The non-toxic, lead-free halide double perovskite Cs 2 AgBiI 6 is a promising semiconductor material for optoelectronic applications. In this article, we demonstrate that material properties can be ...enhanced under applied pressure. Using density functional theory (DFT), we analyze structural, electronic, and optical traits of Cs 2 AgBiI 6 under different hydrostatic pressures. Increasing pressure leads to an inversely nonlinear reduction in lattice parameters. It also causes the indirect energy band gap to nonlinearly decrease, ultimately leading to a semiconductor-to-metal transition near 18 GPa. Moreover, the refractive index, absorption coefficient and reflectivity of the material also improved. With increased pressure, a redshift in the absorption spectra is observed for the absorption peaks in both the visible and ultraviolet ranges. Additionally, there has been a noticeable improvement in UV absorption, indicating their potential for future optoelectronic devices.
The present study was carried out to observe the antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects of petroleum-ether, ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions isolated from ethanolic extract of the leaves of ...Coccinia cordifolia Linn. (150 mg/kg body weight) on normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats for one day experiment. Single doses (150 mg/kg, i.p.) of C. cordifolia extracts were given to normal and diabetic rats. The fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum triglyceride (TG) and serum total cholesterol (TC) levels were investigated in normal and STZ-diabetic rats on 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 10, 16, and 24th hours. In normoglycemic rats the pet-ether and ethyl acetate fractions of C. cordifolia reduced blood glucose level significantly (39.66% and 40.68% at 16th and 24th hour respectively). In the STZ-diabetic rats pet-ether and ethyl acetate fractions also reduced blood glucose level significantly (50.39% and 50% at 10th and 24th hour respectively). Ethyl acetate fraction is most effective which reduced total cholesterol level by 31.04% and 36.69% in normal and STZ-diabetic rats respectively. Ethyl acetate fraction reduced triglyceride level by 43.82% and 42.01% in normal and STZ-diabetic rats respectively. Our results indicate that pet-ether and ethyl acetate fractions of C. cordifolia have potentiality against diabetes.
There are several approaches for encoding source code in the input vectors of neural models. These approaches attempt to include various syntactic and semantic features of input programs in their ...encoding. In this paper, we investigate Code2Snapshot, a novel representation of the source code that is based on the snapshots of input programs. We evaluate several variations of this representation and compare its performance with state-of-the-art representations that utilize the rich syntactic and semantic features of input programs.Our preliminary study on the utility of Code2Snapshot in the code summarization and code classification tasks suggests that simple snapshots of input programs have comparable performance to state-of-the-art representations. Interestingly, obscuring input programs have insignificant impacts on the Code2Snapshot performance, suggesting that, for some tasks, neural models may provide high performance by relying merely on the structure of input programs.
Key message
Identification of a large number of QTL and candidate genes for sodium accumulation in a field grown population of rice derived from the
aus
subpopulation.
Rice (
Oryza sativa
L.) is a ...globally important cereal crop. Sodium (Na
+
) and potassium (K
+
) are the major monovalent ions which affect rice growth, and exploring their uptake mechanisms will be useful for understanding rice biology. Since the balance of Na
+
and K
+
plays a significant role in adaptation of rice to salinity, that biology might inform the search for tolerance. In this study, the Na
+
and K
+
concentration and Na
+
/K
+
ratio in grains and shoots were analyzed in the Bengal and Assam Aus Panel grown in field conditions under continuously flooded (CF) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation. Overall, AWD irrigation significantly reduced the Na
+
concentration and increased the K
+
concentration in shoots and grains compared to the plants grown under CF. Genome-wide association mapping was conducted on Na
+
, K
+
concentration and Na
+
/K
+
ratio with 2 million SNPs using an efficient mixed model. Only QTLs which contained more than two significant SNPs (
p
< 0.0001) and where at least one of these significant SNPs passed a 10% false discovery rate were reported. A total of 106 QTLs were identified as being associated with Na
+
concentration and Na
+
/K
+
ratio across all traits and field conditions, with 48 QTLs found in multiple traits and/or water conditions. Four notable QTLs (one each on chromosomes 1 and 11, two on chromosome 2) and the haplotype variants of four candidate genes (
OsHKT1;5
,
OsNHX2
,
LOC_Os02g32490
and
OsFAD2_1
) are discussed. The QTLs/candidate genes identified here could be useful for breeding rice that accumulates lower concentrations of sodium.
Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized software development practices, yet concerns about their safety have arisen, particularly regarding hidden backdoors, aka trojans. Backdoor attacks ...involve the insertion of triggers into training data, allowing attackers to manipulate the behavior of the model maliciously. In this paper, we focus on analyzing the model parameters to detect potential backdoor signals in code models. Specifically, we examine attention weights and biases, activation values, and context embeddings of the clean and poisoned CodeBERT models. Our results suggest noticeable patterns in activation values and context embeddings of poisoned samples for the poisoned CodeBERT model; however, attention weights and biases do not show any significant differences. This work contributes to ongoing efforts in white-box detection of backdoor signals in LLMs of code through the analysis of parameters and activations.
In this paper, we propose a new technique of e-mail classification based on the analysis of grey list (GL) from the output of an integrated model, which uses multi-classifier classification ensembles ...of statistical learning algorithms. The GL is the output of a list of classifiers which are not categorized as true positive (TP) nor true negative (TN) but in an unclear status. Many works have been done to filter spam from legitimate e-mails using classification algorithms and substantial performance has been achieved with some amount of false-positive (FP) tradeoffs. However, in spam filtering applications the FP problem is unacceptable in many situations, therefore it is critical to properly classify e-mails in the GL. Our proposed technique uses an innovative analyser for making decisions about the status of these e-mails. It has been shown that the performance of our proposed technique for e-mail classification is much better than the existing systems, in terms of reducing FP problems and improving accuracy.
This paper proposes a double integral sliding mode (DISM) controller-based supercapacitor interfaced by a dc-dc bidirectional converter to improve the fault ride-through (FRT) capability of a wind ...energy conversion system (WECS) that is based on a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). Initially, the dynamical model is obtained for the dc-dc bidirectional converter in conjunction with the supercapacitor to accurately represent the system's behavior during normal and fault conditions. Subsequently, DISM controller is designed for the system using the obtained dynamical modelling that complies with the Lyapunov stability criterion. Afterwards, a single integral sliding mode (SISM) controller and conventional sliding mode (CSM) controller are designed for the same system to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed method. Additionally, to address the well-known chattering phenomenon associated with all sliding mode controllers, smooth functions are employed to minimize chattering effects. Comparative studies which have been done in this paper show that DISM controller performs significantly better than SISM and CSM controllers in every metric regarding settling time, overshoot and undershoot.
Prediction accuracy of rain attenuation on short-range millimeter-wave (mm-wave) terrestrial links is of the utmost importance for signal strength prediction and link budget of 5G systems and beyond. ...This letter contributes to the prediction of rain attenuation over millimeter-wave frequencies for a short-range path (less than 1 km). Interestingly, rain-induced attenuation predicted by utilizing ITU-R P.530-17 largely overestimates the measured data at 26 and 38 GHz with 300 m path length in Malaysia. This is due to the inclusion of the distance factor, which ranges between 2.5 ( f = 38 GHz) and 2.54 (26 GHz). The behavior of the distance factor is investigated thoroughly, and it is found that the maximum values of the distance factor are inconsistent for the path lengths less than 1 km. Consequently, a modification for the distance factor r in ITU-R P530.17 has been proposed. The rain attenuation data measured are utilized to validate and improve the proposed modifications. In addition, available rain attenuation measurements at 25 GHz for 223 m path length in Japan and 75 GHz for 10 m path length in Korea are also utilized for validation. Subsequently, several available measurements from different locations are used to validate the accuracy of the proposed model and are found in good agreement.
Large treatment deficits in child and adolescent mental health (CAMH) care exist in low and middle income countries (LMICs). This study reviewed CAMH training programs for non-specialist health ...professionals (NSHPs) in LMICs. Multiple databases were searched for peer-reviewed articles describing programs from 2005 to 2018. Educational source materials, trainee evaluation methods, and perspectives on teaching methods, course content and scheduling were studied. Six programs were identified. NSHPs were most appreciative of training which included case-based discussions, role plays and clinical demonstrations that were relevant to local contexts. A need for less intense and more flexible timetables to enable reflection was identified. WHO’s mental health gap action program intervention guide (mhGAP-IG) and international association of child and adolescent psychiatrists and allied professionals resources should be used; they are free, easily accessible, and developed with extensive international contributions. Additionally, mhGAP-IG assessment tool encourages mutual learning, thereby iteratively enhancing training programs.
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