We performed electrical resistivity ρ, magnetic susceptibility χ, specific heat C and electron diffraction measurements on single-crystalline samples of PrT2Zn20 (T = Ru, Rh and Ir). The three ...compounds show the Van Vleck paramagnetic behavior, indicating the nonmagnetic crystalline electric field (CEF) ground states. A Schottky-type peak appears at around 14 K, irrespective of the T element, which can be moderately reproduced by a doublet-triplet model. For T = Ru, a structural transition occurs at Ts = 138 K, below which no phase transition appears down to 0.04 K. On the other hand, for T = Ir, antiferroquadrupole (AFQ) ordering arising from the nonmagnetic Γ3 doublet takes place at TQ = 0.11 K. For T = Rh, despite a structural transition between 170 and 470 K, the CEF ground state is still the non-Kramers Γ3 doublet. However, no phase transition due to the Γ3 doublet was observed even down to 0.1 K.
We investigate the expected gravitational wave emission from coalescing supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries resulting from mergers of their host galaxies. When galaxies merge, the SMBHs in the ...host galaxies sink to the center of the new merged galaxy and form a binary system. We employ a semianalytic model of galaxy and quasar formation based on the hierarchical clustering scenario to estimate the amplitude of the expected stochastic gravitational wave background due to inspiraling SMBH binaries and bursts due to the SMBH binary coalescence events. We find that the characteristic strain amplitude of the background radiation is h sub(c)(f) 6 10 super(-16)(f/1 kHz) super(-2/3) for f 1 kHz just below the detection limit from measurements of the pulsar timing provided that SMBHs coalesce simultaneously when host galaxies merge. The main contribution to the total strain amplitude of the background radiation comes from SMBH coalescence events at 0 < z < 1. We also find that a future space-based gravitational wave interferometer such as the planned Laser Interferometer Space Antenna might detect intense gravitational wave bursts associated with coalescence of SMBH binaries with total mass M sub(tot) < 10 super(7) M sub( )at z 2 at a rate 61.0 yr super(-1). Our model predicts that burst signals with a larger amplitude h sub(burst) 6 10 super(-15) correspond to coalescence events of massive SMBH binary with total mass M sub(tot) 6 10 super(8) M sub( )at low redshift (z 1) at a rate 60.1 yr super(-1), whereas those with a smaller amplitude (h sub(burst) 6 10 super(-17)) correspond to coalescence events of less massive SMBH binaries with total mass M sub(tot) 6 10 super(6) M sub( )at high redshift (z 3).
We present mid-infrared imaging at 11.7 km for the quadruple lens systems PG 1115+080 and B1422+231 using the cooled mid-infrared camera and spectrometer (COMICS) attached on the Subaru Telescope. ...These lensed QSOs are characterized by their anomalous optical and radio flux ratios, as obtained for A1 and A2 images of PG 1115+080 and A, B, and C images of B1422+231, respectively, i.e., such flux ratios are hardly able to be reproduced by lens models with a smooth mass distribution. Our mid-infrared observations for these images have revealed that the mid-infrared flux ratio A2/A1 of PG 1115+080 is virtually consistent with smooth lens models (but inconsistent with the optical flux ratio), whereas for B1422+231, the mid-infrared flux ratios among the A, B, and C images are in good agreement with the radio flux ratios. We also identify a clear infrared bump in the spectral energy distributions of these QSOs, thereby indicating that the observed mid-infrared fluxes originate from a hot dust torus around a QSO nucleus. Based on the size estimate of the dust torus, we place limits on the mass of a substructure in these lens systems causing the anomalous optical or radio flux ratios. For PG 1115+080, the mass of a substructure inside an Einstein radius M sub(E) is 16 M sub( ), corresponding to either a star or a low-mass CDM subhalo having a mass of M super(S) sub(1) super(I) sub(0) super(S) sub(0) 2.2 x 10 super(4) M sub( )inside a radius of 100 pc if modeled as a singular isothermal sphere (SIS). For B1422+231, we obtain M sub(E) 209 M sub( ), indicating that a CDM subhalo is more likely, having a mass of M super(S) sub(1) super(I) sub(0) super(S) sub(0) 7.4 x 10 super(4) M sub( ).
Proton–
^3
3
He
scattering is one of the good probes to study the
T=3/2
T
=
3
/
2
channel of three–nucleon forces. We have measured
^3
3
He
analyzing powers for
p-^3
p
−
3
He
elastic scattering with ...the polarized
^3
3
He
target at
70
70
and
100
100
MeV. In the conference the data were compared with the theoretical
predictions based on the modern nucleon–nucleon potentials. Large
discrepancies were found between the data and the calculations at the
angles where the
^3
3
He
analyzing power takes the minimum and maximum values.
Genetic factors have been suggested to contribute to the etiology of moyamoya disease. The authors have previously reported an association between moyamoya disease and several alleles for human ...leukocyte antigens (HLA). To further specify the genetic component of moyamoya disease, a linkage study of moyamoya disease using markers on chromosome 6, where the HLA gene is located, was performed. The 15 microsatellite markers of chromosome 6 were studied in 20 affected sibling pairs. From an identical-by-descent analysis of these markers, an allele with possible linkage to moyamoya disease was identified. Sharing of the allele among affected members in 19 families was investigated, considering the haplotype. The marker, D6S441, might be linked to moyamoya disease. Considering the haplotype, the allele was shared among the affected members in 16 (82%) of the 19 families, but not in two others. In one family, sharing of the allele could not be determined because of low heterozygosity. Further studies are necessary to clarify multiple genetic factors that are definitely linked with moyamoya disease. (J Child Neurol 2000;15:179-182).
This study was aimed at determining the molecular epidemiology of rabies virus (RABV) circulating in Vietnam. Intra vitam samples (saliva and cerebrospinal fluid) were collected from 31 patients who ...were believed to have rabies and were admitted to hospitals in northern provinces of Vietnam. Brain samples were collected from 176 sick or furious rabid dogs from all over the country. The human and canine samples were subjected to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. The findings showed that 23 patients tested positive for RABV. Interestingly, 5 rabies patients did not have any history of dog or cat bites, but they had an experience of butchering dogs or cats, or consuming their meat. RABV was also detected in 2 of the 100 sick dogs from slaughterhouses. Molecular epidemiological analysis of 27 RABV strains showed that these viruses could be classified into two groups. The RABVs classified into Group 1 were distributed throughout Vietnam and had sequence similarity with the strains from China, Thailand, Malaysia, and the Philippines. However, the RABVs classified into Group 2 were only found in the northern provinces of Vietnam and showed high sequence similarity with the strain from southern China. This finding suggested the recent influx of Group 2 RABVs between Vietnam and China across the border. Although the incidence of rabies due to circulating RABVs in slaughterhouses is less common than that due to dog bite, the national program for rabies control and prevention in Vietnam should include monitoring of the health of dogs meant for human consumption and vaccination for workers at dog slaughterhouses. Further, monitoring of and research on the circulating RABVs in dog markets may help to determine the cause of rabies and control the spread of rabies in slaughterhouses in Vietnam.
A system is needed to predict the behavior, fate, and occurrence of environmental pollutants for effective environmental monitoring. Available monitoring data and computational modeling were used to ...develop a one-box multimedia model based on the mass balance of the emitted chemicals. Eight physiochemical phenomena in the atmosphere, soil, water, and sediment were considered in this model. This study was carried out in the Lake Biwa-Yodo River basin which provides multiple land uses and also the natural water resource for nearly 13 million of population in the region. Annual emissions for 214 nonmetallic compounds were calculated using the chemical emission data on Japanese pollutant release and transfer registry and used for executing the model simulations for 1997, 2002, and 2008 as input data. The calculated chemical concentrations by the model for all the environmental media were analyzed to determine trends in concentration over this study span. The majority of the chemicals decreased in concentration over time. Among the 214 nonmetallic chemical pollutants, 36 chemicals did not decrease in concentration and were in the top 10 % for concentration on average. Of these 36 pollutants, 7 occur in all 4 environmental media and pose a potential health risk at humans in the Lake Biwa-Yodo River basin.
► One-box type multimedia model on metallic compounds were constructed. ► Lead concentrations in four environmental media were interpreted by the model. ► Lead emissions were estimated from 1957 to ...2007 and temporal accumulation of lead was studied. ► Calculated lead concentrations were compared with observed lead concentrations. ► Lead concentrations in soil and water body were closely predicted by the model.
A one box type multimedia model was developed and applied for Lake Biwa-Yodo River basin in Japan to assess the distribution of lead in the environment. This model is based on mass balance and includes four environmental media; the atmosphere, the soil, the water body, and the sediment. The mass balance of lead is represented by the summation of mass transfer flux at equilibrium, emission flux, advection flux, and deposition flux or sedimentation flux. In the case of metallic compounds, dissolution rate and exchange equilibrium have also been taken into consideration. Pollutant Release and Transfer Registry (PRTR) in Japan was used as one of the major data source for this study. The emission of lead in Lake Biwa-Yodo River basin is calculated based on five sources of registered emission in PRTR, unregistered emission in PRTR, incinerators, leaded gasoline, and landfills. In this study, we estimated lead emission from 1957 to 2007 to observe the temporal accumulation of lead. Calculated lead concentrations were compared with the measured/observed concentrations. It was found out that the model could closely predict lead concentration in the soil and the water body. The concentration in the atmosphere was underestimated by the calculated concentrations. The reason was attributed to the underestimation of the amount of lead emission from incinerators.
Signals emanating from CD40 play crucial roles in B-cell function. To identify molecules that transduce CD40 signalings, we have used the yeast two-hybrid system to clone cDNAs encoding proteins that ...bind the cytoplasmic tail of CD40. A cDNA encoding a putative signal transducer protein, designated TRAF5, has been molecularly cloned. TRAF5 has a tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) domain in its carboxyl terminus and is most homologous to TRAF3, also known as CRAF1, CD40bp, or LAP-1, a previously identified CD40-associated factor. The amino terminus has a RING finger domain, a cluster of zinc fingers and a coiled-coil domain, which are also present in other members of the TRAF family protein except for TRAF1. In vitro binding assays revealed that TRAF5 associates with the cytoplasmic tail of CD40, but not with the cytoplasmic tail of tumor receptor factor receptor type 2, which associates with TRAF2. Based on analysis of the association between TRAF5 and various CD40 mutants, residues 230-269 of CD40 are required for the association with TRAF5. In contrast to TRAF3, overexpression of TRAF5 activates transcription factor nuclear factor κ B. Furthermore, amino-terminally truncated forms of TRAF5 suppress the CD40-mediated induction of CD23 expression, as is the case with TRAF3. These results suggest that TRAF5 and TRAF3 could be involved in both common and distinct signaling pathways emanating from CD40.
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