We study the evolution of star formation activity of galaxies at 0.5 < z < 3.5 as a function of stellar mass, using very deep NIR data taken with the Multi-Object Infrared Camera and Spectrograph on ...the Subaru telescope in the GOODS-North region. The NIR imaging data reach K~ 23-24 Vega magnitude and they allow us to construct a nearly stellar-mass-limited sample down to ~109.5--10 M even at z ~ 3. We estimated star formation rates (SFRs) of the sample with two indicators, namely, the Spitzer/MIPS 24 Delta *mm flux and the rest-frame 2800 A luminosity. The SFR distribution at a fixed M star shifts to higher values with increasing redshift at 0.5 < z < 3.5. More massive galaxies show stronger evolution of SFR at z 1. We found galaxies at 2.5 < z < 3.5 show a bimodality in their SSFR distribution, which can be divided into two populations by a constant SSFR of ~2 Gyr--1. Galaxies in the low-SSFR group have SSFRs of ~0.5-1.0 Gyr--1, while the high-SSFR population shows ~10 Gyr--1. The cosmic SFR density (SFRD) is dominated by galaxies with M star = 1010--11 M at 0.5 < z < 3.5, while the contribution of massive galaxies with M star = 1011--11.5 M shows a strong evolution at z>1 and becomes significant at z ~ 3, especially in the case with the SFR based on MIPS 24 Delta *mm. In galaxies with M star = 1010--11.5 M , those with a relatively narrow range of SSFR (1 dex) dominates the cosmic SFRD at 0.5 < z < 3.5. The SSFR of galaxies that dominate the SFRD systematically increases with redshift. At 2.5 < z < 3.5, the high-SSFR population, which is relatively small in number, dominates the SFRD. Major star formation in the universe at higher redshift seems to be associated with a more rapid growth of stellar mass of galaxies.
More than a decade ago we published a calculation of nuclear ground-state masses and deformations in Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables P. Möller, J.R. Nix, W.D. Myers, W.J. Swiatecki, At. Data ...Nucl. Data Tables 59 (1995) 185. In this study, triaxial nuclear shapes were not considered. We have now enhanced our model and studied the influence of triaxial shape degrees of freedom on the nuclear ground-state potential-energy (mass) and ground-state shape. It turns out that a few hundred nuclei are affected to a varying degree with the largest effect, about 0.7
MeV, occurring near
108Ru. We provide here a table of the calculated effects of triaxial shape degrees of freedom. Although axial-asymmetry effects were not considered in the 1995 mass calculation, it did study the effects of reflection-asymmetric shape degrees of freedom (
ϵ
3
) on nuclear masses. However, the magnitude of the effect was not tabulated. Here, we provide such a table. In addition we calculate the effect in a much improved fashion: we search a four-dimensional deformation space (
ϵ
2
,
ϵ
3
,
ϵ
4
, and
ϵ
6
). This is now possible because the computational resources available to us today are more than 100,000 times better than at the time we calculated the mass table published in 1995.
Craniofacial penetration by a wooden stick Yoshihara, S.; Baba, S.; Kanemaru, A. ...
European annals of otorhinolaryngology, head and neck diseases,
October 2019, 2019-Oct, 2019-10-00, 20191001, Letnik:
136, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Penetrating craniofacial injuries caused by stick-like foreign bodies occur as a result of accidents particularly in children, and often lead to significant morbidity.
We describe a 5-year-old boy ...who sustained facial trauma after falling on a wooden stick which penetrated his left cheek. At the initial visit, his vital and neurological signs were normal. However, the stick had penetrated the frontal lobe to a depth of 3cm via the orbital cavity and the anterior skull base. The stick was successfully removed while visualizing the anterior skull base in an endoscopic transethmoidal approach. A follow-up examination one year after the accident demonstrated normal visual acuity and ocular motility, with no diplopia, tearing or pain.
Penetrating facial injuries caused by stick-like objects carry a significantly higher risk of serious neurological involvement. Even if penetrating facial injuries sometimes appear trivial, the external injury site is often insufficient to determine the position of the object within the head. Although the cheek is a rare entry site for intracranial injuries, the extent of damage should be assessed fully before attempting removal.
An HTS coil quenches despite of the high quench margin. Main origins of unexpected quench of HTS coils are non-reversible local defects, and training effects as in LTS coils are not observed in HTS ...coils. Therefore, when an HTS coil is quenched before the required coil performance is met, the coil cannot be reused unless the coil is safely protected from quench damage and its operating conditions are readjusted. This paper studies on the conditions to reuse the coil which experienced a quench and is not damaged by the quench to meet the required performance. The study is conducted based on the temperature and current dependences of the coil stability measures of the maximum allowable defect (MAD) and minimum propagating zone (MPZ).
Since the growth of prostate cancer is androgen-sensitive, metastatic disease has been treated by hormonal therapy. Almost all prostate cancer patients initially respond to hormonal therapy, but the ...majority gradually develop resistance. The mechanism of the change in tumors from being androgen-responsive to androgen-unresponsive is generally explained by clonal selection, adaptation, an alternative pathway of signal transduction and androgen receptor (AR) involvement. Since androgen action is mediated by ARs, abnormalities in ARs are believed to play an important role in the progression of prostate cancer. Hyperactivated AR gene mutations have been detected in 20-30% of hormone-refractory tumors and functional analyses have demonstrated a wide responsiveness to estrogens, progesterone and anti-androgens as well as to androgens. The AR is highly amplified in 30% of patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer that has been treated by castration without anti-androgens. Immunohistochemical studies of ARs in hormone-refractory prostate cancer specimens have shown that AR protein is down-regulated. DNA hypermethylation of the AR promoter region leading to AR down-regulation has been identified in 30% of hormone-refractory prostate cancers. The AR N-terminal domain in the LNCaP cell line model is activated by interleukin-6 via mitogen-activated protein kinase and single transducers and activators of transcription 3. Epidemiological observations have shown that short CAG repeats are more frequently associated with higher transactivational function in the African-American population, which may explain racial differences in the incidence of prostate cancer. Among Japanese, a short CAG repeat appears to predict a response to hormonal therapy, indicating a positive prognostic value and good prognosis at the metastatic stage of prostate cancer. Several co-factors between ARs and the transcriptional complex have been cloned and reports indicate that steroid receptor co-activator 1 is correlated with the hormone-refractory progression of prostate cancer. Thus, ARs plays an important role in the progression of prostate cancer. Based on the findings described above, genetic diagnosis and/or molecular-targeted therapy via AR pathways can be developed for hormone-refractory states.
Urinary dysfunction is common in Parkinson's disease (PD); however, little is known about urinary dysfunction in early and untreated PD patients.
Fifty consecutive untreated PD patients (mean age, ...66.7; mean disease duration, 23.6 months; and mean Hoehn & Yahr scale, 1.9) were recruited; those with other conditions that might have influenced urinary function were excluded. Patients were evaluated using a urinary questionnaire and urodynamic studies.
Sixty-four per cent complained of urinary symptoms (storage, 64.0%; voiding, 28.0%). Urodynamic studies showed abnormal findings in the storage phase in 84%, with detrusor overactivity (DO) and increased bladder sensation without DO in 58.0% and 12.0% of patients, respectively. In the voiding phase, detrusor underactivity, impaired urethral relaxation such as detrusor sphincter dyssynergia, and bladder outlet obstruction were present in 50.0%, 8.0% and 16% of patients, respectively. In patients with both storage and voiding phase abnormalities, DO+detrusor underactivity was the most common finding. Few patients experienced urge incontinence and/or quality-of-life impairment owing to urinary dysfunction; none had low-compliance bladder or abnormal anal-sphincter motor unit potential. These urinary symptoms and urodynamic findings were not correlated with gender, disease severity or motor symptom type.
Urinary dysfunction, manifested primarily as storage disorders with subclinical voiding disorders and normal anal-sphincter electromyography, occurs in early and untreated PD patients. In cases with severe voiding disorder and/or abnormal anal-sphincter electromyography, other diagnoses should be considered.
Background
Although several previous studies have found benefits for amino acid supplementation in terms of muscle function, the role of plasma amino acid concentrations on sarcopenia are not well ...addressed yet.
Objective
The aim of this study was to compare the amino acid concentrations at each stage of sarcopenia (normal, pre-sarcopenia, dynapenia, and sarcopenia) in community-dwelling older Japanese adults. Setting and Subjects: Community-dwelling older Japanese women (n=232, 79.4±7.0 years) participated in this study.
Measurements
We measured plasma amino acid concentrations, 5-m walking speed, grip strength, and skeletal muscle mass using a bioelectrical impedance data acquisition system and compared them among participants at each stage of sarcopenia.
Results
The proportions of normal, pre-sarcopenia, dynapenia, and sarcopenia patients were 40.5% (n=94), 12.1% (n=28), 26.3% (n=61), and 21.1% (n=49), respectively. Significant differences were observed for concentrations of leucine, branched-chain amino acid (BCAAs), and essential amino acid (EAAs) among the four groups (p<0.05), and the dynapenia and sarcopenia groups showed significantly lower concentrations of leucine than the normal group (p<0.05).
Conclusions
This study indicated a positive relationship between plasma leucine, BCAA and EAA concentrations and muscle function. A longitudinal study is needed to determine the causal relationship between leucine/BCAA concentrations and muscle function.
We investigated crystalline orientation dependence of magnetostriction of twinned rhombohedral perovskite cobalt oxide, La0.8Sr0.2CoO3. The magnetostriction in a magnetic field applied along the ...pseudo-cubic 111c and 110c axes showed large hysteresis and residual strains. On the other hand, hysteresis and residual strain were not observed in the applied magnetic field along the 001c axis. The large hysteresis and residual strains of the magnetostriction along the 111c and 110c axes are successfully interpreted as a rearrangement of the rhombohedral domains with the magnetocrystalline hard axis along the rhombohedral 111r. The no hysteresis and no residual strain of the magnetostriction along the 001c axis are interpreted by equal projection to 001c axis of 111r of all the domains. The twinned structure of La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 with the magnetic anisotropy qualitatively accounts for the crystalline-orientation dependence of the magnetostrictions.
•Crystal orientation dependence of magnetostriction was studied.•The magnetostriction along 111c and 110c showed hysteresis and residual strains.•Hysteresis and residual strain were not observed along 001c.•The rearrangement of the domains qualitatively accounts for the magnetostrictions.
We use very deep near-infrared (NIR) imaging data obtained in MOIRCS Deep Survey (MODS) to investigate the evolution of the galaxy stellar mass function back to z ~ 3. The MODS data reach J = 24.2, H ...= 23.1, and K = 23.1 (5 Delta *s, Vega magnitude) over 103 arcmin2 (wide) and J = 25.1, H = 23.7, and K = 24.1 over 28 arcmin2 (deep) in the GOODS-North region. The wide and very deep NIR data allow us to measure the number density of galaxies down to low stellar mass (109-1010 M ) even at high redshift with high statistical accuracy. The normalization of the mass function decreases with redshift, and the integrated stellar mass density becomes ~8%-18% of the local value at z ~ 2 and ~4%-9% at z ~ 3, which are consistent with results of previous studies in general fields. Furthermore, we found that the low-mass slope becomes steeper with redshift from Delta *a ~ -1.3 at z ~ 1 to Delta *a ~ -1.6 at z ~ 3 and that the evolution of the number density of low-mass (109-1010 M ) galaxies is weaker than that of M* (~1011 M ) galaxies. This indicates that the contribution of low-mass galaxies to the total stellar mass density has been significant at high redshift. The steepening of the low-mass slope with redshift is an opposite trend expected from the stellar mass dependence of the specific star formation rate reported in previous studies. The present result suggests that the hierarchical merging process overwhelmed the effect of the stellar mass growth by star formation and was very important for the stellar mass assembly of these galaxies at 1 z 3.
Measurements of fusion cross-sections of 7Li and 12C with 198Pt at deep sub-barrier energies are reported to unravel the role of the entrance channel in the occurrence of fusion hindrance. The onset ...of fusion hindrance has been clearly observed in C12+Pt198 system but not in Li7+Pt198 system, within the measured energy range. Emergence of the hindrance, moving from lighter (6,7Li) to heavier (12C, 16O) projectiles is explained employing a model that considers a gradual transition from a sudden to adiabatic regime at low energies. The model calculation reveals a weak effect of the damping of coupling to collective motion for the present systems as compared to that obtained for systems with heavier projectiles.
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