This review analyzes the issues associated with biodegradation of glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine), one of the most widespread herbicides. Glyphosate can accumulate in natural environments and ...can be toxic not only for plants but also for animals and bacteria. Microbial transformation and mineralization of glyphosate, as the only means of its rapid degradation, are discussed in detail. The different pathways of glyphosate catabolism employed by the known destructing bacteria representing different taxonomic groups are described. The potential existence of alternative glyphosate degradation pathways, apart from those mediated by C-P lyase and glyphosate oxidoreductase, is considered. Since the problem of purifying glyphosate-contaminated soils and water bodies is a topical issue, the possibilities of applying glyphosate-degrading bacteria for their bioremediation are discussed.
The results of a study into the effect of irradiation with heavy Ar ions on the structural and optical characteristics of 4
H
-SiC are presented. It is shown that even upon single-time irradiation ...with 53-MeV Ar ions at a fluence of 1 × 10
10
cm
–2
there are at least two powerful local regions with negative deformation dominant in the structure of silicon carbide. Also, a region with positive deformation is observed in the structure. The formation of localized clusters with negative and positive deformations along with the undisturbed matrix gives rise to linear-type defects that partially relieve stresses in the structure. It is assumed that, upon irradiation with Ar ions, the resulting complex defect structure provides the effect of point-defect gettering and leads to a quantum efficiency of 4
H
-SiC UV photodetectors that is comparable with that of the initial samples.
Despite a persistent interest in verb processing, data on the neural underpinnings of verb retrieval are fragmentary. The present study is the first to analyze the contributions of both grey and ...white matter damage affecting verb retrieval through action naming in stroke. We used voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) with an action naming task in 40 left-hemisphere stroke patients. Within the grey matter, we revealed the critical involvement of the left precentral and inferior frontal gyri, insula, and parts of basal ganglia. An overlay of white matter tract probability masks on the VLSM lesion map revealed involvement of left-hemisphere long and short association tracts with terminations in the frontal areas; and several projection tracts. The involvement of these structures is interpreted in the light of existing picture naming models, semantic control processes, and the embodiment cognition framework. Our results stress the importance of both cortico-cortical and cortico-subcortical networks of language processing.
•Damage to left frontal areas; insula, and basal ganglia affects action naming.•Action naming relies upon frontal regions involved in word retrieval.•Action naming recruits regions involved in semantic control and motor processing.•Cortico-subcortical networks are critically involved in action naming.
The relevance of the study is determined by the increasing role of risks in the formation of motivation programs aimed at retaining managers of the middle and top levels of organization management. ...The purpose of the study was to identify risks that arise in the process of implementing motivation programs for managerial personnel. In the study, the following tasks were solved: determining the sources and risk factors; assessing the probability of risks and the level of possible consequences of a risk event; identifying the risks that are most priority for management based on building a risk map; development of ways to reduce risks that reduce the effectiveness of the implementation of motivational programs to retain managers of the organization. The work uses systematic and situational approaches, expert assessment, the survey method and the Delphi method, risk mapping. The developed measures to eliminate risks will allow organizations to prevent reputational and financial losses and analyze the effectiveness of each implemented motivational tool to retain the leaders of the organization.
Originally published in Russian in 2006, this is the first English translation of this important book on paleoceanography and paleoclimatology. Its initial publication was followed by a surge of ...interest in this subject prompting the author to revise and translate her original work. In the book, she successfully summarizes her own research over recent years and compiles an overview of up-to-date knowledge on past ocean circulation.The key topics include:- Modern thermohaline circulation and main stages of its development during the Cenozoic- Methods and proxies of paleoceanographic reconstruction- Variability of the meridional overturning circulation and paleoceanographic events in the North Atlantic during the last climatic cycle- Influence of the global thermohaline circulation on paleoceanographic events in the Eurasian Arctic seas, the Northern Indian Ocean, and the South China Sea- The role of the thermohaline circulation in global teleconnections in the Antarctic, Eurasian Arctic, northern Pacific and low latitudes Indo-Pacific. Comprehensive investigation of hundreds of international publications and her own results, convinced the author that the global thermohaline circulation controls the remote teleconnections on millennial-scale and partly on centennial-scale, while short-term climate signals are mainly transferred by the atmosphere.This revised and extended English edition provides the latest unpublished data, new figures and modeling results. The extensive reference list contains more than 100 publications and 140 new references.
Cellular redox homeostasis involves a combination of redox processes and corresponding regulatory systems and represents an important factor ensuring cell viability. Redox-dependent regulation of ...cellular processes is a multi-level system including not only proteins and enzyme complexes, but also non-coding RNAs, among which an important role belongs to microRNAs. The review focuses on the involvement of miRNAs in the redox-dependent regulation of both ROS (reactive oxygen species)-generating enzymes and antioxidant enzymes with special emphasis on the effects of miRNAs on redox-dependent processes in tumor cells. The impact of ROS on the miRNA expression and the role of the ROS/miRNA feedback regulation in the cell redox state are discussed.
New iron(
ii
) complexes with 2,6-bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine (L), in particular, FeL
2
A
2
·
n
H
2
O (A = Br
−
(I), NO
3
−
(II), C
2
N
3
−
(III);
n
= 1 (I), 0.5 (II), 2 (III)) and NiL
2
Br
2
...·1.23H
2
O·3.33EtOH (IV), have been synthesized and studied using single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction techniques, UV-vis (diffuse reflection), IR and Mössbauer spectroscopy, as well as static magnetic susceptibility measurements. According to the experimental
μ
eff
(
T
) curves all the studied iron(
ii
) compounds exhibit
1
A
1
↔
5
T
2
spin-crossover.
Novel iron(
ii
) bromide, nitrate and dicyanamide complexes with 2,6-bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine possessing high-temperature
1
A
1
↔
5
T
2
spin crossover were obtained.
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator uPA and its receptor (uPAR) are the central players in extracellular matrix proteolysis, which facilitates cancer invasion and metastasis. EGFR is one of the ...important components of uPAR interactome. uPAR/EGFR interaction controls signaling pathways that regulate cell survival, proliferation and migration. We have previously established that uPA binding to uPAR stimulates neurite elongation in neuroblastoma cells, while blocking uPA/uPAR interaction induces neurite branching and new neurite formation. Here we demonstrate that blocking the uPA binding to uPAR with anti-uPAR antibody decreases the level of pEGFR and its downstream pERK1/2, but does increase phosphorylation of Akt, p38 and c-Src Since long-term uPAR blocking results in a severe DNA damage, accompanied by PARP-1 proteolysis and Neuro2a cell death, we surmise that Akt, p38 and c-Src activation transmits a pro-apoptotic signal, rather than a survival.
Serum deprivation resulting in enhanced neuritogenesis is accompanied by an upregulated uPAR mRNA expression, while EGFR mRNA remains unchanged. EGFR activation by EGF stimulates neurite growth only in uPAR-overexpressing cells but not in control or uPAR-deficient cells. In addition, AG1478-mediated inhibition of EGFR activity impedes neurite growth in control and uPAR-deficient cells, but not in uPAR-overexpressing cells. Altogether these data implicate uPAR as an important regulator of EGFR and ERK1/2 signaling, representing a novel mechanism which implicates urokinase system in neuroblastoma cell survival and differentiation.
Display omitted
•uPAR is an important regulator of neuroblastoma cell survival and differentiation.•uPAR is upstream of the EGFR/ERK1/2 signaling pathway.•EGFR/ERK1/2 controls cell survival in the absence of uPAR.•EGFR/ERK1/2 promotes neurite growth in uPAR-expressing cells.
Introduction
Combination antihypertensive therapy is required by most patients to achieve guideline-recommended blood pressure (BP) goals. This study assessed the effectiveness and tolerability of ...bisoprolol/perindopril (Bis/Per) single-pill combination (SPC) in Russian patients with hypertension and coronary artery disease (CAD) treated in routine clinical practice.
Methods
STYLE (NCT03730116) was an open-label, uncontrolled, prospective observational study conducted in patients who were already receiving Bis/Per SPC, switched to SPC from Bis or Per monotherapy, or switched from a free combination of Bis and Per. Primary endpoint criteria were assessed at 1 and 3 months and included change in mean office systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP), proportion achieving target BP (< 140/90 mmHg), and measures of antianginal effectiveness.
Results
The full analysis set comprised 1892 subjects. Mean age was 61.9 ± 8.8 years, 53.2% were women, and mean durations of hypertension and CAD were 12.5 ± 7.9 and 7.2 ± 6.4 years, respectively. Mean SBP/DBP decreased by 22.3/11.0 mmHg and 31.5/15.9 mmHg at 1 and 3 months, respectively (
P
< 0.0001 vs baseline). Target BP was achieved by 49.2% and 86.7% of patients at 1 and 3 months, respectively. Reductions in mean number of angina attacks and nitrate consumption and improvements in heart rate were statistically significant. Treatment was well tolerated.
Conclusion
Treatment of patients with hypertension and CAD with Bis/Per SPC for 3 months was associated with significant decreases in SBP/DBP and a high proportion of patients achieving BP treatment goals. This was accompanied by an improvement in angina symptoms. Treatment was well tolerated in a broad patient population representative of those seen in everyday clinical practice.
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