Agrotehničke mjere kojima čovjek stvara povoljne uvjete za rast i razvoj poljoprivredne kulture mogu imati veliki utjecaj na razvoj štetnih organizama. Pravilna primjena agrotehničkih mjera može ...znatno smanjiti potrebu za primjenom kemijskih mjera zaštite bilja, a u pojedinim slučajevima i potpuno isključiti potrebu za njima. U radu je dat pregled osnovnih agrotehničkih mjera kao što su: izbor površine, prostorna izolacija, plodored, obrada tla, sjetva i sadnja, gnojidba, biofumigacija, uzgoj kultivara otpornih ili tolerantnih na štetne organizme te su opisani primjeri njihovog utjecaja na pojedine štetne organizme.
Agrotechnical measures by which man creates favorable conditions for the growth and development of agricultural crops can have a great impact on the development of harmful organisms. The appropriate application of agrotechnical measures can significantly reduce the need for the application of chemical plant protection measures, and in some cases even completely eliminate the need for them. The paper provides an overview of basic agrotechnical measures such as: surface selection, spatial isolation, crop rotation, tillage, sowing and planting, fertilization, biofumigation, cultivation of cultivars resistant or tolerant to harmful organisms, and examples of their impact on certain harmful organisms are described.
Na pojavu i štete od kukuruznog moljca kao jednog od najvažnijih štetnika kukuruza mogu utjecati različiti čimbenici. Istraživanje utjecaja sustava obrade tla i gnojidbe kukuruza na napad i štete od ...kukuruznog moljca provedeno je 2021. godine na pokusnim površinama Veleučilišta u Križevcima. Tretmani u pokusu bili su: standardna obrada tla (ST), konzervacijski sustav plitki (KSP) i konzervacijski sustav duboki (KSD), gnojidba prema preporuci (GPP), GPP s dodatkom biofoziološkog aktivatora (GPPGEO) te gnojidba umanjena za 50% (GU) i GU s dodatkom biofoziološkog aktivatora (GUGEO). Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da sustav obrade tla, gnojidba kukuruza i njihove interakcije imaju značajan utjecaj na većinu, ali ne na sve mjerene parametre oštećenja od kukuruznog moljca (postotak zaraze stabljike, drške klipa i klipa, broj rupa i ukupna dužina oštećenja, broj gusjenica po biljci). Varijante ST, GPPGEO i GPP te njihove interakcije rezultirale su najvećim intenzitetom zaraze u većini parametara. Sustav obrade tla nije imao značajan učinak na postotak zaraze drške klipa, a gnojidba nije imala utjecaja na postotak zaraženih stabljika i broj gusjenica po biljci. Najveća masa klipa po biljci utvrđena je kod tretmana obrade tla KSP i ST, kod gnojidbe GPPGEO i GPP te u interakcijama KSP i GPP te ST i GPPGEO.
The infestation and damage caused by the European corn borer (ECB), as one of the most important pests of corn, are influenced by various factors. Research on the impact of different soil tillage systems and corn fertilization on attack and damage of ECB was conducted in year 2021 in Križevci (NW Croatia). The influence of conventional tillage (ST), deep loosening (CTD shallow loosening (CTS), fertilization as recommended (FR), FR with addition of biophysiological activator Geo2 (FRG) and fertilization reduced by 50% (F50%) and F50% with addition (F50%G)) of biophysiological activator were determined. The results of the research showed that the tillage system, corn fertilization and their interactions have a significant influence on most of the measured parameters of intensity of infestation from the ECB (percentage of stem, ear shank and ear infestation, number and length of holes in stalk, number of caterpillars per plant), but not for all. Variants ST, FRG and FR and their interactions resulted in the highest infestation intensity in most parameters, but the tillage system had no significant effect on the percentage of ear shank infestation, and fertilization did not affect the percentage of stalk infestation and the number of caterpillars per plant. The highest ear mass per plant was found in soil treatment CTS and ST, in fertilization FRG and FR and in the interactions of CTS and FR and ST and FRG.
The infestation and damage caused by the European corn borer (ECB), as one of the most important pests of corn, are influenced by various factors. Research on the impact of different soil tillage ...systems and corn fertilization on attack and damage of ECB was conducted in year 2021 in Križevci (NW Croatia). The influence of conventional tillage (ST), deep loosening (CTD shallow loosening (CTS), fertilization as recommended (FR), FR with addition of biophysiological activator Geo2 (FRG) and fertilization reduced by 50% (F50%) and F50% with addition (F50%G)) of biophysiological activator were determined. The results of the research showed that the tillage system, corn fertilization and their interactions have a significant influence on most of the measured parameters of intensity of infestation from the ECB (percentage of stem, ear shank and ear infestation, number and length of holes in stalk, number of caterpillars per plant), but not for all. Variants ST, FRG and FR and their interactions resulted in the highest infestation intensity in most parameters, but the tillage system had no significant effect on the percentage of ear shank infestation, and fertilization did not affect the percentage of stalk infestation and the number of caterpillars per plant. The highest ear mass per plant was found in soil treatment CTS and ST, in fertilization FRG and FR and in the interactions of CTS and FR and ST and FRG.
Agrotechnical measures by which man creates favorable conditions for the growth and development of agricultural crops can have a great impact on the development of harmful organisms. The appropriate ...application of agrotechnical measures can significantly reduce the need for the application of chemical plant protection measures, and in some cases even completely eliminate the need for them. The paper provides an overview of basic agrotechnical measures such as: surface selection, spatial isolation, crop rotation, tillage, sowing and planting, fertilization, biofumigation, cultivation of cultivars resistant or tolerant to harmful organisms, and examples of their impact on certain harmful organisms are described.
A concept of critical period of weed competition has been introduced for more than 40 years ago. The concept is based on the assumption that weeds are not equally harmful to a crop during the whole ...season and that there is a period in crop development in which weeds impact on the yield is the biggest. This period is called critical period of weed competition (CPWC), critical period of weed interference, or critical period of weed control. There is a difference in CPWC between crops, but CPWC for a certain crop can vary a lot because it depends on many factors which can affect the crop or weeds competition ability. The critical period of weed competition identification is essential for integrated weed control and precise planning of a weed control strategy as well as for rationale use of herbicides and other weed control measures.
Prošlo je više od 40 godina od kada je u strategiju suzbijanja korova uveden koncept pretpostavke da korov nije jednako štetan tijekom cijeloga razdoblja razvoja kulture, odnosno da u razvoju ...poljoprivredne kulture postoji razdoblje u kojem se prisutnost korova
najviše odražava na prinos. To se razdoblje naziva kritično razdoblje zakorovljenosti (KRZ) ili kritično razdoblje suzbijanja korova. Među poljoprivrednim kulturama postoje razlike u KRZ-u, ali i variranja KRZ-a za pojedinu poljoprivrednu kulturu jer KRZ ovisi o nizu čimbenika koji mogu utjecati na kompetitivnu sposobnost kulturne
biljke ili korova. Poznavanje kritičnoga razdoblja zakorovljenosti ključna je pretpostavka integriranoga suzbijanja korova te preciznoga planiranja strategije suzbijanja korova, kao i racionalne uporabe herbicida ili drugih mjera suzbijanja korova.
Grazing is the most common way of using a hill and mountain areas because of their specific agro-ecological conditions. Cocksfoot is a grass with high productivity and quality, and it is very good ...for sowing in the sward for grazing. Because of its good adaptability to different growing conditions, especially in very dry and cold areas, it is excellent in relation to some other good grasses, which can not be raised in such areas. The aim of the experiment was to determine effect of N application (0-N0 and 150 kg ha-1 year-1-N150) and rotational grazing by cattle (C) and sheep (S), and their interaction on the cocksfoot sown in a mixture of smooth-stalked meadow grass (Poa pratensis L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in hill mountain areas. In a three-year average, the application of 150 kg ha-1 N had significant impact on cocksfoot population density (number of tillers m-2), and it was 51.4 % higher than the recorded one before grazing (P<0.05) and 42.2 % higher after grazing (P<0.01) in comparison to N0. The application of 150 kg ha-1 N resulted in significantly higher cocksfoot dry matter (DM) yield for 38.6 % (P<0.01) and 15.3 % higher cocksfoot share in the total mixture in relation to N0 (P<0.01). Grazing management and grazing management interaction with N rate did not significantly affect the population density of individual years. However, in the three-year average, grazing management significantly affected cocksfoot DM (P<0.01) and its percentage in the total DM mixture (P<0.01). Cattle grazing resulted in 9.9 % higher cocksfoot DM yield and 15.2 % higher cocksfoot percentage in pasture. Interaction of grazing management and N-level had significant influence on the percentage of cocksfoot DM in grass-clover mixture. On cattle grazed areas fertilized with 150 kg ha-1 N, the percentage of cocksfoot DM was the highest (74. 07%), while the lowest percentage of cocksfoot DM was recorded on the sheep grazed areas without N (55.12%).
Effect of spacing size and shape on oil pumpkin yield (Cucurbita pepo L. var. oleifera) was investigated in two – year field experiments during 2004 and 2005 on The College of Agriculture at Križevci ...experimental fields. The investigated planting distances were: 100x100, 140x70, 140 x 50, 80 x 80 and 140x30 cm. The experiment was set out by to the Latin square method with five replications, and data was analyzed using analysis of variance. Austrian cultivar Gleissdorf was tested. Number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, number of fruits per hectare, yield of fruits per hectare, average seed weight per fruit and seed yield per hectare were established. Highly significant large number of fruits per plant in both years was established at greater spacing size (100x100 cm – 1.43 fruit/plant in 2004; 140x70 cm – 1.1 fruit/plant in 2005). Average fruit weight regularly was higher at greater spacing size (140x70 cm – 4239 g in 2004; and 100x100 cm – 4183 g in 2005) but not significant. Even though the differences were not significant between treatmants in both years the greatest number of fruits per hectare (16 167- 2004; 13 917 – 2005) and fruit yield per hectare (60.1 t/ha – 2004; 54.2 t/ha – 2005) ) was obtained at spacing 140x30 cm. The highest seed yield per hectare in both years (1397.2 kg/ha – 2004; 1167.6 kg/ha – 2005) was obtained at the same spacing (140x30 cm) but high significant only in 2004 year.
Uljna buča (Cucurbita pepo L.) ima dugu tradiciju uzgoja u Hrvatskoj, a zbog isplativosti proizvodnje povedava se interes za njezinim uzgojem. Prinosi sjemenaka uljne buče variraju u velikom rasponu ...od 500 do 1200 kg suhog sjemena po hektaru, u čemu veliku ulogu ima i uspješnost suzbijanja korova. U radu je opisana botanička pripadnost, morfologija i biologija te tehnologija uzgoja uljne buče. Prikazani su najčešdi korovi i njihov utjecaj na prinos i komponente prinosa u usjevu uljne buče, kritično razdoblje zakorovljenosti te čimbenici koji na njega utječu.
SUZBIJANJE KOROVA U TIKVENJAČAMA Barić, Klara; Ivanek-Martinčić, Marijana; Lakić, Josip ...
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04/2019, Letnik:
19, Številka:
3
Paper
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Prema službenoj se evidenciji tikvenjače u Hrvatskoj uzgajaju na 5 000 do 7 000 hektara. Znatno dominira uzgoj uljne buče (cca 70%) i lubenice (cca 10%). Korovi su važan ograničavajudi čimbenik ...proizvodnje. Izbor je herbicida ograničen. Ovisno o vrsti tikvenjače, registrirani su samo S-metolaklor, petoksamid, pendimetalin, napropamid, klomazon i cikloksidim. Kemijske se mjere borbe zbog ograničena izbora herbicida i nepotpuna spektra djelovanja uobičajeno u praksi kombiniraju s mehaničkim mjerama (međuredna kultivacija, okopavanje) te, kod manje zastupljenih vrsta, s uzgojem na foliji. Nekemijske mjere (živi i mrtvi malč, slijepa sjetva i dr.) treba istražiti u hrvatskim pedo-klimatskim uvjetima.
