The iron making process by blast furnace method is composed of several powder processing such as powder mixing of calcium carbonate, coke and iron ores, granulation of iron ores, charging granules ...into sintering process, sintering, crushing and charging to blast furnace. Numerical simulation by Distinct Element Method （DEM） has been applied to granule behavior of iron ore and to charging of granules into sintering process in order to control the powder processing precisely. The new simulation method, which is named Advanced DEM is developed for particle breakage behavior in powder processing. In this article, simulations for granular behavior in the drum mixer, charging behavior of granules to sintering process and particle breakage behavior are introduced.
We have developed green phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with high external quantum efficiency of 59.7% and power efficiency of 243lm/W at 2.73V at 0.053mA/cm2. A double emission ...layer and a thick n-doped electron transport layer were adopted to improve the exciton recombination factor. A high refractive index hemispherical lens was attached to a high refractive index substrate for extracting light trapped inside the substrate and the multiple-layers of OLEDs to air. Additionally, we analyzed an energy loss mechanism to clarify room for the improvement of our OLEDs including the charge balance factor.
•We developed high efficiency green phosphorescent organic light-emitting diode (OLED).•Our OLED had external quantum efficiency of 59.7% and power efficiency of 243lm/W.•A double emission layer and thick n-doped electron transport layer were adopted.•High refractive index media (hemispherical lens and substrate) were also used.•We analyzed an energy loss mechanism to clarify the charge balance factor of our OLED.
An 81-year-old male with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease history received colonoscopy for anemia in February 2016, which detected advanced cecal cancer. Considering surgery high risk because of ...his comorbidity, the best supportive care was selected. One and a half years later, a colonic stent was placed in the ileocecum for intestinal obstruction. However, he frequently defecated and reported strong abdominal pain next month. Abdominal X-ray and CT revealed stent migration into the descending colon. Urgently, colonoscopy was performed, and the stent was successfully removed by pulling its oral side, reversing it inside out with two grasping forceps using a double-channel endoscope, and drawing it into the sliding tube to prevent injuring anus. When stents migrate and endoscopic withdrawal is feasible, patients' physical burden is minimal. Hence, endoscopists should familiarize with endoscopic removal method upon stent migration.
A 74-year-old man had an endoscopic type 0′-IIc tumor in the upper gastric body on the greater curvature and biopsy showed the tumor to be a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (Group 5). He was ...referred to us for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Endoscopy revealed fold convergency, fold swelling, and fusion of the fold, indicating tumor invasion into the submucosa, which was outside the indications for ESD. In addition, there was an increase of serum bone-type alkaline phosphatase (ALP-III and ALP-IV) and urinary cross-linked N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (a bone metabolism marker), while
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F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography showed increased uptake in the left pelvis and Th10, suggesting bone metastases. We first diagnosed gastric cancer with bone metastases; however, the symptoms suggested pathological bone fracture and no bone pain. Therefore, a computed tomography-guided aspiration bone biopsy was performed to exclude the possibility of Paget’s disease of bone. Biopsy specimens revealed no tumor and a mosaic pattern. No increased uptake of
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F-FAMT (L-3-
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F α-methyltyrosine) supported a diagnosis of no bone metastases from gastric cancer. We finally diagnosed gastric cancer accompanied by Paget’s disease of bone and performed a laparoscopy-assisted proximal gastrectomy. The pathological diagnosis was U less 0-IIb, and U post 0-IIc ypT1a (M) N0H0P0M0 yp stage IA. In gastric cancer patients with suspected bone metastasis, we also need to consider Paget’s disease of bone.
Wet ball milling is a kind of methods grinding particles by collisions of balls in a slurry. It has been used for producing the raw materials, intermediate-products and end-products because it has ...features as high versatility, high grinding performance and easy to increase the size of equipment. However, the grinding by the wet ball milling has been operated without enough understanding grinding mechanisms because it is difficult to observe and analyze grinding processes. Thus, analyses by using a simulation have been introduced in order to understand the grinding mechanisms. In this paper, we introduced two examples. One example is that the behavior of particles around the balls in liquid was analyzed by the simulation method coupling DEM with CFD. The other example is that the simulation method for representing the dynamic and breakage behavior of particles around the balls in liquid was developed.
Voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV) in nociceptive neurons initiate action potentials required for transmission of aberrant painful stimuli observed in osteoarthritis (OA). Targeting NaV subtypes ...with drugs to produce analgesic effects for OA pain management is a developing therapeutic area. Previously, we determined the receptor site for the tamoxifen analog N-desmethyltamoxifen (ND-Tam) within a prokaryotic NaV. Here, we report the pharmacology of ND-Tam against eukaryotic NaVs natively expressed in nociceptive neurons. ND-Tam and analogs occupy two conserved intracellular receptor sites in domains II and IV of NaV1.7 to block ion entry using a “bind and plug” mechanism. We find that ND-Tam inhibition of the sodium current is state dependent, conferring a potent frequency- and voltage-dependent block of hyperexcitable nociceptive neuron action potentials implicated in OA pain. When evaluated using a mouse OA pain model, ND-Tam has long-lasting efficacy, which supports the potential of repurposing ND-Tam analogs as NaV antagonists for OA pain management.
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•Tamoxifen metabolites inhibit NaVs responsible for aberrant pain in OA•A “bind and plug” mechanism confers selective inhibition of NaVs in hyperexcitable neurons•Metabolites outperform conventional NaV antagonists in in vitro and in vivo OA pain assays•Targeting NaVs with prototypic analogs may be a viable strategy for OA pain management
McCollum et al. explore the pharmacology of tamoxifen metabolites against NaVs—ion-conducting proteins responsible for aberrant pain signaling in neurons. These chemicals use a “bind and plug” mechanism that confers selective inhibition of NaVs in hyperexcitable neurons, which might be a viable strategy for osteoarthritis pain management.
A numerical simulation model for a sieving process of non-spherical particles by discrete element method (DEM) coupled with particle-based rigid body model has been developed. Four kinds of rod-like ...particles having aspect ratio of 4, 8, 10 and 12 were prepared as sieving non-spherical particle sample. The motion of rod-like particles in sieving process was simulated under the vertical and horizontal vibration conditions. In case of vertical vibration, sieving rate decreases with increasing aspect ratio of rod-like particles. While, in case of horizontal vibration, sieving rate strongly depends on the aspect ratio of rod-like particles and decreases with aspect ratio. Sieving behavior also depends on the amplitude and frequency of vibration. Simulation results agree with experiments.
A new method to determine both the coefficients of particle and rolling friction in distinct element method (DEM) was proposed. The coefficients are two of the most important parameters which have ...great effect on particle behavior in DEM. However, it is difficult to determine the values of the coefficients, which is applicable to multiple behaviors, from an experiment. We proposed the method to determine the two coefficients uniquely so that two indicators correspond to experimental results. As the indicators of static and dynamic behaviors, the angle of repose and the discharge flow rate were adopted, respectively. The values of the coefficients which can represent both static and dynamic behaviors of particles were determined by means of the method. The particle behavior in a rotating drum at three different rotational speed was simulated by using the determined coefficients in order to verify the applicability of them to dynamic behavior of particles under various conditions. The simulated behaviors for spherical particles corresponded to the experimental ones. The determined coefficients by means of the proposed method could be applied to the behavior of spherical particles at all of the rotational speeds. On the other hand, the simulated behaviors for irregularly shaped particles did not correspond to the experimental ones, in particular at higher rotational speed. It would be because the rolling friction of irregularly shaped particles depends on the particle velocity in a rotating drum.
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