The political and economic changes that followed the adoption of the Strategy for the Development of Education in Serbia 2020 essentially betrayed the basic ideas and intentions of the strategy, ...creating a systematic threat to education and its role in the development of Serbia. This created an almost experimental situation for analysing the impact of political and social factors on changes in education. In the sphere of politics, new trends have emerged (centralisation of power; marginalisation of democratic institutions; encouraging foreign investment in companies with a low technological level, etc.) that strongly influenced changes (‘reforms’) in education (great centralisation in education, the strong influence of politics on education, imposing of some lower-level forms of education, reducing professional autonomy, etc.). The basic mechanism of transferring the general policy to education is changing the role of the most important national institutions in defining and implementing education policy: the National Education Council, the National Council for Vocational and Adult Education, the National Council for Higher Education, and the National Accreditation Body. The adoption of new education laws (2017) radically changed their status and competencies, resulting in a reduction of their independence and professionalism and strengthening the role of the ministry, through which the influence of the ruling political regime is transferred. Also, the role of the Chamber of Commerce in education has been strengthened. Such a system endangers the autonomy of educational institutions and teachers, as well as the quality of education. Consequently, these changes have a clear impact on the country’s development and its international position. (DIPF/Orig.)
This paper aims to sketch a framework for comparing the efficiency of printed and digital textbooks. Considering the fact that digital textbooks are a relatively new phenomenon, they lack both ...practical experiences with their use, and research on their efficiency - which is why all results will only be of a preliminary nature. This is also why our paper will focus on an initial definition of not only the theoretical framework for analysing the nature of digital media, but also for analysing printed and digital textbooks. The broadest theoretical framework consists of Lev Vygotsky's theory on the character of culturally-psychological tools and their influence on the functional organisation of the brain and of Marshall McLuhan's theory of media, concerning the general fact of the medium (and not its content). The theoretical analysis shows that media (printed and digital) have significant impacts on the functional organisation of the brain, which is based on the brain's neuroplasticity. The analysis of digital media shows that they possess a set of specific features that, despite all the advantages they have, carry important risks for the organisation and functioning of the brain and for the process of learning. The production of digital textbooks also faces a significant number of challenges that the current production has not yet solved. Empirical research on the process of digital reading and understanding what has been read, indicate all the problems that still exist in digital textbook creation. (DIPF/Orig.)
We report the additive manufacturing of a heat-exchange device that can be used as a cooling accessory in a wire myograph. Wire myography is used for measuring vasomotor responses in small resistance ...arteries; however, the commercially available devices are not capable of active cooling. Here, we critically evaluated a transparent resin material, in terms of mechanical, structural, and thermal behavior. Tensile strength tests (67.66 ± 1.31 MPa), Charpy impact strength test (20.70 ± 2.30 kJ/m
), and Shore D hardness measurements (83.0 ± 0.47) underlined the mechanical stability of the material, supported by digital microscopy, which revealed a glass-like structure. Differential scanning calorimetry with thermogravimetry analysis and thermal conductivity measurements showed heat stability until ~250 °C and effective heat insulation. The 3D-printed heat exchanger was tested in thermophysiology experiments measuring the vasomotor responses of rat tail arteries at different temperatures (13, 16, and 36 °C). The heat-exchange device was successfully used as an accessory of the wire myograph system to cool down the experimental chambers and steadily maintain the targeted temperatures. We observed temperature-dependent differences in the vasoconstriction induced by phenylephrine and KCl. In conclusion, the transparent resin material can be used in additive manufacturing of heat-exchange devices for biomedical research, such as wire myography. Our animal experiments underline the importance of temperature-dependent physiological mechanisms, which should be further studied to understand the background of the thermal changes and their consequences.
The teaching methodology of geography is a relatively young scientific discipline within the scientific field of geography, that has only been experiencing its full scientific affirmation in the last ...few decades. In the early years, scholarly production focused on works that primarily dealt with geography education, but further development of the discipline showed a tendency to single out educational geography as a distinct scholarly entity and branch within the field. Given the aforementioned, there is a need to recapitulate scientific production and the most important findings of this geographical scientific discipline from the last fifty years. A review of scientific and scientific-expert papers on the teaching methodology of geography and educational geography indicates a thematic and methodological paradigm shift toward covering topics and objects of research significantly wider than those covered in the classroom and during geography lessons. The noticeable changes in the prevailing scientific interest in the curriculum and organization of teaching according to human resources research, the organization of education in certain areas and student achievement indicate a continuous and stable development.
With the adoption of the new curriculum for the subject of Geography for primary and grammar schools in the Republic of Croatia (OG 7/2019), the teaching content was modernized and different ...approaches to learning and teaching geography were provided. The application of research methods and the preparation of research papers should be emphasized. Although the teaching of geography in the school years 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 in year 3 and 4 was still carried out according to the old curriculum from 1993, the students of Antun Gustav Matoš Grammar School in Samobor achieved the outcomes of GEO SŠ B.3.1./B.4.1. from the new curriculum, whose implementation is expected in this educational cycle. Within the stated outcomes, a student conducts geographical research related to the educational content and presents the results of the research work. In order to continuously monitor the progress of students, but also the quality of geography teaching, the work of grammar school students produced during their attendance in year 3 and 4 was analysed. For this purpose, a research paper assessment matrix was designed. A total of 56 papers were subjected to analysis, of which also from the school year 2019/2020 (year 3) and school year 2020/2021 (year 4). Qualitative analysis of the content of student papers was conducted using the MAXQDA software package. Specific examples of outcomes that were achieved or not were singled out. The most common problems to be highlighted when considering the content of the outcomes are the correct citation and quoting of literature and sources, then the processing of the data and their presentation, and finally the methods of data collection. Indeed, in most cases, already published graphical and cartographic appendices were downloaded, and data collection usually involved searching the Internet and using the first search results.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The concept of equal opportunity for all students is deeply embedded in the Serbian constitution and in education laws. On that level, there is no doubt that everyone is ensured an opportunity to ...receive quality education. Many measures in education policy have been created specifically to achieve this objective and make the system fair and inclusive. The Coleman Report was linked to a wave of optimism that certain educational measures would help in achieving these noble goals. This aim is a high priority in education in a democratic country, and due to its importance needs to be re-examined. Thus, the present research examines the equity of students in the Serbian education system, detecting areas on all educational levels that could be (or already are) systemic sources of inequity (e.g., criteria for preschool institution enrolment, the system of student awards, rationalisation of the school network, the concept of entrance exams to secondary school or university, etc.). A number of measures have already been taken in the system specifically to deal with inequity (e.g., the Preschool Preparatory Programme, dropout measures, inclusion, scholarships, etc.). The effects of these measures in particular are analysed in the present work. In addition to an analysis of the systemic sources of inequity in the Serbian education system, the article also makes recommendations for their overcoming. (DIPF/Orig.).
AbstractWith the recent reform of the Geography curriculum in Croatia, the learning outcomes related to the research work have become one of the most important innovations. The first insight into the ...degree of achievement of these learning outcomes in the first years of their application has shown difficulties in data collection, processing, and analysis, as well as in proper citation and bibliography writing, while the overall degree of the learning outcomes achievement indicates that there is room for improvement. With the aim of gaining a more comprehensive insight into the student perceptions, students in Antun Gustav Matoš Grammar School in Samobor, whose work was analyzed in the study by Ivić et al. (2021), were interviewed. Although the results indicate relatively low levels of motivation and negative perceptions of the creation process, students’ perceptions of the research as a very useful teaching practice provide a solid foundation for its further application.Key words: geography teaching; research work; students’ motivation; students’ perception.---SažetakOdgojno-obrazovni ishodi koji pred učenike stavljaju izazov izrade istraživačkoga rada predstavljaju jednu od najvećih novina novoga predmetnog kurikula Geografije. Inicijalni uvid u razinu ostvarenosti tih ishoda nakon prvih godina njihove primjene pokazao je da postoji značajan prostor za daljnji napredak jer su detektirane poteškoće u prikupljanju, obradi i analizi podataka, kao i pravilnom citiranju i sastavljanju popisa literature. S ciljem dobivanja uvida u učeničku percepciju istraživačkoga rada, intervjuirani su učenici Gimnazije Antuna Gustava Matoša u Samoboru čiji su istraživački radovi analizirani u studiji Ivića i sur. (2021). Iako rezultati upućuju na relativno nisku razinu motivacije i pretežito negativnu percepciju procesa izrade istraživačkoga rada, učenička percepcija istraživanja kao vrlo korisne nastavne prakse daju dobru osnovu za njegovo usavršavanje i daljnju primjenu.Ključne riječi: istraživački rad; nastava geografije; učenička motivacija; učenička percepcija.
Metodika geografije razmjerno je mlada znanstvena disciplina unutar znanstvenoga polja geografije koja tek u posljednjih nekoliko desetljeća doživljava svoju punu znanstvenu afirmaciju. U prvim ...desetljećima znanstvena produkcija bila je usmjerena na radove koji primarno problematiziraju nastavu geografije, ali daljnji razvoj discipline upućuje na tendencije izdvajanja edukacijske geografije kao zasebna znanstvenoga sklopa i grane unutar navedenoga polja. S obzirom na navedeno stvara se potreba rekapitulacije znanstvene produkcije i najvažnijih spoznaja ove geografske znanstvene discipline u posljednjih pedeset godina. Pregled znanstvenih i znanstveno-stručnih radova metodike geografije i edukacijske geografije upućuje na svojevrsnu tematsku i metodološku promjenu paradigme koja počinje zahvaćati teme i objekte istraživanja znatno šire od učionice i nastave geografije. Primjetna promjena prevladavajućega znanstvenog interesa s pitanja kurikuluma i organizacije nastave prema istraživanjima ljudskih potencijala, organizacije obrazovne funkcije u prostoru te postignuća učenika upućuje na kontinuiran i stabilan razvoj.
The political and economic changes that followed the adoption of the Strategy for the Development of Education in Serbia 2020 essentially betrayed the basic ideas and intentions of the strategy, ...creating a systematic threat to education and its role in the development of Serbia. This created an almost experimental situation for analysing the impact of political and social factors on changes in education. In the sphere of politics, new trends have emerged (centralisation of power; marginalisation of democratic institutions; encouraging foreign investment in companies with a low technological level, etc.) that strongly influenced changes ('reforms') in education (great centralisation in education, the strong influence of politics on education, imposing of some lower-level forms of education, reducing professional autonomy, etc.). The basic mechanism of transferring the general policy to education is changing the role of the most important national institutions in defining and implementing education policy: the National Education Council, the National Council for Vocational and Adult Education, the National Council for Higher Education, and the National Accreditation Body. The adoption of new education laws (2017) radically changed their status and competencies, resulting in a reduction of their independence and professionalism and strengthening the role of the ministry, through which the influence of the ruling political regime is transferred. Also, the role of the Chamber of Commerce in education has been strengthened. Such a system endangers the autonomy of educational institutions and teachers, as well as the quality of education. Consequently, these changes have a clear impact on the country's development and its international position.
In the present paper, education reform in the Republic of Serbia since 2000 is presented. The focus is on two major reform waves: 2000-2003 and 2004-2005. We analyse why these broad educational ...interventions failed. After 2005, there was a lull in the reform process, a period with no major changes (2005-2010). A new phase of improving education policy in Serbia commenced with the adoption of Trends in the Development and Upgrading of the Quality of Education and Upbringing 2010-2020 (2010) and the conception and proposal of the Strategy of Education Development in Serbia to 2020 (2012). The basic innovations in approach and conception in the new "epoch" is outlined. (DIPF/Orig.).
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