Organic semiconductors (OSCs) have been widely studied due to their merits such as mechanical flexibility, solution processability, and large‐area fabrication. However, OSC devices still have to ...overcome contact resistance issues for better performances. Because of the Schottky contact at the metal–OSC interfaces, a non‐ideal transfer curve feature often appears in the low‐drain voltage region. To improve the contact properties of OSCs, there have been several methods reported, including interface treatment by self‐assembled monolayers and introducing charge injection layers. Here, a selective contact doping of 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4‐TCNQ) by solid‐state diffusion in poly(2,5‐bis(3‐hexadecylthiophen‐2‐yl)thieno3,2‐bthiophene) (PBTTT) to enhance carrier injection in bottom‐gate PBTTT organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) is demonstrated. Furthermore, the effect of post‐doping treatment on diffusion of F4‐TCNQ molecules in order to improve the device stability is investigated. In addition, the application of the doping technique to the low‐voltage operation of PBTTT OFETs with high‐k gate dielectrics demonstrated a potential for designing scalable and low‐power organic devices by utilizing doping of conjugated polymers.
An enhanced charge injection in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) by molecular implantation doping is demonstrated. With this approach and an etching treatment for improving the off‐current stability, a low‐voltage operation of poly(2,5‐bis(3‐tetradecylthiophen‐2‐yl)thieno3,2‐bthiophene) OFETs by using a high‐k gate dielectric is achieved, which is relevant for realizing low‐power organic electronics.
Scope
Animal protein intake among Koreans has recently increased. However, there is limited evidence on the association of meat and fish/seafood intake and mortality.
Methods and results
This study ...uses three representative prospective cohorts in Korea and 134,586 eligible participants are selected. Food intake is assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Outcomes are classified as death from cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and all‐causes. Red meat intake shows a marginally negative association with all‐cause mortality in the median intake group and a positive association in the highest intake group. Processed meat intake in the highest quintile group is positively associated with all‐cause mortality compared to that of the lowest quintile group. Fish intake in the highest quintile group is negatively associated with CVD mortality in men, and all‐cause mortality in women, compared to those in the lowest quintile group, while processed fish intake has unfavorable effects on mortality. In addition, substitution of one serving per week of red and processed meat, and processed fish with fish is negatively associated with all‐cause and CVD mortality.
Conclusion
Reduction of red and processed meat, and processed fish consumption or replacement of these foods with fish may be beneficial for longevity in Korean adults.
The effect of meat and fish/seafood intake on mortality is investigated in the Korean population. Consumption of fish is inversely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all‐cause mortality while consumption of red and processed meat, and processed fish is positively associated with all‐cause mortality. Replacement of these foods for fish results in a reduced risk of all‐cause and CVD mortality.
Post-translational modification (PTM) is an essential mechanism for enhancing the functional diversity of proteins and adjusting their signaling networks. The reversible conjugation of ubiquitin (Ub) ...and ubiquitin-like proteins (Ubls) to cellular proteins is among the most prevalent PTM, which modulates various cellular and physiological processes by altering the activity, stability, localization, trafficking, or interaction networks of its target molecules. The Ub/Ubl modification is tightly regulated as a multi-step enzymatic process by enzymes specific to this family. There is growing evidence that the dysregulation of Ub/Ubl modifications is associated with various diseases, providing new targets for drug development. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in understanding the roles and therapeutic targets of the Ub and Ubl systems in the onset and progression of human diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and heart diseases.
► Tangeretin, stimulates glucose uptake in C2C12 myotube. ► Tangeretin is an activator of AMPK signaling pathways. ► Tangeretin improves impaired glucose tolerance in high-fat diet-induced obese ...mice.
Although the flavonoid tangeretin (5, 6, 7, 8, 4′-pentamethoxyflavone) is known to possess beneficial health effects, the anti-diabetic effects and the mechanism of action have not been elucidated. Treatment with 100μM tangeretin significantly increased the uptake of 2-NBDG in C2C12 myotubes. We also found that AMPK and AS160 were markedly phosphorylated by tangeretin treatment. In addition, pretreatment with an AMPK inhibitor significantly abrogated tangeretin-stimulated AS160 phosphorylation, glucose uptake, and Glut4 translocation from the cytosol to the plasma membrane. Furthermore, disruption of AMPK using siRNA transfection prevented the glucose uptake stimulated by tangeretin.
We also examined the anti-diabetic properties of tangeretin in mice on HFD. Administration of HFD plus 200mg/kg of tangeretin significantly altered weight gain, glucose tolerance, total cholesterol levels, and the secretion of adipocytokines, such as adiponectin, leptin, resistin, IL-6, and MCP-1. Moreover, AMPK was activated by 200mg/kg of tangeretin in mouse muscle tissue, as expected from the cell system.
These results suggest that tangeretin exerts anti-diabetic effects in both cell culture and mouse models, and these effects are necessary for activating AMPK.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyze the outcomes of arthroscopic suture bridge repairs of massive rotator cuff tears. Methods Thirty-six patients with massive rotator cuff tears that had ...been repaired by arthroscopic suture bridge repair were enrolled in this study. The mean follow-up period after surgery was 37.6 ± 8.9 months (range, 25 to 56). Arthroscopic en masse suture bridge repair was used in delaminated tears. The integrity of the repaired rotator cuff was examined by ultrasonography 4.5 months, 1 year, and 2 years after surgery. Functional outcomes were evaluated using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) shoulder score, Constant score, range of motion, and muscle power. Results Twenty-seven cases (75%) showed complete healing on serial ultrasonography, whereas recurrent tears were detected in the remaining 9 cases (25%). Five retears were smaller than, and the other 4 were the same as or larger than, the initial tear. Overall mean functional scores and values improved after surgery. Although the 4 larger retears had a poorer outcome with respect to ASES score than the healed group ( P = .005), the Constant score for these 4 retears did not significantly differ at the last follow-up ( P = .175). Mean ASES and Constant scores for the larger tear group were also relatively satisfactory (64.2 and 63.0, respectively). Fatty degeneration of the supraspinatus on preoperative magnetic resonance images was associated with a high retear rate ( P = .003, odds ratio = 13.664). Conclusions Massive rotator cuff tears can be treated successfully by arthroscopic en masse suture bridge repair with satisfactory results. Larger retears had some adverse effects on functional outcome, whereas patients with smaller retears did not significantly differ in functional outcome from the healed group. Fatty degeneration of the supraspinatus on preoperative magnetic resonance images is a poor prognostic indicator. Level of Evidence Level IV, therapeutic case series.
The electrical properties of ferrocene‐alkanethiolate self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) on a high yield solid‐state device structure are investigated. The devices are fabricated using a conductive ...polymer interlayer between the top electrode and the SAM on both silicon‐based rigid substrates and plastic‐based flexible substrates. Asymmetric electrical transport characteristics that originate from the ferrocene moieties are observed. In particular, a distinctive temperature dependence of the current (i.e., a decrease in current density as temperature increases) at a large reverse bias, which is associated with the redox reaction of ferrocene groups in the molecular junction, is found. It is further demonstrated that the molecular devices can function on flexible substrates under various mechanical stress configurations with consistent electrical characteristics. This study enhances the understanding of asymmetric molecules and may lead to the development of functional molecular electronic devices on both rigid and flexible substrates.
The electrical properties of ferrocene‐alkanethiolate molecular devices on both rigid and flexible substrates are studied. A distinctive temperature dependence of the current (i.e., a decrease in current as temperature increases) upon an applied bias polarity, which is associated with the redox of ferrocene groups in the junctions, is observed. The flexible molecular devices function consistently under various mechanical stress configurations.
In the past decade, intensive studies on monolayer MoS2-based phototransistors have been carried out to achieve further enhanced optoelectronic characteristics. However, the intrinsic optoelectronic ...characteristics of monolayer MoS2 have still not been explored until now because of unintended interferences, such as multiple reflections of incident light originating from commonly used opaque substrates. This leads to overestimated photoresponsive characteristics inevitably due to the enhanced photogating and photoconductive effects. Here, we reveal the intrinsic photoresponsive characteristics of monolayer MoS2, including its internal responsivity and quantum efficiency, in fully transparent monolayer MoS2 phototransistors employing a van der Waals heterostructure. Interestingly, as opposed to the previous reports, the internal photoresponsive characteristics do not significantly depend on the wavelength of the incident light as long as the electron–hole pairs are generated in the same k-space. This study provides a deeper understanding of the photoresponsive characteristics of MoS2 and lays the foundation for two-dimensional materials-based transparent phototransistors.
•Application EDI process for recovery lithium ion using bipolar membrane.•Comparing with chemical and electrical desorption efficiency.•Main factors of BEDI process for optimization were ...evaluated.•Useful method for recovery lithium ion was suggested.
This study aims to evaluate the effect of LMO (lithium manganese oxide) and enhanced BEDI (bipolar membrane electro-dialysis deionization) on the lithium ion desorption process for the recovery of lithium ions. The factors that influence lithium ion recovery are evaluated in reference to the pH, voltage, flow rates, and number of bipolar membrane sheets to present the optimal conditions. The research findings show that in the desorption of LMO lithium ions, the lower the pH, the higher the desorption rates. When the voltage was 6.5V per sheet, the desorption rates were approximately 70%, and when flow rates were 0.44mL/cm2min, the desorption was approximately 30min faster than that at other flow rates. When the number of bipolar membrane sheets was 4, it was possible to control 4 the pH to under 4, a level at which lithium ions adsorbed onto LMO might affect the desorption phenomenon. For a combination of the conditions above, the desorption efficiency of lithium ions was approximately 70%, and the recovery time was reduced by approximately 180min compared to when a chemical process was used for lithium ion desorption.
Liver and serum metabolites of obese and lean mice fed on high fat or normal diets were analyzed using ultraperformance liquid chromatography−quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, gas ...chromatography−mass spectrometry, and partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Obese and lean groups were clearly discriminated from each other on PLS-DA score plot and major metabolites contributing to the discrimination were assigned as lipid metabolites (fatty acids, phosphatidylcholines (PCs), and lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPCs)), lipid metabolism intermediates (betaine, carnitine, and acylcarnitines), amino acids, acidic compounds, monosaccharides, and serotonin. A high-fat diet increased lipid metabolites but decreased lipid metabolism intermediates and the NAD/NADH ratio, indicating that abnormal lipid and energy metabolism induced by a high-fat diet resulted in fat accumulation via decreased β-oxidation. In addition, this study revealed that the levels of many metabolites, including serotonin, betaine, pipecolic acid, and uric acid, were positively or negatively related to obesity-associated diseases. On the basis of these metabolites, we proposed a metabolic pathway related to high-fat diet-induced obesity. These metabolites can be used to better understand obesity and related diseases induced by a hyperlipidic diet. Furthermore, the level changes of these metabolites can be used to assess the risk of obesity and the therapeutic effect of obesity management.
In this work, an intensive plasmonic flash light sintering technique was developed by using a band-pass light filter matching the plasmonic wavelength of the copper nanoparticles. The sintering ...characteristics, such as resistivity and microstructure, of the copper nanoink films were studied as a function of the range of the wavelength employed in the flash white light sintering. The flash white light irradiation conditions (e.g., wavelength range, irradiation energy, pulse number, on-time, and off-time) were optimized to obtain a high conductivity of the copper nanoink films without causing damage to the polyimide substrate. The wavelength range corresponding to the plasmonic wavelength of the copper nanoparticles could efficiently sinter the copper nanoink and enhance its conductivity. Ultimately, the sintered copper nanoink films under optimal light sintering conditions showed the lowest resistivity (6.97 μΩ·cm), which was only 4.1 times higher than that of bulk copper films (1.68 μΩ·cm)
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