Background
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare, hereditary, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by recurrent upper and lower respiratory tract infections. This study aimed to compare ...pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, exercise capacity, physical fitness, and activities of daily living (ADLs) retrospectively between patients with PCD and healthy controls.
Methods
Data from 20 patients with PCD and 20 matched, healthy counterparts recorded between July 2015 and January 2017 were analyzed. The data evaluated and recorded included pulmonary function using a portable spirometer, respiratory muscle strength (using a mouth pressure device, exercise capacity using the incremental shuttle walk test,), physical fitness (using the Munich Fitness Test), and ADLs (using the Glittre ADL test).
Results
Pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, incremental shuttle walk test scores (all parameters), and total Munich Fitness Test scores were lower in the PCD group relative to controls (P < 0.05). The duration to complete the Glittre ADL test was higher in PCD patients than in healthy subjects (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
Pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, exercise capacity, physical fitness, and ADL were affected by PCD. Thus, pulmonary rehabilitation regimens should be tailored according to these impacts.
Objective
Extrapulmonary involvement such as balance and reaction time is unclear in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate visuomotor reaction time (VMRT) and dynamic ...balance in children with CF and non‐CF bronchiectasis compared to healthy children.
Design/Methods
Demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded. All children were evaluated with pulmonary function test (PFT) using a spirometer, incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) for exercise capacity, Fitlight Trainer for VMRT, and functional reach test (FRT) for dynamic balance.
Results
Fourteen children with CF (10.71 ± 2.94 years, 7 females), 17 children with non‐CF bronchiectasis (12.75 ± 2.81 years, 8 females), and 21 healthy children (11.36 ± 3.28 years, 11 females) were included. Children with CF had longer total VMRT (P = .027), poorer FRT performance (P = .001), and shorter ISWT distances (P = .03) compared to the children with non‐CF bronchiectasis and controls. Although total VMRT was longest in the CF group, there was no significant difference in mean VMRT among the CF, non‐CF bronchiectasis, and control groups (P > .05).
Conclusion
Dynamic balance and VMRT show greater impairment in children with CF than in children with non‐CF bronchiectasis compared to healthy controls. Our findings suggest that VMRT and dynamic balance should be taken into consideration for assessments and exercise programs in pulmonary rehabilitation.
ABSTRACT
Background and objective
Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) enhances velocity of inspiratory muscle contraction and modifies inspiratory and expiratory time. This study aimed to examine the ...impact of high‐intensity IMT (H‐IMT) on exercise capacity in bronchiectasis.
Methods
Forty‐five patients were included. Lung function, respiratory muscle strength and endurance, exercise capacity, dyspnoea, fatigue and quality of life (QOL) were evaluated. Patients were randomized into two groups: H‐IMT and control groups. Twenty‐three patients underwent H‐IMT for 8 weeks, using threshold loading with a target workload of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) of at least 70%, with 3‐min cycles (as 2‐min training: 1‐min rest intervals) for 21 min. There was a total period of 14 min of loaded breathing and 7 min of recovery. The control group (n = 22) underwent low‐intensity IMT at 10% of the initial MIP and was maintained at the same intensity until the end of the training.
Results
After training, both MIP and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) and the incremental shuttle walk distance were increased in the H‐IMT group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in constant threshold load, time and pressure–time units in the H‐IMT group (P < 0.05) but not in the control group (P > 0.05). A significant decrease was found in fatigue in both groups (P < 0.05). The Leicester Cough Questionnaire social score for the H‐IMT group decreased significantly after the treatment (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
The H‐IMT increased exercise capacity in patients with non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. It has also positive effects on respiratory muscle strength and endurance, and social aspects of QOL.
The present randomized controlled study contributes to the literature about the impact of high‐intensity inspiratory muscle training (H‐IMT) in bronchiectasis. We showed that H‐IMT increased respiratory muscle strength and endurance, exercise capacity and social aspects of quality of life in patients with non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis
General movements (GMs) in infants occur as fidgety movements (FMs) between postterm 9 and 20 weeks. We aimed to evaluate FMs and motor repertoire in infants with cystic fibrosis (CF) and their ...relation with clinical findings.
Demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded. FMs and motor repertoire were analyzed from a 5-min video recording of each infant. Videos were rated based on the Prechtl General Movement Assessment and motor optimality score (MOS) was calculated.
The analysis included 18 infants with CF and 20 healthy infants at postterm age of 3-5 months. MOS was significantly lower in the infants with CF compared to controls (p < 0.05). Fifty percent of the infants with CF had abnormal or absent/sporadic FMs. MOS was negatively associated with hospitalization duration (r = -0.378, p = 0.036); and positively associated with vitamin A level in CF infants (r = 0.665, p = 0.026).
Infants with genetically anticipated severe CF phenotype tended to have lower MOS. MOS may be used in addition to genetic testing to predict disease severity in infants with CF. Infants with CF, absent/sporadic FMs, and lower MOS could be considered for planning specific age-adequate early intervention programs.
Motor repertoire was age-inadequate in infants with cystic fibrosis (CF). 50% of infants with CF had abnormal or absent/sporadic fidgety movements (FMs). Motor optimality score (MOS) was positively associated with vitamin A level and negatively correlated with hospitalization duration in infants with CF. MOS tended to decrease as genetically anticipated disease severity increased; thus, MOS might enable us to predict disease severity in CF. The relationship between motor repertoire and phenotype and genotype is unclear and warrants further study. CF infants with absent/sporadic FMs, and lower MOS could be considered for planning early intervention.
Background
Although both self‐paced and externally paced field tests are widely used in cystic fibrosis (CF), it is still unclear whether they induce clinically relevant and similar cardiorespiratory ...responses. The aim of this study was therefore to compare the incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) and 6 min walk test (6MWT), and to determine the factors influencing exercise capacity in CF.
Methods
Fifty clinically stable CF patients were included in the study. Pulmonary function, peripheral and respiratory muscle strength were assessed, anthropometric measurements were recorded, and 6MWT and ISWT carried out.
Results
The CF patients covered significantly more distance in the ISWT than 6MWT (P < 0.001). Heart rate response and dyspnea score at the end of the tests and during the recovery phase were significantly higher in the ISWT compared with the 6MWT (P < 0.05). The 6MWT and ISWT had similar moderate–strong correlations with age, height, weight, pulmonary function, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength (P < 0.05). Forty‐nine percent of the variance in 6MWT distance was explained by age and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1; R2 = 0.49, F(2–48) = 22.033, P < 0.001). The variables contributing to ISWT distance were FEV1, inspiratory muscle strength, and body mass index (R2 = 0.596, F(3–44) = 20.176, P < 0.001).
Conclusions
The ISWT is a better reflection of exercise tolerance in CF than 6MWT. ISWT is a preferable alternative assessment of exercise tolerance in terms of cardiorespiratory response.
Background
To the best of our knowledge, there is no study in the literature investigating the extrapulmonary outcomes of children with non–cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis and CF under the ...framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) model. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the children with CF and non‐CF bronchiectasis using the ICF model.
Materials and Methods
Children with CF, non‐CF bronchiectasis, and healthy counterparts were evaluated (20 participants in each group) according to the ICF items in domain b (body functions), domain s (body structures), and domain d (activities and participation). The pulmonary functions, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength tests, and posture analysis were carried out for domain b. For domain d, however, the Glittre‐activities of daily living test and Pediatric Outcome Data Collection were used.
Results
Muscle strength of shoulder abductors and hip extensors in children with CF was significantly lower than healthy children and adolescents (P < .05). The severity of lateral and posterior postural abnormalities in children with CF and non‐CF bronchiectasis was higher than those of healthy children (P < .05). Among the patient groups, global function, sports/physical function, expectations, transfers/basic mobility, and pain/comfort were the most affected participation dimensions (P < .05).
Conclusions
This study highlights the need for comprehensive up‐to‐date evaluation methods according to the ICF model for understanding rehabilitation requirements in CF and non‐CF bronchiectasis in different age groups.
Functional changes are essential determinants of mortality and morbidity in individuals with chronic liver disease. However, there is limited information about whether these changes persist long-term ...after liver transplantation (LT). We aimed to compare physical fitness, physical activity, balance, kinesiophobia, and fatigue between patients with LT and healthy controls. All participants underwent evaluation with the Senior Fitness Test (SFT) for exercise capacity and physical fitness, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) for physical activity, the Timed Up-and-Go Test (TUG) and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) for balance, the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) for kinesiophobia, and the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS) for fatigue. We studied 16 persons with LT (M age = 40.56, SD = 15.73 years; M time since LT = 66.81, SD = 72.05 months) and 16 control participants (M age = 39.87, SD = 13.98 years). Compared to controls, participants with LT showed significantly poorer performance on the SFT components assessing upper and lower body strength, aerobic endurance, agility, and dynamic balance (p < .001 for all), significantly lower IPAQ physical activity scores (p = .002) and BBS score (p = .017), and significantly higher TUG time (p < .001) and TSK, FSS, and FIS scores (p = .001, p = .001, and p = .004, respectively). Individuals with post-LT had lower exercise capacity, physical fitness, balance, and physical activity, and higher kinesiophobia and fatigue levels in the long-term compared to their peers. Future studies should focus on frailty in individuals in the long term after LT.
Physical inactivity is a global problem which is related to many chronic health disorders. Physical activity scales which allow cross-cultural comparisons have been developed. The goal was to assess ...the reliability and validity of a Turkish version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). 1,097 university students (721 women, 376 men; ages 18–32) volunteered. Short and long forms of the IPAQ gave good agreement and comparable 1-wk. test-retest reliabilities. Caltrac accelerometer data were compared with IPAQ scores in 80 participants with good agreement for short and long forms. Turkish versions of the IPAQ short and long forms are reliable and valid in assessment of physical activity.
Introduction
A prolonged mismatch between the demand for respiratory muscle work and the capacity to meet that demand in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can result in symptoms of dyspnea ...and the development of muscle fatigue.
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to compare two different respiratory muscle endurance assessment methods of sustainable inspiratory pressure (SIP) and incremental threshold loading (ITL) in COPD.
Methods
Thirty‐four patients diagnosed with COPD were included in the study. Physical and demographic characteristics of the subjects were recorded. Pulmonary function testing (PFT), modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) dyspnea scale, COPD assessment test, inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength (MIP and MEP, respectively) measurement and six‐minute walk test (6MWT) were used to assess subjects. Two different respiratory muscle endurance tests (SIP and ITL) were performed within 48 hours apart, and each test was repeated two times on the same day.
Results
There was no correlation between the SIP and ITL tests (r = 0.069, P = .699). According to the test‐retest reliability analysis, both tests were reproducible (ICC = 0.843; P < .001 for SIP, ICC = 0.905; P < .001 for ITL). Finding no differences between repeated tests showed that tests are not affected by learning effect.
Conclusion
The SIP and ITL tests are used for the same purpose but have different characteristics. Regarding the relationship between the other parameters and tests, the ITL is well tolerated and reflects the differences in respiratory muscle endurance better.
Objectives
Arm strength training may improve functional performance for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This trial investigated the effects of arm strength training on arm ...exercise capacity, activities of daily living (ADL) and occupational performance in patients with COPD.
Methods
These was a randomized controlled trial in an outpatient clinic. Forty‐two stable patients with COPD were randomly assigned into treatment and control groups. The treatment group underwent an 8‐week (23 sessions) arm strength training programme. Both groups completed daily breathing exercises at home. Tests included hand grip strength, arm ergometer test, the Glittre‐ADL and ADL Simulation tests and measures included the Milliken ADL Scale (MAS) and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM).
Results
Statistically significant increases were detected in hand grip strength and %hand grip strength values, peak arm ergometer workload and the number of ADL simulation test cycles for the treatment group (P < 0.05). Significant decreases were also found in dyspnea and arm fatigue perception during arm ergometer test, and heart rate and dyspnea perception during Glittre‐ADL test in the treatment group (P < 0.05). The treatment group also showed significant increases in MAS‐house cleaning and laundry and MAS‐other activities integrated scores and COPM‐performance and satisfaction scores (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
Arm strength training increases peripheral muscle strength, arm exercise capacity, ADL performance and patients’ ADL performance satisfaction. Training decreases dyspnea and arm fatigue perception during supported arm exercises, and dyspnea perception during ADL. Arm strength training is a reliable and feasible treatment for COPD patients.
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