It is expected that artificial intelligence (AI) will be used extensively in the medical field in the future.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the awareness of AI among Korean doctors and ...to assess physicians' attitudes toward the medical application of AI.
We conducted an online survey composed of 11 closed-ended questions using Google Forms. The survey consisted of questions regarding the recognition of and attitudes toward AI, the development direction of AI in medicine, and the possible risks of using AI in the medical field.
A total of 669 participants completed the survey. Only 40 (5.9%) answered that they had good familiarity with AI. However, most participants considered AI useful in the medical field (558/669, 83.4% agreement). The advantage of using AI was seen as the ability to analyze vast amounts of high-quality, clinically relevant data in real time. Respondents agreed that the area of medicine in which AI would be most useful is disease diagnosis (558/669, 83.4% agreement). One possible problem cited by the participants was that AI would not be able to assist in unexpected situations owing to inadequate information (196/669, 29.3%). Less than half of the participants(294/669, 43.9%) agreed that AI is diagnostically superior to human doctors. Only 237 (35.4%) answered that they agreed that AI could replace them in their jobs.
This study suggests that Korean doctors and medical students have favorable attitudes toward AI in the medical field. The majority of physicians surveyed believed that AI will not replace their roles in the future.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Over the past few decades, nanostructured conducting polymers have received great attention in several application fields, including biosensors, microelectronics, polymer batteries, actuators, energy ...conversion, and biological applications due to their excellent conductivity, stability, and ease of preparation. In the bioengineering application field, the conducting polymers were reported as excellent matrixes for the functionalization of various biological molecules and thus enhanced their performances as biosensors. In addition, combinations of metals or metal oxides nanostructures with conducting polymers result in enhancing the stability and sensitivity as the biosensing platform. Therefore, several methods have been reported for developing homogeneous metal/metal oxide nanostructures thin layer on the conducting polymer surfaces. This review will introduce the fabrications of different conducting polymers nanostructures and their composites with different shapes. We will exhibit the different techniques that can be used to develop conducting polymers nanostructures and to investigate their chemical, physical and topographical effects. Among the various biosensors, we will focus on conducting polymer-integrated electrochemical biosensors for monitoring important biological targets such as DNA, proteins, peptides, and other biological biomarkers, in addition to their applications as cell-based chips. Furthermore, the fabrication and applications of the molecularly imprinted polymer-based biosensors will be addressed in this review.
It is essential and important to determine the adsorption mechanism as well as removal efficiency when using an adsorption technique to remove toxic heavy metals from wastewater. In this research, ...the removal efficiency and mechanism of chromium removal by a silica-based nanoparticle were investigated. A PEI-silica nanoparticle was synthesized by a one-pot technique and exhibited uniformly well-dispersed PEI polymers in silica particles. The adsorption capacity of chromium ions was determined by a batch adsorption test, with the PEI-silica nanoparticle having a value of 183.7 mg/g and monolayer sorption. Adsorption of chromium ions was affected by the solution pH and altered the nanoparticle surface chemically. First principles calculations of the adsorption energies for the relevant adsorption configurations and XPS peaks of Cr and N showed that Cr(VI), HCrO
is reduced to two species, Cr(III), CrOH
and Cr
, by an amine group and that Cr(III) and Cr(VI) ions are adsorbed on different functional groups, oxidized N and NH
.
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been widely utilized to develop various biosensors for molecular diagnosis, as they can be easily functionalized and exhibit unique optical properties explained by ...plasmonic effects. These unique optical properties of GNPs allow the expression of an intense color under light that can be tuned by altering their size, shape, composition, and coupling with other plasmonic nanoparticles. Additionally, they can also enhance other optical signals, such as fluorescence and Raman scattering, making them suitable for biosensor development. In this review, we provide a detailed discussion of the currently developed biosensors based on the aforementioned unique optical features of GNPs. Mainly, we focus on four different plasmonic biosensing methods, including localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), fluorescence enhancement, and quenching caused by plasmon and colorimetry changes based on the coupling of GNPs. We believe that the topics discussed here are useful and able to provide a guideline in the development of novel GNP-based biosensors in the future.
Inspired by the relatively simple morphological blueprint provided by batoid fish such as stingrays and skates, we created a biohybrid system that enables an artificial animal—a tissue-engineered ...ray—to swim and phototactically follow a light cue. By patterning dissociated rat cardiomyocytes on an elastomeric body enclosing a microfabricated gold skeleton, we replicated fish morphology at 1/10 scale and captured basic fin deflection patterns of batoid fish. Optogenetics allows for phototactic guidance, steering, and turning maneuvers. Optical stimulation induced sequential muscle activation via serpentine-patterned muscle circuits, leading to coordinated undulatory swimming. The speed and direction of the ray was controlled by modulating light frequency and by independently eliciting right and left fins, allowing the biohybrid machine to maneuver through an obstacle course.
Global soil nitrogen (N) cycling remains poorly understood due to its complex driving mechanisms. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of global soil δ15N, a stable isotopic signature indicative ...of the N input–output balance, using a machine‐learning approach on 10,676 observations from 2670 sites. Our findings reveal prevalent joint effects of climatic conditions, plant N‐use strategies, soil properties, and other natural and anthropogenic forcings on global soil δ15N. The joint effects of multiple drivers govern the latitudinal distribution of soil δ15N, with more rapid N cycling at lower latitudes than at higher latitudes. In contrast to previous climate‐focused models, our data‐driven model more accurately simulates spatial changes in global soil δ15N, highlighting the need to consider the joint effects of multiple drivers to estimate the Earth's N budget. These insights contribute to the reconciliation of discordances among empirical, theoretical, and modeling studies on soil N cycling, as well as sustainable N management.
The stable N isotope (δ15N) has emerged as a useful tool for integrating N cycling processes into a single metric. Early studies hold that climatic conditions predominantly control soil δ15N and N cycling, whereas our comprehensive analysis reveals prevalent joint effects of climatic conditions, plant N‐use strategies, soil properties, and other natural and anthropogenic forcings on global soil δ15N. Considering the joint effects of multiple drivers is critical for better understanding and assessing the Earth's N balance.
Portable fluorescence sensors have been developed for biochemical detection, water quality monitoring, biomedical sensing, and many other applications. With help of advancement in modern electronics, ...conventional fluorescence-based instrumentations are now integrated into portable sensing devices for remote and resource-limited settings. In this work, fluorescence sensing technology is introduced and different applications of portable fluorescence sensors and their characteristics are reviewed. Current issues, technological challenges, and future direction of the portable fluorescence sensor development are discussed. The goal is to provide a comprehensive survey on the recent advancements in optics, semiconductors, smartphones, and many other manufacturing technologies that increased the portability, miniaturization, and sensitivity of portable fluorescence sensor devices.
Nucleic acid biomarkers have been widely used to detect various viral-associated diseases, including the recent pandemic COVID-19. The CRISPR-Cas-based trans-activating phenomenon has shown excellent ...potential for developing sensitive and selective detection of nucleic acids. However, the nucleic acid amplification steps are typically required when sensitive and selective monitoring of the target nucleic acid is needed. To overcome the aforementioned challenges, we developed a CRISPR-Cas12a-based nucleic acid amplification-free biosensor by a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-assisted ultrasensitive detection system. We integrated the activated CRISPR-Cas12a by viral DNA with a Raman-sensitive system composed of ssDNA-immobilized Raman probe-functionalized Au nanoparticles (RAuNPs) on the graphene oxide (GO)/triangle Au nanoflower array. Using this CRISPR-based Raman-sensitive system improved the detection sensitivity of the multiviral DNAs such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), human papillomavirus 16 (HPV-16), and HPV-18 with an extremely low detection limit and vast detection range from 1 aM to 100 pM without the amplification steps. We suggest that this ultrasensitive amplification-free detection system for nucleic acids can be widely applied to the precise and early diagnosis of viral infections, cancers, and several genetic diseases.
A newly developed electrochemical biosensor composed of a topological insulator (TI) and metallic DNA (mDNA) is fabricated. The bismuth selenide nanoparticle (Bi2Se3 NP) is synthesized and sandwiched ...between the gold electrode and another Au‐deposited thin layer (Bi2Se3@Au). Then, eight‐silver‐ion mediated double‐stranded DNA (mDNA) is immobilized onto the substrate (Bi2Se3@Au‐mDNA) for the further detection of hydrogen peroxide. The Bi2Se3 NP acts as the electrochemical‐signal booster, while unprecedentedly its encapsulation by the Au thin layer keeps the TI surface states protected, improves its electrochemical‐signal stability and provides an excellent platform for the subsequent covalent immobilization of the mDNA through Au–thiol interaction. Electrochemical results show that the fabricated biosensor represents much higher Ag+ redox current (≈10 times) than those electrodes prepared without Bi2Se3@Au. The characterization of the Bi2Se3@Au‐mDNA film is confirmed by atomic force microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The proposed biosensor shows a dynamic range of 00.10 × 10−6m to 27.30 × 10−6m, very low detection limit (10 × 10−9m), unique current response (1.6 s), sound H2O2 recovery in serum, and substantial capability to classify two breast cancer subtypes (MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231) based on their difference in the H2O2 generation, offering potential applications in the biomedicine and pharmacology fields.
Bi2Se3 nanoparticle encapsulated between the two layers of gold, owing to its unique electrical properties, is found to enhance the electrochemical signal of silver ion intercalated inside the DNA helix and increase the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the proposed biosensor. The Bi2Se3@Au‐mDNA biosensor offers an unrivaled current response (1.6 s) and a low limit of detection (10 × 10−9m).
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a three-dimensional (3-D) optical imaging technology that provides noninvasive, micrometer resolution images of structural interiors within biological samples ...with an approximately 1 ~ 2 mm penetration depth. Over the last decades, advances in OCT have revolutionized biomedical imaging by demonstrating a potential of optical biopsy in preclinical and clinical settings. Recently, functional OCT imaging has shown a promise as angiography to visualize cell-perfused vasculatures in the tissue bed in vivo without requiring any exogenous contrast agents. This new technology termed OCT angiography (OCTA) possesses a unique imaging capability of delineating tissue morphology and blood or lymphatic vessels down to capillaries at real-time acquisition rates. For the past 10 years since 2007, OCTA has been proven to be a useful tool to identify disorder or dysfunction in tissue microcirculation from both experimental animal studies and clinical studies in ophthalmology and dermatology. In this section, we overview about OCTA including a basic principle of OCTA explained with simple optical physics, and its scan protocols and post-processing algorithms for acquisition of angiography. Then, potential and challenge of OCTA for clinical settings are shown with outcomes of human studies.
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