Scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and current imaging tunnelling current spectroscopy (CITS) methods were performed on polycrystalline diamond films grown on silicon substrates grown by microwave ...plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition. Large tunnelling currents were observed at some grain boundaries and crystal surfaces with secondary grains. Following atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements, we performed scanning probe contact current (SPCC) measurements to investigate the spatial variation of electrical resistance on the surface by using an AFM cantilever in contact mode. The conducting grain boundaries and facets were observed on both boron-doped and undoped samples. For microscale characterization of the field emission properties, we performed scanning probe field emission current (SPFEC) measurements. From the results of STM/CITS, AFM/SPCC and SPFEC, it is concluded that the specific grain boundaries and facets on polycrystalline diamonds work as initial points of electron emission and cause high field emission current through a conducting pass formed in the bulk.
Nitrogen-doped chemical vapour deposited diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were treated by reactive ion etching system under various conditions of CHF3 gas successively after pre-treatment with oxygen. ...Atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were carried out in order to characterize the surface morphology and chemical bond, respectively. Scanning tunnelling microscopy was used in order to investigate the surface state of the DLC films at the nanoscale level. Scanning probe field emission current measurement was performed in order to obtain the emission current mapping. The emission sites appeared to a great extent after the surface treatment by CHF3 gas and a clear activation effect was observed. We confirmed that the surface treatment using CHF3 gas affected not only the appearance of emission sites but also the activation process.
We present an accurate method of simultaneously treating nuclear and Coulomb breakup of weakly bound nuclei by means of the method of continuum discretized coupled channels with the pseudostate ...method of discretization. As L{sup 2}-type basis functions of expansion of bound and continuum states of the projectile, we take complex-range Gaussian functions which in good approximation form a complete set in a large configuration space which is important for both nuclear- and Coulomb-breakup processes. The accuracy of the method is tested quantitatively for {sup 8}B+{sup 58}Ni scattering at 25.8 MeV.
Contributions to cross sections and analyzing powers from virtual breakup of deuterons to spin-singlet states are quantitatively investigated by the CDCC method in elastic scattering of deuterons at ...low and intermediate energies. Their effects are selectively remarkable in the tensor analyzing power
A
yy
. The invariant-amplitude method shows that the singlet-state breakup contribution behaves like
T
L
-type tensor interactions in the scattering amplitude and the observables.
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