Abstract
Background
Since 2019, cancer education has been introduced in health classes from junior high school students in Japan. This research contributes to how “cancer education,” which is a newly ...launched cancer countermeasure plan, penetrates the general public.
Methods
In August 2018, the authors prepared an operation manual for classifying Web search results. A researcher majoring in informatics performed the operations outlined below.
For the list (top 100 results of a Google search) of the Web search results using “cancer education” as the keyword, the link destinations starting from the top result were viewed in order using the browser.The name of the organization, the format of information media, summary of website information, and actions in case of a broken link were documented by the researcher.
Results
“Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Elementary and Secondary Education Bureau” occurred the most frequently at the rate of four times when the source word was “cancer education.” When this rate of occurrence was tabulated by the organization, the order was as follows: average companies (21.7%), prefectural (17.4), medical facility (12.0), and educational committee (9.8). In the format of information media, page link was the most common, followed by news articles and PDF files. The business type of the average companies were classified as follows: internet operations (30%), new website management companies (20), mail-order companies (15), and pharmaceutical companies (10).
Conclusions
Although public facilities and hospitals were more commonly involved in promoting cancer education, the holding of educational seminars by insurance companies and the creation and publication of cancer educational videos by pharmaceutical companies gradually trigger the interest of private companies in cancer education. The possibility of contribution to future development was demonstrated. This work was supported by 14th Hakuho Research Grant.
Key messages
In Japan, cancer education was introduced to school education from 2019.
Private companies are expected to entry into cancer education in the future.
We experimentally investigated the breakdown lifetime of NMOS under inversion condition as a function of gate voltage by long-time-span tests and new power-law criteria. The lifetime followed the ...1/E-rule above ∼4 V, but the power-law below ∼4 V. The power index decreased when the oxide became thinner. We observed no trace of the E-rule. We propose to adopt the powerlaw and the 1/E-rule in the reliability projection of core and I/O oxides, respectively. We need to appropriately consider the direct tunneling to model the breakdown below ∼4 V. The hole injection still seems to be playing an important role.
Abstract
Background
Our previous reports suggest fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) following bowel cleansing with amoxicillin, fosfomycin, and metronidazole (Antibiotic FMT: A-FMT) improved its ...efficacy and the recovery of the Bacteroidota species composition, which is associated with ulcerative colitis (UC) severity. Building upon these previous findings, we considered that manipulating the intestinal microbiome to improve the intestinal immune system seems to be a feasible therapeutic regimen for patients with UC. In this study, we explored the gut microbiota signatures through elucidating donor-derived microbe that colonized the recipients and examined the contributions of these microbe to the efficacy of A-FMT.
Methods
In this study, 97 patients with active UC were enrolled between March 2014 and October 2019, of whom 49 patients were individually assigned a different donor on a one patient-to-one donor basis. FMT was performed via colonoscopy after a two-weeks oral administration of three antibacterial agents. The Lichtiger’s clinical activity index (CAI) at 4 weeks after A-FMT treatment was defined as "response" if the CAI was ≤9 points and improved by ≥3 points. Each case contributed three fecal samples (pre A-FMT, post A-FMT, and Donor). 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was performed on 147 collected fecal samples, and 6,501 Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASV) were identified and characterized.
Results
In responders, the relative abundance of 6 taxonomies including Alistipes were significantly abundant in both post A-FMT treatment samples and their donors’ samples, while 6 other taxonomies were significantly low. In non-responder, significantly low proportion of donor-derived and significantly high proportions of patients-origin and/or new ASV were observed compared with responders. The similarity of gut microbiota composition between donor and post A-FMT treatment was predominantly higher in responders compared to non-responders (Figure 1).
Conclusion
This study revealed that the engraftment of specific donor-derived microbes is a major factor in A-FMT outcomes, which may be the foundation for precision FMT. Rational identification of patient and donor characteristics can further advance the development of A-FMT therapy for UC.
Reaction cross sections (
σ
R
) for
11Be and
8B on proton targets at
50
A
∼
120
A
MeV
have been measured to distinguish between the proton- and neutron- density distributions at the nuclear surface. ...The
σ
R
is connected with the nucleon density distributions by the Glauber theory. Since the nucleon-nucleon total cross sections in that energy region have a large isospin dependence, the
σ
R
on proton targets should have a large difference between the proton and neutron in the halo structure. The experimental
σ
R
on proton targets are in good agreement with the calculated ones assuming that the tail dominantly consists of a neutron for
11Be and a proton for
8B.
The dynamic structure factor S(Q,D*w) of the melt of an icosahedral quasicrystal, Al72Pd20Mn8, was measured at 1223 K near the melting point, Tm = 1140 K, for momentum transfers, Q, from 1.5 to 27.15 ...nm-1 by means of an inelastic x-ray scattering technique using synchrotron radiation at SPring-8. The composition of Al72Pd20Mn8 is a special one in AlPdMn ternary alloys, since an icosahedral AlPdMn quasicrystal is formed from the melt. The acoustic mode was observed in the low-Q region, and a substantial broadening of the longitudinal current-current correlation function and the crossover of the effective sound velocity from hydrodynamic to viscoelastic regions were observed around 6 nm-1, which hints at the existence of a cluster with a size of about 1 nm in the melt.
Wide and small angle X-ray scattering measurements for supercritical fluid Se in the wide density region from liquid to dense vapor have been carried out using synchrotron radiation at SPring-8. The ...large background for the small angle spectra with the previous high-pressure vessel was much suppressed using a new vessel with a large diamond window. We carefully measured wide angle X-ray scattering near the critical density and obtained the structure factor, S(k), and the pair distribution functions, g(r). By small angle X-ray scattering measurements, we succeeded in observing a medium-range fluctuation in the semiconductor–metal transition in expanded fluid Se.
Liquid As
2
Se
3
undergoes the semiconductor-metal transition with increasing temperature when pressure is applied to avoid evaporation of the liquid. To investigate the atomic dynamics of liquid As
...2
Se
3
, we have carried out inelastic x-ray scattering experiments of this system at 1073 K and 6 MPa and obtained the dynamic structure factor
S
(
Q
,
E
), from approximately 1.6 nm
−1
to 11 nm
−1
, where
Q
and
E
are momentum and energy transfer, respectively. The excitation energy in the semiconducting state at 1073 K disperses as fast as the ultrasonic sound velocity at
Q
< 2.5 nm
−1
but at
Q
> 2.9 nm
−1
it disperses approximately 1.8 times faster. We analyzed
S
(
Q
,
E
) at 1073 K using a simple viscoelastic model and discussed
Q
dependence of the propagation of the acoustic mode.
The hexagonal phase MoSi2 was grown using MoS2 powder as the source material by the molten salt method. The structural and morphological properties of the resultant silicides are characterized. As a ...comparison, the structural and compositional characterizations were made for the Mo-silicides grown on a Mo substrate and a Mo-Ti alloy compact. It was revealed that the homogeneity of the chemical composition of the silicides grown using MoS2 is improved, except for the existence of the Si source powders, though a small amount of S remained in the powder. The layered structure of MoS2 with a hexagonal crystalline structure would affect the growth morphology and enhance the formation of the hexagonal MoSi2. A simple growth procedure to fix the crystalline structure using an appropriate starting material under a preferable growth environment is proposed. DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2012.55
Liquid Hg undergoes the metal–nonmetal (M–NM) transition when it is expanded from 13.6
g
cm
−3 at ambient conditions to 9
g
cm
−3 at high temperature and high pressure. To investigate collective and ...single particle motions in expanded fluid Hg, we have made inelastic X-ray scattering experiments and obtained the dynamic structure factor,
S(
Q,
ω), of fluid Hg. We analyzed
S(
Q,
ω) within the framework of generalized hydrodynamics and found that the excitation energies of collective modes disperse three times as fast as the hydrodynamic sound velocity in the M–NM transition region at 9
g
cm
−3. The results indicate the existence of fast sound in expanded fluid Hg accompanying the metal–non-metal transition and strongly hint that fluctuations intrinsic to the M–NM transition are induced on atomic length scale and sub-picosecond time scale.
The growth processes of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of two azobenzene disulfides formed on flat gold surfaces were studied to confirm the effect of the intermolecular interactions between ...azobenzene molecules on the light-triggered surface morphologies of the SAMs. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) absorption spectroscopy were employed to study the SAMs and their growth processes. The SAMs studied were of bulky-substituted azobenzene disulfide (Et-2S), and nonsubstituted azobenzene disulfide (Me-2S), formed on a gold-covered substrate, and had a twisted and a planar structure, respectively. STM-based imaging of the initial stage of the self-assembly of the Et-2S molecules revealed that cleavage of the disulfide bond occurred on the gold surface, and phase-separated domains composed of azobenzenethiolate and dodecanethiolate were formed. Time-dependent AFM-based imaging illustrated the mechanism through which the Et-2S SAM grewit was through the formation of dendritic aggregates and islandseventually resulting in phase-separated domains with a wormlike structure. This wormlike structure showed noticeable changes in its surface morphology upon irradiation with UV and visible light. On the other hand, while the growth process for the Me-2S SAM was similar to that of the Et-2S SAM, the final Me-2S SAM had smooth domains whose morphology did not exhibit photoswitchability. The TD and XP spectra of the SAMs showed that the number of adsorbed Et-2S molecules reached a point of saturation after a 24 h long immersion while the number of Me-2S molecules increased even after a 336 h long immersion. Furthermore, the area occupied by the azobenzene moiety in the Et-2S SAM was constant regardless of the immersion time, whereas that in the Me-2S SAM decreased with the immersion time. These results indicated that the strength of the interactions between the azobenzene molecules significantly influenced the aggregate-forming ability in SAMs.
PDF
