Sharp upper bounds are proved for the probability that a standardized random variable takes on a value outside a
possibly asymmetric
interval around 0. Six classes of distributions for the random ...variable are considered, namely the general class of ‘distributions’, the class of ‘symmetric distributions’, of ‘concave distributions’, of ‘unimodal distributions’, of ‘unimodal distributions with coinciding mode and mean’, and of ‘symmetric unimodal distributions’. In this way, results by Gauß (Commentationes Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Gottingensis Recentiores 5:1–58, 1823), Bienaymé (C R Hebd Séance Acad Sci Paris 37:309–24, 1853), Bienaymé (C R Hebd Séance Acad Sci Paris 37:309–24, 1853), Chebyshev (Journal de mathématiques pures et appliqués (2) 12:177–184, 1867), and Cantelli (Atti del Congresso Internazionale dei Matematici 6:47–59, 1928) are generalized. For some of the known inequalities, such as the Gauß inequality, an alternative proof is given.
House builders in different countries are exploring ways to deliver higher levels of customisation in housing design. To create such variety at acceptable cost, it is important to know how potential ...buyers of new houses prioritise the different elements such as bathroom, kitchen and roof type of a house design. For parts with a great variety, several alternative solutions could be created in advance while parts with a low variety can be produced as standard solutions for all homes, thereby taking advantage of economies of scale. This paper presents the findings of a vignette-based survey about the requirements for customisation among potential buyers of new houses in the Netherlands. Based on the survey, a list of priority housing attributes is derived. This priority listing is of great importance for building developers who offer (or are considering offering) customised housing. Although people generally prefer to have the opportunity to select from options, they will be less inclined to do so if this option also means a considerable increase in price. Therefore, this study also examines the trade-off relationship between the value customers place on variety and the maximum price that can be asked for a customised housing proposition. The paper concludes with implications of the study's findings for evaluating trade-off decisions between standardisation and customisation.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This paper presents new records and noteworthy data on the following taxa in
SE Europe and adjacent regions: parasitic fungus Antherospora hortensis,
saprotrophic fungi Loweomyces fractipes and ...Pholiota henningsii, stonewort
Chara canescens, mosses Grimmia caespiticia and Rhodobryum ontariense, fern
Woodsia alpina, monocots Aegilops triuncialis, Epipactis purpurata,
Galanthus elwesii and Typha shuttleworthii and dicot Umbilicus luteus.
The quality of an image produced by the Whole Slide Imaging (WSI) scanners is of critical importance for using the image in clinical diagnosis. Therefore, it is very important to monitor and ensure ...the quality of images. Since subjective image quality assessments by pathologists are very time-consuming, expensive and difficult to reproduce, we propose a method for objective assessment based on clinically relevant and perceptual image parameters: sharpness, contrast, brightness, uniform illumination and color separation; derived from a survey of pathologists. We developed techniques to quantify the parameters based on content-dependent absolute pixel performance and to manipulate the parameters in a predefined range resulting in images with content-independent relative quality measures. The method does not require a prior reference model. A subjective assessment of the image quality is performed involving 69 pathologists and 372 images (including 12 optimal quality images and their distorted versions per parameter at 6 different levels). To address the inter-reader variability, a representative rating is determined as a one-tailed 95% confidence interval of the mean rating. The results of the subjective assessment support the validity of the proposed objective image quality assessment method to model the readers’ perception of image quality. The subjective assessment also provides thresholds for determining the acceptable level of objective quality per parameter. The images for both the subjective and objective quality assessment are based on the HercepTestTM slides scanned by the Philips Ultra Fast Scanners, developed at Philips Digital Pathology Solutions. However, the method is applicable also to other types of slides and scanners.
Sustainable business in the domestic production of meat must meet both the usual Requirements regarding quality, safety for customer and New Challenges in the European meat market. The Romanian food ...industry must meet the challenge of recent suspicions regarding the substitution of beef meat with horse meat. The modern applicable to meat traceability systems and authentication procedures can be considered as new ways to support fair trade and transparency, THUS, removing suspicions that appeared lately. Lack of safety measures in the field can affect business continuity critically, creating significant losses.
Designing reliability information flows Petkova, Valia T.; Yuan, Lu; Ion, Roxana A. ...
Reliability engineering & system safety,
05/2005, Letnik:
88, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
It is well-known Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. 75 (2002) 295 that in modern development processes it is essential to have an information flow structure that facilitates fast feedback from product users ...(customers) to departments at the front end, in particular development and production. As information is only relevant if it is used when taking decisions, this paper presents a guideline for building field feedback information flows that facilitate the decision taking during the product creation and realisation process. The guideline takes into consideration that the type of decisions depends on the span-of-control, therefore following Parsons Structure and Process in Modern Societies (1990) the span-of-control is subdivided into the following three levels: strategic, tactic, and executive. The guideline is illustrated with a case in which it is used for analysing the quality of existing field feedback flows.
Non-parametric Shewhart control charts Ion, Roxana A.; Klaassen, Chris A. J.
Journal of nonparametric statistics,
12/1/2005, 2005-12-00, 20051201, Letnik:
17, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Consider a training sample of independent random variables having an unknown strongly unimodal distribution. This sample is used to estimate the upper control limit (UCL) of a one-sided Shewhart ...control chart. The resulting control chart is meant to detect possible positive shifts of the distribution. A randomized estimator of the UCL is presented, the finite sample local optimality of the corresponding control chart is proved for sufficiently large sample sizes, and first-order asymptotic optimality of the error probabilities of this chart is derived.
For nonnormal data, there exists no standard calculation for the process capability. Many different indices were developed and described in the literature, but none of them predict the proportion of ...nonconforming items well enough. This paper starts with a sharp upper bound for the proportion of nonconforming items if the distribution is in the class of unimodal distributions. This class contains the Student's t, the logistic, the gamma, the χ
2
, the exponential, the log-normal, and the Weibull distributions. For a given C
pk
-value, the maximum proportions nonconforming for these parametric distributions are also determined and compared with the upper bound. These maximum proportions nonconforming are a first step to relate the process capability to the proportion of nonconforming items. Furthermore, two different capability indices for skewed data, developed by Munechika and Bai and Choi, are investigated on their ability to adapt to nonnormality. It turns out that for our selection of distributions, the Munechika capability index corrects the standard capability index C
pk
too much and the Bai and Choi capability does not compensate the C
pk
enough. Since this occurs for each of our skewed distributions, the true capability (based on the inverse normal distribution of the proportion nonconforming) lies in between these two capability indices. Therefore, we propose to calculate the maximum proportions nonconforming, the standard capability indices, and the indices of Munechika and Bai and Choi as a standard approach to determine the process capability. This approach maintains the simplicity of capability indices as a way to express a process in only a few numbers, and it indicates all aspects of the process capability. This method is illustrated in a real-life example.
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