This paper presents an efficient approximation method for solving the Riesz space fractional percolation equation mixed fractional derivative (RSFPEMFD) with the initial condition (IC) and derivative ...boundary conditions (DBC) using explicit finite difference method (EFDM). The shifted Grunwald estimate was used for analysis of the mixed fractional derivatives. In addition, the analysis method of consistency, stability, and convergence was used for analyzing the EFDM. To demonstrate the efficiency and validity of the proposed algorithm, some illustrative examples are given and comparing results with the exact solution. The results are displayed when necessary in tables using the MathCAD and MATLAB software package. The EFDM for solving RSFPEMFD has been demonstrated to be effective and reliable.
The physicochemical properties and in vivo absorption of a drug can be altered through cocrystallization with a suitable coformer. The aim of this study was to prepare and characterize Gabapentin ...(Gaba)-saccharine (sacch) sweet cocrystals for improvement of Gaba physicochemical properties, stability and in vivo absorption in addition to masking its taste. The prepared cocrystals were incorporated into oro-dispersible tablets as an attractive dosage form for pediatrics and adults. Gaba-sacch sweet cocrystals were prepared and characterized using FTIR, DSC, XRD and SEM analysis. They enhanced Gaba solubility and particle size distribution. Oro-dispersible tablets of the sweet cocrystals were prepared and evaluated in comparison to tablets prepared by Gaba-sacch physical mixture (PM). The tablets prepared by the cocrystals had lower wetting and disintegration time with enhanced drug release than those prepared with the physical mixture. The optimized formulation was evaluated for Gaba pharmacokinetics in rabbits in comparison to Gaba-sacch PM tablet and Gaba commercial oral capsules. This formulation had enhanced in vivo drug absorption through significant higher C
max
and AUC
0-24
with shorter T
max
. The prepared Gaba-sacch sweet cocrystals oro-dispersible tablets, in addition to its enhanced in vitro and in vivo performance, can also enhance patient compliance through its palatable taste and ease of administration.
Objectives
The present work was conducted to estimate the prevalence of adult Behçet’s disease (BD) in adult Egyptian and to study the clinical pattern and influence of age at-onset and sex on ...disease phenotype. Also, we investigated the spectrum of presentation and frequencies along the north-to-south gradient of the country.
Patients and method
The population-based, multicenter, cross-sectional study included 1526 adult BD patients from 26 specialized Egyptian rheumatology centers. Demographic, clinical, and therapeutic data are assessed for all patients.
Results
The mean age of patients was 35.7 ± 9.84 years, disease duration 6.58 ± 5.25 years, and age at onset 29.37 ± 8.6 years; 91 were juvenile-onset (JoBD). There were 1102 males and 424 females (M:F 2.6:1). Regarding co-morbidities, 19.92% were diabetic, and 26.05% were hypertensive. The mean body mass index was 27.57 ± 5.24 (43.1% overweight; 25.9% obese). The mean BD current activity form was 4.48 ± 4.28. Regarding the medications use, systemic steroid and colchicine were the most common drugs used (947 (90.2%) and 611 (82.7%), respectively). The overall estimated prevalence of BD in Egypt was 3.6/100,000 population being highest in the two main cities: Alexandria (15.27) and Cairo (8.72). Pathergy test was positive in 43.4%. 90.2% were receiving systemic steroids and 8.3%, biologics. Disease characteristics were comparable between JoBD and adult-onset BD cases. Central nervous system (CNS), deep venous thrombosis (DVT), and gastrointestinal (GIT) involvement were significantly higher in males (
p
= 0.01,
p
= 0.001, and
p
= 0.001 respectively) while joint affection (
p
= 0.001) and disease activity (
p
= 0.011) were increased in females.
Conclusions
This study provides current prevalence of BD in Egypt; 3.6/100,000 with no remarkable north-to-south gradient. The sex influences the disease phenotype with the CNS, DVT, and GIT involvement are higher in males, while the joint affection and disease activity were increased in females.
Key Points
•
The prevalence and phenotype of Behçet’s disease across Egypt is presented in a multicenter nationwide study.
•
The potential influence of the age at onset and sex on disease phenotype is highlightened.
•
A review of the literature worldwide is presented allowing comparisons with studies from other nations.
Objective
The aim of this study was to present the epidemiology, clinical manifestations and treatment pattern of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Egyptian patients over the country and compare ...the findings to large cohorts worldwide. Objectives were extended to focus on the age at onset and gender driven influence on the disease characteristics.
Patients and method
This population-based, multicenter, cross-sectional study included 3661 adult SLE patients from Egyptian rheumatology departments across the nation. Demographic, clinical, and therapeutic data were assessed for all patients.
Results
The study included 3661 patients; 3296 females and 365 males (9.03:1) and the median age was 30 years (17–79 years), disease duration 4 years (0–75 years) while the median age at disease onset was 25 years (4–75 years). The overall estimated prevalence of adult SLE in Egypt was 6.1/100,000 population (1.2/100,000 males and 11.3/100,000 females).There were 316 (8.6%) juvenile-onset (Jo-SLE) and 3345 adult-onset (Ao-SLE). Age at onset was highest in South and lowest in Cairo (p < 0.0001).
Conclusion
SLE in Egypt had a wide variety of clinical and immunological manifestations, with some similarities with that in other nations and differences within the same country. The clinical characteristics, autoantibodies and comorbidities are comparable between Ao-SLE and Jo-SLE. The frequency of various clinical and immunological manifestations varied between gender. Additional studies are needed to determine the underlying factors contributing to gender and age of onset differences.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
لتقييم ومقارنة معامل الانحناء ونفاذية الضوء بين مادة البولي بروبيلين ومادة الكوبوليستر البلاستيكية الحرارية وبين عوامل التنظيف الأربعة على كل مادة بعد التعرض طويل الأمد لطرق التنظيف المختلفة.
تم ...استخدام مائة وعشرين قطعة موحدة من مادة المثبتات البولي روبيلين والكوبوليستر في هذه الدراسة بعد تشكيلها بالحرارة. تم تقسيمها بالتساوي إلى ست مجموعات فرعية: (كما وردت، اللعاب الاصطناعي، الكلورهيكسيدين، غسول الفم الكحولي وغير الكحولي، وحبيبات تنظيف المثبت). خضعت هذه القطع لعملية تنظيف بموجب البروتوكول التالي: 15 دقيقة غمر، ثلاث مرات اسبوعياً، لمدة ثلاثة أشهر. بعد ثلاثة أشهر، تم قياس معامل الانحناء ونفاذية الضوء لجميع العينات باستخدام اختبار الانحناء بثلاث نقاط ومقياس الطيف الضوئي على التوالي. تم تطبيق اختبار تحليل التباين الأحادي الاتجاه واختبار تي المستقل لمقارنة الوسائل، وتم استخدام اختبار التوكي عندما كان هناك فرق كبير.
أظهرت النتائج الإحصائية لكل نوع من أنواع المثبتات أن قيم معامل الانحناء لمثبت الكوبوليستر تختلف إحصائيا عن مادة البولي بروبيلين في غسول الفم الكلورهيكسيدين، وغسول الفم الكحولي، وحبيبات تنظيف المثبت. بينما كان للكوبوليستر فرق معنوي في نفاذية الضوء من البولي بروبلين في جميع الظروف. لم يكن هناك فرق معنوي في قيم معامل الانحناء بين الظروف المختلفة، بينما كان هناك فرق معنوي في نفاذية الضوء بين غسول الفم الكحولي والظروف المختلفة لمادة البوليستر.
بناءً على هذه النتائج، يمكن استخدام أي عامل تنظيف بأمان لكلتا المادتين دون التأثير على معامل المرونة. ومع ذلك، فإن غسول الفم الكحولي قلل من نفاذية الضوء لنوع مثبت الكوليستر.
This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of four cleaning agents on the flexural modulus and light transmittance properties of polypropylene and copolyester thermoplastic retainer materials after long-term exposure.
A total of 120 pieces of standardized copolyester and polypropylene retainer materials were tested after being thermoformed. They were divided equally into six subgroups: as-received, artificial saliva, chlorhexidine, alcohol-based and alcohol-free mouthwashes, and Retainer Brite®. The pieces were subjected to a cleaning process involving 15 minute immersion three times weekly for 3 months. The flexural modulus and light transmittance were then measured for all specimens with three point bending tests and spectrophotometry, respectively. One-way ANOVA and independent samples t-test were applied to compare the means, and Tukey's post hoc test was used in cases of significant differences. The threshold for significance was 0.05.
For each retainer type, the statistical results revealed that the flexural modulus values of the copolyester retainer material significantly differed from those of polypropylene material under chlorhexidine mouthwash, alcohol-based mouthwash, and Retainer Brite® conditions. Copolyester and polypropylene showed significant differences in light transmittance under all conditions. No significant difference in flexural modulus values was observed among conditions, whereas significant differences in light transmittance were observed between alcohol-based mouthwash and the other conditions for copolyester material.
According to our results, any cleaning agent can be safely used for both materials without affecting the elastic modulus. However, alcohol-based mouthwash decreases the light transmittance of copolyester retainer material.
In the present study, the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was performed via 20 kHz frequency ultrasonic solution processing technique. Synthesis of rGo was confirmed by various techniques ...including color changes, UV-vis spectra, x-ray analysis, infrared spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic light-scattering. The cytotoxicity of rGO was examined against human breast cancer MCF-7 cells by measuring different parameters including MTT, suppression of NF-κB translocation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, acridine orange-ethidium bromide staining, and single cell gel electrophoresis. Also, the gene expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins were measured using quantitative PCR analysis as well as florescence microscopy and indicated that rGO induces cell death using apoptosis as an exclusive mechanism. Our results shows for the first time that the rGO inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells, leading to programmed cell death through activation of the mitochondrial-mediated signaling pathway with the involvement of the NF-kB signalling pathway. Taken together the present data suggest that rGO can be possibly employed in the treatment of breast cancer with the function of a potent synergistic agent added to anticancer therapy protocols.
Watermarking in Medical Image Nashwan Alsalam Ali; Iman I. Hamid
International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering,
01/2023, Letnik:
19, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Medical image security is possible using digital watermarking techniques. Important information is included in a host medical image in order to provide integrity, consistency, and authentication in ...the healthcare information system. This paper introduces a proposed method for embedding invisible watermarking in the 3D medical image. The cover medical image used is DICOM which consists of a number of slices, each one representing a sense, firstly must separate the ROI (Region of Interest) and NROI (Not Region Of Interest) for each slice, the separation process performed by the particular person who selected by hand the ROI. The embedding process is based on a key generated from Arnold's chaotic map used as the position of a pixel in the slices with the highest saturation for embedding a secret message in the NROI because the ROI contains the information of the ill, so it cannot be modified. The evaluation of the proposed method using PSNR and MSE shows good results according to both requirements of the watermark system, the invisibility and quality of the watermarked medical image where the PSNR value is up to 43.3936 and MSE is up to 0.000041.
This study investigated the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin genes and shiga toxin -producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in fish and evaluated quality parameters of examined fish. A total ...of 150 fish samples belonging to 6 species (25/each species) were cultured on Baird-Parker agar and eosin methylene blue agar. Staphylococcal enterotoxin genes and virulence genes (stx1, stx2, and eaeA genes) in E. coli serotypes were determined by multiplex PCR. Aerobic plate count (APC), Enterobacteriaceae count, coliform count, and Pseudomonas count were performed. Also, levels of total volatile base nitrogen and histamine in fish were determined. The prevalence of S. aureus ranged from 4% to 36% and count from 2 to 4 log
CFU/g. The sed, sea, and seb genes in S. aureus isolates were detected with percentages of 40%, 26.6%, and 20%, respectively. The E. coli serotype O26 carried stx1, stx2, and eaeA. The APCs, Enterobacteriaceae counts, and Pseudomonas counts ranged from 5.1 to 7.2, from 2.01 to 3.9, and from 2.1 to 3.1 log
CFU/g, respectively. The most probable number (MPN) of coliform ranged from 1.3 to 3.6 log
/g. Levels of total volatile basic nitrogen and histamine ranged from 29.2 to 12.2 and from 0.6 to 4.6 mg/100 g, respectively. Also, the value of thiobarbituric acid was highly significant (1.1 ± 0.084 mg MDA/kg) in Trachurus mediterraneus samples compared with those levels obtained from other fish species. Our findings concluded that those fish species could constitute a public health hazard as fish are reservoirs for enterotoxigenic S. aureus and Shiga toxin producing E. coli strains. This study highlighted the importance of screening of fish for enterotoxigenic S. aureus strains and STEC isolates, and also assessing the quality parameters of fish.
AIM:To assess the effectiveness of hepatitis B virus(HBV) vaccination program among fully vaccinated children.METHODS:A national community based crosssectional study was carried out in 6 governorates ...representing Egypt. A total of 3600 children aged from 9 mo to 16 years who were fully vaccinated with HBV vaccine during infancy were recruited. Face to face interviews were carried out and sera were evaluated for hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsA g),anti-HBV core antibodies(total) and quantitative detection of hepatitis B surface antibody using enzyme linked immunoassays techniques. Samples positive to HBs Ag/anti-HBV core antibodies were subjected to quantitative HBV-DNA detection by real time polymerase chain reaction with 3.8 IU/L detection limit. RESULTS:Sero-protection was detected among 2059 children(57.2%) with geometric mean titers 75.4 ± 3.6 IU/L compared to 3.1 ± 2.1 IU/L among nonseroprotected children. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that older age and female gender were the significant predicting variables for having non seroprotective level,with adjusted odds ratio 3.3,9.1and 14.2 among children aged 5 to < 10,10 to < 15 and ≥ 15 years respectively compared to those < 5 years and 1.1 among girls compared to boys with P < 0.01. HBs Ag was positive in 0.11% and breakthrough infection was 0.36% and 0.39% depending on positivity of anti-HBc and DNA detection respectively. The prevalence of HBV infection was significantly higher among children aged ≥ 7 years(0.59%) compared to 0.07% among younger children with odds ratio equal to 8.4(95%CI:1.1-64.2) and P < 0.01.The prevalence was higher among girls(0.48%) than boys(0.29%) with P > 0.05. C ON C LU S I ON :T he E gy pt ian c ompuls or y H B V vaccination program provides adequate protection. Occult HBV infection exists among apparently healthy vaccinated children. Adherence to infection control measures is mandatory.
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