Silicon Photomultipliers with cell-pitch ranging from 12 μm to 20 μm were tested against neutron irradiation at moderate fluences to study their performance for calorimetric applications. The ...photosensors were developed by FBK employing the RGB-HD technology. We performed irradiation tests up to 2×1011 n/cm2 (1 MeV eq.) at the INFN-LNL Irradiation Test facility. The SiPMs were characterized on-site (dark current and photoelectron response) during and after irradiations at different fluences. The irradiated SiPMs were installed in the ENUBET compact calorimetric modules and characterized with muons and electrons at the CERN East Area facility. The tests demonstrate that both the electromagnetic response and the sensitivity to minimum ionizing particles are retained after irradiation. Gain compensation can be achieved increasing the bias voltage well within the operation range of the SiPMs. The sensitivity to single photoelectrons is lost at ∼1010 n/cm2 due to the increase of the dark current.
The ENUBET ERC project (2016–2021) is studying a narrow band neutrino beam where lepton production can be monitored at single particle level. For this purpose, the decay tunnel is instrumented with ...longitudinally segmented calorimeters. Three different specialized calorimeters have been designed and tested, two of which based on the shashlik calorimetric concept with a compact readout while the third is a less compact version with a lateral readout. All of the prototypes are composed of thick steel absorbers coupled to plastic scintillators. Regarding the shashlik modules, a matrix of 3 × 3 fibers runs transversely with a density of one fiber/cm2. The fibers are coupled individually to silicon photomultipliers mounted on a custom PCB allowing to reduce the dead zones between adjacent modules to an extremely small level compared to the “fiber bundling” configurations. This setup allows a very effective longitudinal segmentation and hence e/π separation. The second shashlik module is based on polysiloxane scintillators which come in liquid form, are poured around the fiber arrays and finally made solid with a thermal treatment. Finally, the lateral readout module, light is collected from both sides of each scintillator tile and the 10 fibers from the same UCM are bundled to a single SiPM. Here are discussed the results of test beams performed in 2016–2018 at the CERN-PS East Area and the characterization of SiPMs of different cell size (12μm and 15μm) before and after being exposed to neutron fluxes up to 1012/cm2 at the INFN-LNL CN accelerator facility.
We summarize in this paper the detector R&D performed in the framework of the ERC ENUBET Project. We discuss in particular the latest results on longitudinally segmented shashlik calorimeters and the ...first HEP application of polysiloxane-based scintillators.
•A compact shashlik-type calorimeter has been developed for neutrino beams.•Test beam performances at 1–5 GeV energy range validated the detector requirements.•The calorimeter was irradiated up to 1011 neutrons/cm2 and successfully operated.•We developed and tested several prototypes based on polysiloxane scintillators.
Remarkable scientific and technological progress during the last years has led to the construction of accelerator based facilities dedicated to hadron therapy. This kind of technology requires ...precise and continuous control of position, intensity and shape of the ions or protons used to irradiate cancers. Patient safety, accelerator operation and dose delivery should be optimized by a real time monitoring of beam intensity and profile during the treatment, by using non-destructive, high spatial resolution detectors. In the framework of AMIDERHA (AMIDERHA -
Enhanced Radiotherapy with HAdron
) project funded by the Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca (Italian Ministry of Education and Research) the authors are studying and developing an innovative beam monitor based on Micro Pattern Gaseous Detectors (MPDGs) characterized by a high spatial resolution and rate capability. The Monte Carlo simulation of the beam monitor prototype was carried out to optimize the geometrical set up and to predict the behavior of the detector. A first prototype has been constructed and successfully tested using
55
Fe,
90
Sr and also an X-ray tube. Preliminary results on both simulations and tests will be presented.
Shashlik calorimeters equipped with a compact readout based on Silicon PhotoMultipliers can be longitudinally segmented by directly coupling the WLS fibers with the photosensors thus embedding the ...readout in the bulk of the calorimeter. Results on energy resolution and particle identification for such calorimeters are presented. The SiPMs for the readout have also been characterized after being exposed to neutron fluences up to 2×1011 n/cm2 (1 MeV eq.). Alternative options for the active material were also investigated; we studied in particular polysiloxane as a substitute for plastic scintillator.
Status of the ENUBET project Ballerini, G; Berra, A; Boanta, R ...
Journal of physics. Conference series,
07/2018, Letnik:
1056, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The next generation of neutrino experiments requires measurements of absolute neutrino cross sections at the GeV scale with high precision (∼1%) presently limited by the uncertainties on neutrino ...flux. Monitoring the lepton production in the decay tunnel of neutrino beams is the most straightforward way to measure the neutrino flux at source. The ENUBET Collaboration develops novel technologies to monitor positrons from K+ → νee+π0 decays on an event by event basis. This technique can achieve a precision in the νe flux below 1% and enable a new generation of cross section and short baseline experiments. In this paper, we present the achievements of the first year of the Project on beamline simulation, rate and dose assessment, detector prototyping and evaluation of the physics reach.
The TOTEM collaboration has measured the proton-proton total cross section at √s=8 TeV using a luminosity-independent method. In LHC fills with dedicated beam optics, the Roman pots have been ...inserted very close to the beam allowing the detection of ~90% of the nuclear elastic scattering events. Simultaneously the inelastic scattering rate has been measured by the T1 and T2 telescopes. By applying the optical theorem, the total proton-proton cross section of (101.7±2.9) mb has been determined, well in agreement with the extrapolation from lower energies. This method also allows one to derive the luminosity-independent elastic and inelastic cross sections: σ(el)=(27.1±1.4) mb; σ(inel)=(74.7±1.7) mb.
We report a measurement of the flux-integrated cross section for inclusive muon neutrino charged-current interactions on carbon. The double-differential measurements are given as a function of the ...muon momentum and angle. Relative to our previous publication on this topic, these results have an increased angular acceptance and higher statistics. The data sample presented here corresponds to 5.7×1020 protons on target. The total flux-integrated cross section is measured to be (6.950±0.662)×10−39 cm2 nucleon−1 and is consistent with our simulation.
This paper reports the first differential measurement of the charged-current interaction cross section of νμ on water with no pions in the final state. This flux-averaged measurement has been made ...using the T2K experiment’s off-axis near detector, and is reported in doubly differential bins of muon momentum and angle. The flux-averaged total cross section in a restricted region of phase space was found to be σ=(0.95±0.08(stat)±0.06(det syst)±0.04(model syst)±0.08(flux))×10−38 cm2/n.
Shashlik calorimeters are sampling calorimeters using wavelength shifting fibers running perpendicularly to the scintillating/absorber plates for the light readout. These devices are cost-effective, ...easy to assemble, and characterized by a good flexibility in terms of energy resolution. On the contrary, the perpendicular optical fiber readout and the resulting fiber bundling to the photosensor pose a strong limitation to the longitudinal segmentation. Recently, the fast development of solid state photosensors allowed for the integration of the readout system directly in the bulk of the calorimeter, opening new possibilities in terms of longitudinal segmentation (SCENTT INFN R &D). In an ultra-compact module every single fiber segment is directly connected to a SiPM; the SiPMs are arranged in arrays on custom PCBs and readout by a fast electronics based on waveform digitizers. This detector technology is the baseline option for ENUBET: a 5 year project (2016-2021) funded by the European Research Council aiming to demonstrate the possibility of a complete instrumentation of the decay tunnel of conventional neutrino beam. This technique allows for a ten-fold reduction on the neutrino flux normalization error. In the talk we will present the results and a detailed performance assessment of the novel ultra-compact design obtained with a prototype of longitudinally segmented shashlik calorimeter, readout with SiPMs embedded in the calorimeter bulk. Tests performed at the CERN PST9 beamline in the 1-5 GeV energy range in November 2016 provided results in terms of linearity, energy resolution and e/\pi discrimination at various beam angles reproducing the grazing incident conditions typical of neutrino beam decay tunnels. We will also present results from a neutron irradiation campaign of our Silicon Photomultipliers at the INFN-LNL CN accelerator allowing to test neutron fluences of O(10^{12/cm^{2}}) using 5 MeV protons on a Be target.
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