The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of heavy metals/metalloids (Pb, Cd, Hg, Cu, Fe, Zn, As) in the muscle tissue of fish from the Danube River (two locations: Zemun and Grocka). For ...the purpose of heavy metal determination in fish muscle, 120 samples of six different fish species, Prussian carp, barbel, bream, carp, pike perch, and catfish were collected. For determining heavy metals, we used microwave oven digestion and atomic absorption spectrometer methods. The highest average content of Pb (0.084 ± 0.004 mg kg
−1
), Cd (0.082 ± 0.003 mg kg
−1
), Hg (0.466 ± 0.006 mg kg
−1
), and As (0.333 ± 0.007 mg kg
−1
) was found in the muscle of carp (an omnivorous fish) from Grocka, while the highest average level of Fe (13.60 ± 0.03 mg kg
−1
) was deposited in bream (also omnivorous) from Zemun. Also, the average Cu level (1.62 ± 0.13 mg kg
−1
) was the highest in catfish muscle (a carnivorous fish) from Grocka, while the highest Zn content (11.16 ± 0.17 mg kg
−1
) was determined in muscle of Prussian carp (an omnivorous fish) from Zemun. The highest content of heavy metals (Cu, Fe, and Zn, respectively) in muscle of the six different types of fish from both locations was symmetrically arranged by species (catfish, barbel, and Prussian carp, respectively). Concentrations of Pb, Hg, and As in the Danube River fish muscle were under the maximum residual levels prescribed by the European Union (EU) and the maximum allowed concentrations (MAC) for Serbia. On the other hand, in all fish muscle from both locations (Zemun and Grocka), higher concentrations of Cd than prescribed (MAC) were found, with the exception of bream and pike perch.
The aim of this study was to determine the ergogenic effects and the safety profile of a one-component higenamine supplement in female recreational athletes. Twelve recreational female basketball ...players (age 29–41 years, oxygen consumption (VO
2
max) > 30 ml⋅kg
–1
⋅min
–1
, with training > 5 h wk
–1
) were randomized either to the higenamine group, or to the placebo group for 3 weeks. In order to determine ergogenic effects and safety profile of higenamine administration, we assessed the following variables before and after 3 weeks of supplementation: anthropometric parameters, resting metabolic rate (RMR), exercise testing variables, serum free fatty acids (FFAs), blood pressure, enzyme activity, urea, lipid profile, and complete blood count. There were no differences between groups in anthropometric parameters, including basal metabolic rate (BMR), RMR and body fat
p
= 0.706 (Cohen’s
d
0.223),
p
= 0.169 (Cohen’s
d
0.857), and
p
= 0.223 (Cohen’s
d
0.750), respectively, FFAs 0.43 ± 0.03 vs. 0.54 ± 0.23,
p
= 0.206 (Cohen’s
d
0.540), neither significant differences in cardiopulmonary parameters after the intervention period. Furthermore, all measured outcome variables in the safety assessment were not significant, with values remaining stable during the intervention period for participants in both groups. This is the first study to document the effects and the safety profile of higenamine-based dietary supplements at a specified dose in female recreational athletes. Our data indicate that 21-day of supplementation with 75 mg higenamine would not result in improving cardiopulmonary exercise fitness and weight loss in female recreational athletes. Moreover, supplementation with 75 mg higenamine is safe and well-tolerated in younger recreational female athletes.
Background
Comorbidities occur frequently in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of the most common comorbidities in the population of ...MS patients in Belgrade, Serbia.
Material and methods
Data on diagnosed and fully documented comorbidities were taken from the Belgrade MS population registry. The list of explored comorbidities included cardiovascular, malignant, and autoimmune diseases; psychiatric disorders; epilepsy; and type 2 diabetes. In the data analysis, crude, age- and gender-specific, and age-adjusted prevalence was calculated. Additionally, comorbidities were analyzed in patients with various MS phenotypes.
Results
The most prevalent group of comorbidities were psychiatric (prevalence (Prev) = 20.59%, 95% CI 19.10–22.17) and cardiovascular comorbidities (Prev = 15.23%, 95% CI 13.93–16.63). The most prevalent single comorbidities were depression (Prev = 11.82%, 95% CI 10.64–13.11) and hypertension (Prev = 11.41%, 95% CI 10.25–12.68). Type 2 diabetes was significantly more prevalent in patients with primary progressive MS compared with the patients with relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive MS (
p
< 0.001). We found statistically significant positive correlation between number of comorbidities and progression index (
p
< 0.001). Patients treated with disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) had significantly higher risk of developing comorbidity, after treatment initiation, compared with those who were untreated (
p
= 0.001).
Conclusions
Our study demonstrated high prevalence of comorbidities in persons with MS, with psychiatric and cardiovascular diseases being the most common. Furthermore, our findings confirmed the association of comorbidities with progression of disability and emphasized their role in treatment decision-making in MS.
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of different feed composition and cultivation on the composition of fatty acids, their relationships, and the cholesterol content in the tissue of ...rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Trout were reared in ponds at two different altitudes and raised on different feeds. The total amount of monounsaturated fatty acids in fillets of both groups showed no statistically significant difference. However, higher levels of n‐6 fatty acids were found in Pond I trout fillets than in Pond II fillets, while Pond II fillets contained almost even amounts of n‐3 and n‐6 fatty acids. Total cholesterol content in Pond I trout fillets was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than in Pond II fillets. The results indicate that the final composition of the trout fillets was mostly dependent on the feed the live fish had consumed; the altitude of the ponds had less effect. Also, both groups of trout could be used in the human diet as biologically valuable foods.
Practical application: Our results show influence of altitude, feed, and fatty acid composition of feed on trout fillets. The average fatty acid level in the trout fillets increased in the order SFA <MUFA <PUFA. Trout fillets contain low levels of cholesterol but high levels of EPA, DPA, and DHA. These facts are important for fish industries and aquaculture producers to design a healthy food.
The trout, although grown at two different altitudes, showed differences in their basic chemical composition and in their fatty acid composition which more tended to be related to the composition of their feed. Low cholesterol levels and high levels of EPA, DPA, and DHA, as well as reasonably favorable ratios of n‐3 and n‐6 fatty acids indicate that the trout from both groups could be suitable for use in the human diet as biologically valuable foods.
The trout, although grown at two different altitudes, showed differences in their basic chemical composition and in their fatty acid composition which more tended to be related to the composition of their feed. Low cholesterol levels and high levels of EPA, DPA, and DHA, as well as reasonably favorable ratios of n‐3 and n‐6 fatty acids indicate that the trout from both groups could be suitable for use in the human diet as biologically valuable foods.
The theme of this paper is the modeling of focal-directorial surfaces, starting with their definition, as a locus of points, whose sum of the distances to the focus and/or directrix is constant and ...predefined. We presented a heuristic algorithm for modeling surfaces and their isocurves, achieved through the use of the Grasshopper visual programming editor in the RhinoCeros environment. Surfaces and their isocurves were generated in a spherical grid, because a Cartesian grid proved unsuitable for the task and the chosen approach. This paper additionally proposes a modeling algorithm of a discrete variation of focal-directorial surfaces. The proposed modeling method is a 3D convex hull implemented on a set of surface points, with the selected points close to that surface. The discrete model is realized both in a Cartesian and spherical grid. There are significant differences between the obtained results.
The aim of this study was the investigation of water, sediments and fish tissues contamination with heavy metals. All samples were taken from the Danube River in Belgrade region, a location upstream ...from Batajnica. Concentrations of Cd, Hg and Pb in water samples were not detected, while concentrations of Zn, Fe, Cu and As were in the range of 0.004 - 0.330 mg L
. Iron was the most deposited metal in sediment samples in contrast to water samples where all investigated metals were detected. For the purpose of heavy metals determination in fresh fish tissue, fifteen samples of three different fish species, silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and wels catfish (Silurus glanis) were collected. Concentrations of Pb, Cd, As and Hg were determined in the digestive tract, liver and muscle by absorption spectroscopy. The highest concentration of Pb was in the digestive tract in all three fish species, ranging from 0.036 to 1.518 μg g
, while Cd was mostly deposited in the liver. Concentrations of As were in the range of 0.36 - 0.73 μg g
in Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, 0.013 - 0.18 μg g
in Cyprinus carpio and 0.003 - 0.005 μg g
in Silurus glanis tissues, while the content of Hg was equal in all tested tissues of carp. Concentrations of all metals were found to be present in the fish samples at different levels, but these values are under the maximum residual levels prescribed by the European Union (EU) and the maximum allowed concentrations (MAC) for Serbia, so the fish meat is acceptable for the human consumption.
Although the importance of bilateral cortical innervation in the control of swallowing is well known, neurogenic dysphagia caused by unilateral hemispheric ischemic lesion has been also reported. Our ...patient is a 41-year-old male who developed difficulty swallowing liquids, oral apraxia, and motor dysphasia, followed by right-hand ataxia. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed subcortical tumefactive conglomerate of cystic lesions in the left frontal, precentral region, which were sharp edged, with perilesional edema, concordant with lesions in Marburg's variant of multiple sclerosis. Steroid treatment and plasma exchange therapy led to disappearance of neurological symptoms. Treatment with interferon β-1a 40 mcg sc was initiated. During a 3-year follow-up, clinical/brain MRI scan showed no new neurological manifestations, a significant regression of lesion size, and no new brain lesions. To the best of our knowledge, this is a first case of dysphagia caused by unilateral hemispheric lesion in a multiple sclerosis patient.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background Objective reporting of postoperative complications is the foundation of surgical quality assurance. We developed a system to identify both presence and severity of thoracic morbidity and ...mortality, and evaluated its feasibility and utility over the first two years of its implementation. Methods The system was based on the Clavien-Dindo classification, in which the severity of a complication is proportional to the effort to treat it. Definitions were developed by peer review and questionnaire. All patients undergoing thoracic surgery (January 2008 to December 2009) were prospectively evaluated. Results A total of 953 patients (mean age 61 years; range, 14 to 95) underwent thoracic surgery (total # cases 1260), of which 369 patients had at least one complication (29.3% procedures). Grades I and II include minor complications requiring no therapy or pharmacologic intervention only. Grades III and IV are major complications that require surgical intervention or life support. Grade V complications result in patient death. Grades I, II, III, and IV complications comprised 4.9%, 63.9%, 21.1%, and 7.8% of all complications; overall mortality rate (grade V) was 2.2%. The most common complications were prolonged air leak (18.8%) and atrial fibrillation (18.2%) after pulmonary resection, and atrial fibrillation (11.5%) after esophagectomy-gastrectomy. Prolonged air leak led to a major complication (13%), readmission (17%), or prolonged hospital stay (29%) to a greater extent than atrial fibrillation (3%, 2%, and 7%, respectively). Conclusions This standardized classification system for identifying presence and severity of thoracic surgical complications is feasible, facilitates objective comparison, identifies burden of illness of individual complications, and provides an effective method for continuous surgical quality assessment.
The chromatic number related to a colouring of facets of certain classes of generalised associahedra is studied. The exact values are obtained for permutohedra, associahedra and simple ...permutoassociahedra, while lower and upper bounds are established for cyclohedra and stellohedra. The asymptotic values of the chromatic numbers for associahedra, cyclohedra and simple permutoassociahedra are given.
Prema podacima Svetske zdravstvene organizacije (WHO), bolesti prenosive hranom predstavljaju narastajuši problem javnog zdravlja u zemljama u razvoju, zemljama u tranziciji, ali i u razvijenim ...zemljama. Najţešši izazivaţi alimentarnih infekcija poreklom iz mesa su: Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium botulinum, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Shigella. Jersinioza ljudi je oboljenje koje se dovodi u vezu sa svinjskim mesom i proizvodima od svinjskog mesa. U svetu je zabeleţen porast sluţajeva ovog oboljenja. Posle salmoneloze i kampilobakterioze uzroţnik jersinioze sa svrstava na treše mesto po uţestalosti infekcije. Zbog toga prema preporukama Evropske agencije za bezbednost hrane (EFSA) utvrŤivanje prisustva Yersinia enterocolitica bi trebalo da bude jedna od ţetiri biološke opasnosti, pored Salmonella spp., Toxoplasma spp. i Trichinella spp. koja še biti obavezan deo inspekcijskog pregleda trupova svinja. Zbog poboljšanja kvaliteta i duţe odrţivosti sirovog mesa vešina proizvoŤaţa koristi razliţita pakovanja. Vakuum pakovanja i pakovanja sa modifikovanom atmosferom (gde je odnos gasova taţno definisan) mogu uticati na kvalitet i bezbednost sirovog mesa.Cilj istraţivanja u okviru ove doktorske disertacije bio je utvrŤivanje uticaja razliţitih naţina pakovanja (vakuum i razliţite modifikovane atmosfere) sirovog svinjskog mesa na rast Yersinia enterocolitica i mikrobiološki status (ukupan broj bakterija, broj bakterija mleţne kiseline i broj bakterija iz familije Enterobacteriaceae), promena pH vrednosti, sadrţaja ukupnog isparljivog azota i promena senzornih osobina. Mleveno meso svinja je kontaminirano referentnim sojem Yersinia enterocolitica (ATCC 9610), zatim pakovano u vakuum i dve razliţite modifikovane atmosfere (20%O2, 50%CO2 i 30%N2-MAP 1 i 20%O2, 30%CO2 i 50%N2- MAP 2). Kao kontrola sluţilo je nekontaminirano mleveno meso svinja koje je pakovano na isti naţin kao i kontaminirano.Uzorci su skladišteni pri 4 °C i sukcesivno ispitivani (ispitivanje broja Yersinia enterocolitica, ukupnog broja bakterija, ukupnog broja bakterija iz familije Enterobacteriaceae, odreŤivanje bakterija mleţne kiseline, kao i merenje pH vrednosti, sadrţaja ukupnog isparljivog azota i senzorne analize)Porast broja bakterija Yersinia enterocolitica zabeleţen je u svim grupama eksperimentalno kontaminiranih uzoraka a zatim pakovanog svinjskog mesa u toku dvanaestodnevnog skladištenja, ali je bio veši u uzorcima pakovanih u vakuumu u odnosu na uzorke pakovane u modifikovanu atmosferu. Intenzivniji porast broja bakterija Yersinia enterocoliticakod eksperimentalno kontaminiranih uzoraka svinjskog mesa, bez obzira na naţin pakovanja, zapaţen je posle šestog dana skladištenja. Kod oglednih i kontrolni grupa uzoraka pakovanog svinjskog mesa takoŤe je intenzivniji porast broja enterobakterija zabeleţen posle šestog dana skladištenja a bakterija mleţne kiseline veš posle trešeg dana skladištenja. Promena ukupnog broja bakterija u toku skladištenja pakovanog sveţeg svinjskog mesa bila je najmanje izraţena. U oglednim uzorcima pakovanog svinjskog mesa ukupan broj bakterija bio je svih dana skladištenja veši od ukupnog broja bakterija u kontrolnim pakovanim uzorcima svinjskog mesa, što nije bilo izraţeno pri poreŤenju broja enterobakterija, odnosno broja bakterija mleţne kiseline u oglednim i kontrolnim pakovanim uzorcima svinjskog mesa. Sadrţaj ukupnog isparljivog azota u uzorcima pakovanog svinjskog mesa znaţajnije je rastao posle šestog dana skladištenja kada je u eksperimentalno kontaminiranim uzorcima zapaţen intenzivniji porast Yersinia enterocolitica, odnosno kada je u svim grupama uzoraka uoţen i intenzivniji porast enterobakterija. Sadrţaj ukupnog isparljivog azota bio je veši u uzorcima svinjskog mesa pakovanog u vakuumu u odnosu na uzorke koji su pakovani u modifikovanu atmosferu. Devetog dana skladištenja sadrţaj ukupnog isparljivog azota u svim grupama uzoraka, oglednih i kontrolnih, bio je iznad graniţne vrednosti za sveţe svinjsko meso.U toku skladištenja u svim grupama uzoraka pakovanog svinjskog mesa zapaţeno je smanjenje pH vrednost, a bilo je najizraţenije u uzorcima pakovanim u vakuum u odnosu na uzorke pakovane u modifikovanoj atmosferi.
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