Phytochemical study on a non-medicinal part of a plant material for herbal medicine, the roots of Schisandra chinensis, was conducted to isolate five new triterpenes, schinensins A–D (1–4) and ...3-O-methylchangnanic acid (5), together with 21 known compounds including 10 triterpenes, one sterol, two sesquiterpenes, seven lignans, and one flavonoid. The structures of new triterpenes (1–5) were assigned on the basis of spectroscopic analyses aided with TDDFT ECD calculations. Schinensin A (1) was a dinortriterpene possessing 28-norschiartane skeleton, while schinensins B–D (2–4) were assigned as 3,4:9,10-disecocycloartane, 3,4-secocycloartane, and cycloartane triterpenes, respectively. In an evaluation of antiproliferative activities against human cancer cell lines, some triterpenes exhibited significant activities against human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells as compared to the other cell lines (A549, HeLa, and RPMI8226).
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•The roots of Schisandra chinensis are a non-medicinal part.•Phytochemical investigation of the roots gave 26 compounds including 15 triterpenes.•Schinensin A was assigned as a new 28-norschiartane type dinortriterpene.•Some triterpene exhibited significant antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 cells.•A diversity of specialized metabolites of Shisandra chinensis roots was demonstrated.
J Oral Pathol Med (2011) 40: 651–658
The effect of ligation of the main excretory duct (MED) of the mouse submandibular gland (SMG) on the expression of Sca‐1, a stem cell antigen, was examined by ...Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. By Western blotting, the expression of Sca‐1 with a molecular weight of 18 kDa was identified in the normal gland. At 1 day post‐ligation, the expression level of Sca‐1 was strongly increased in the experimental gland and weakly in the contralateral gland, and such expression in both glands decreased at 6 days. By immunohistochemistry, Sca‐1 was detected weakly in the apical membrane of excretory duct (ED) cells of the SMG under the normal condition. By duct ligation, Sca‐1 became expressed strongly in most cells of the two major duct systems, i.e., the striated duct (SD) and granular convoluted tubules (GCT), but was not detected in the acinar (Ac) cells. By fluorescence‐activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis, the number of side population (SP) cells in this gland was found to be increased by ligation. These results imply that Sca‐1‐positive cells may have a role in the duct cell proliferation in the regeneration step elicited by MED ligation‐induced injury.
Sandhoff disease is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease caused by a defect of the β‐subunit gene (HEXB) associated with simultaneous deficiencies of β‐hexosaminidase A (HexA; αβ) and B ...(HexB; ββ), and excessive accumulation of GM2 ganglioside (GM2) and oligosaccharides with N‐acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues at their non‐reducing termini. Recent studies have shown the involvement of microglial activation in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration of this disease. We isolated primary microglial cells from the neonatal brains of Sandhoff disease model mice (SD mice) produced by disruption of the murine Hex β‐subunit gene allele (Hexb–/–). The cells expressed microglial cell‐specific ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1)‐immunoreactivity (IR) and antigen recognized by Ricinus communis agglutinin lectin‐120 (RCA120), but not glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)‐IR specific for astrocytes. They also demonstrated significant intracellular accumulation of GM2 and GlcNAc‐oligosaccharides. We produced a lentiviral vector encoding for the murine Hex β‐subunit and transduced it into the microglia from SD mice with the recombinant lentivirus, causing elimination of the intracellularly accumulated GM2 and GlcNAc‐oligosaccharides and secretion of Hex isozyme activities from the transduced SD microglial cells. Recomibinant HexA isozyme isolated from the conditioned medium of a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line simultaneously expressing the human HEXA (α‐subunit) and HEXB genes was also found to be incorporated into the SD microglia via cell surface cation‐independent mannose 6‐phosphate receptor and mannose receptor to degrade the intracellularly accumulated GM2 and GlcNAc‐oligosaccharides. These results suggest the therapeutic potential of recombinant lentivirus encoding the murine Hex β‐subunit and the human HexA isozyme (αβ heterodimer) for metabolic cross‐correction in microglial cells involved in progressive neurodegeneration in SD mice.
Objective: This study aimed to verify the validity and reliability of the seamless care for elderly dementia patients in community-based integrated care scale.Method: A questionnaire survey was ...administered to 1,370 nurses at 137 hospitals for community-based care.Results: We obtained 570 valid responses (41.6%). There were no question items indicating floor and ceiling effects. An exploratory factor analysis revealed that seamless care consisted of the following six factors: “utilizing the advantages of multiple occupations,” “considering the current state of a patient’s family,” “maintaining a patient’s gentle daily life,” “aiming to improve a patient’s daily living behavior according to cognitive function,” “medical management for a patient after being discharged,” and “cooperation with medical social workers from the beginning of hospitalization.” No question items had factor loadings less than .400. Because the α value of each factor was not less than .800, the internal consistency of this scale could be verified. In a confirmatory factor analysis, the comparative fit index values were .905 and above .900, and the root mean square error of approximation value was .065.Conclusion: The validity and reliability of this scale were verified. This scale should be used to fulfill functions required for hospitals for community-based care to cope with elderly dementia patients.
A traceless thioester-producing protocol featuring carboxypeptidase Y-mediated hydrazinolysis of cysteinyl prolyl leucine-tagged peptides has been developed. The hydrazinolysis followed by ...thioesterification affords cysteinyl prolyl thioesters. Self-editing of the tag and subsequent
trans
-thioesterification yields peptide thioesters. The developed protocol was successfully applied to the conversion of recombinant proteins to thioesters.
Thioester-producing protocol featuring carboxypeptidase Y (CPaseY)-mediated hydrazinolysis and subsequent self-editing of tag affords protein thioesters in a traceless manner.
Structurally unique C28 terpenoids, perovsfolins A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the aerial parts of an Uzbek medicinal plant, Perovskia scrophulariifolia (Lamiaceae). Their chemical structures ...including an unprecedented 6/8/6/6/6 pentacyclic carbon skeleton with a C6–C3 ester moiety were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses aided by density functional theory calculations as well as chemical evidence. Perovsfolin B (2) exhibited an anti-neuroinflammatory activity.
Going to SEA(lide): Total chemical synthesis of a 162‐residue glycoprotein analogue of the monoglycosylated human GM2‐activator protein (GM2AP) was achieved. Key steps were the use of ...N‐sulfanylethylanilide (SEAlide) peptides in the kinetic chemical ligation synthesis of a large peptide fragment, and a convergent native chemical ligation for final fragment assembly.
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