production.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different fattening systems on the slaughter and carcass traits of male Hemsin lambs. Hemsin lambs were divided into three groups; ...extensive, semi–intensive, and intensive. Lambs in the extensive group were grazed on pasture. Lambs in the semi-intensive group were grazed on pasture and also fed with concentrated feed. The concentrated feed was given to lambs in the intensive group. The experiment was conducted for 90 days. A total of 24 lambs (8 fattening lambs from each group) were slaughtered. While slaughter weights of extensive, semi–intensive, and intensive fattening groups were 32.71, 41.38 and 41.49 kg, respectively (P
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine live weight and body measurements of male and female native ducks raised in different raising systems. One hundred and twenty native ducks (60 ...males, 60 females) were used in the study. The ducks were raised in deep litter floor and cage systems. Live weight and body values were measured every two weeks, until they were 56 days old. Three-parameter logistic regression and Gompertz model were used to determine growth model of male and female ducks. Interactions of time-raising system and time-sex were statistically significant in terms of live weight. At the end of eight weeks, live weights of ducks raised in deep litter floor were higher than ducks raised in cage system. In addition, live weights of male ducks were higher than female ducks. Consequently, deep litter floor is more appropriate for live weight in native ducks. Accuracy rate of Three-parameter Logistic and Gompertz models for estimation of growth in ducks was between 0.91-0.95 and similar results were obtained from both models. The Gompertz model is appropriate for the data structure of this study because it contains fewer iterations than the Three-Parameter Logistic model.
This study investigated the Pennyroyal in terms of its effects on performance and meat quality (color and pH) in Japanese quails in different levels. A total of one day-old Japanese quail chicks were ...randomly distributed to a control and two experimental groups containing three different levels of pennyroyal (0.0, 0.1 and 0.2 %). Each experimental group was divided into five repetitive groups with, ten quail chicks in each group. At the end of the experiment, the performance values and meat quality parameters (color and pH) were measured. Significant differences were found between the groups according to the growth performance of the quails (P<0.05). At the end of the study, the body weight and body weight gain of the experimental groups in which 0.1% (P1) and 0.2% (P2) pennyroyal supplemented were found to be higher than the control group. It was observed that the feed consumption increased in the P2 group compared to the control group, and the feed conversion rate decreased (P<0.05). There was no significant difference was observed in the carcass yield, heart, liver and gizzard weight (P>0.05). The brightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*) and pH values of the breast meat were not affected by the supplementation of pennyroyal (P>0.05). According to the results of the study, the supplemented of pennyroyal by 0.2% was more effective on the performance.
Bu çalışmada, Yarpuzun (Mentha pulegium L.) farklı seviyelerde Japon bıldırcınlarında performans ve et kalitesi (renk ve pH) üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Toplam 150 adet günlük yaşta Japon bıldırcın civcivi üç farklı düzeyde yarpuz içeren (%0,0, 0,1 ve 0,2) bir kontrol ve iki deneme grubuna rastgele dağıtıldı. Her deneme grubu içerisinde 10 bıldırcın bulunan beş tekerrürlü gruba ayrıldı. Deneme sonunda performans değerleri ve et kalite parametreleri (renk ve pH) ölçüldü. Bıldırcınların büyüme performansı değerlendirildiğinde gruplar arasında önemli farklılıklar bulundu (P<0,05). Çalışma sonu itibariyle %0,1 (P1) ve %0,2 (P2) yarpuz ilave edilen deneme gruplarının canlı ağırlık ve canlı ağırlık artışları kontrol grubuna oranla yüksek bulundu. Yem tüketiminin P2 grubunda kontrol grubuna oranla arttığı, yemden yararlanma oranının ise düştüğü gözlendi (P<0,05). Karkas randımanı, kalp, karaciğer ve taşlık ağırlıkları açısından anlamlı bir fark olmadığı görüldü (P>0,05). Göğüs etinin parlaklık (L*), kırmızılık (a*) ve sarılık (b*) ile pH değerleri yarpuz ilavesinden etkilenmedi (P>0,05). Çalışma sonuçlarına göre yarpuzun %0,2 düzeyinde ilavesinin performans üzerine daha etkili olduğu belirlendi.
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