Reference database for photon strength functions Goriely, S.; Dimitriou, P.; Wiedeking, M. ...
European physical journal. A, Hadrons and nuclei,
10/2019, Letnik:
55, Številka:
10
Journal Article
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.
Photon strength functions describing the average response of the nucleus to an electromagnetic probe are key input information in the theoretical modelling of nuclear reactions. Consequently they ...are important for a wide range of fields such as nuclear structure, nuclear astrophysics, medical isotope production, fission and fusion reactor technologies. They are also sources of information for widely used reaction libraries such as the IAEA Reference Input Parameter Library and evaluated data files such as EGAF. In the past two decades, the amount of reaction gamma-ray data measured to determine photon strength functions has grown rapidly. Different experimental techniques have led to discrepant results and users are faced with the dilemma of which (if any) of the divergent data to adopt. We report on a coordinated effort to compile and assess the existing experimental data on photon strength functions from the giant dipole resonance region to energies below the neutron separation energy. The assessment of the discrepant data at energies around or below the neutron separation energy has been possible only in a few cases where adequate information on the model-dependent analysis and estimation of uncertainties was available. In the giant dipole resonance region, we adopt the recommendations of the new IAEA photonuclear data library. We also present global empirical and semi-microscopic models that describe the photon strength functions in the entire energy region and reproduce reasonably well most of the experimental data. The compiled experimental photon strengths and recommended model calculations are available from the PSF database hosted at the IAEA (
http://www-nds.iaea.org/PSFdatabase
).
Aims
To examine the efficacy and safety of once‐weekly dulaglutide monotherapy (0.75 mg) compared with placebo and once‐daily liraglutide (0.9 mg) in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods
...This was a phase III, 52‐week (26‐week primary endpoint), randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, open‐label comparator (liraglutide) trial comparing 492 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (dulaglutide, n = 281; liraglutide, n = 141; and placebo, n = 70) who were aged ≥20 years. Patients and investigators were blinded to treatment assignment for dulaglutide and placebo but not for liraglutide. The primary objective evaluated the superiority of dulaglutide versus placebo on change from baseline in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) at 26 weeks. Analyses were performed on the full analysis set.
Results
At 26 weeks, once‐weekly dulaglutide was superior to placebo and non‐inferior to once‐daily liraglutide for HbA1c change from baseline least squares mean difference: dulaglutide vs placebo −1.57% (95% confidence interval −1.79 to −1.35); dulaglutide vs liraglutide −0.10% (95% confidence interval −0.27 to 0.07). The most frequently reported adverse events were nasopharyngitis, constipation, diarrhoea, nausea, abdominal distension and decreased appetite; only decreased appetite was different between the dulaglutide and liraglutide groups dulaglutide, n = 2 (0.7%); liraglutide, n = 8 (5.8%); p = 0.003. Nine (1.8%) patients experienced hypoglycaemia dulaglutide, n = 6 (2.1%); liraglutide, n = 2 (1.5%); placebo, n = 1 (1.4%), with no event being severe.
Conclusions
In Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes, once‐weekly dulaglutide (0.75 mg) was superior to placebo and non‐inferior to once‐daily liraglutide (0.9 mg) for reduction in HbA1c at 26 weeks. Dulaglutide was safe and well tolerated.
Spin defects in silicon carbide are promising candidates for quantum sensing applications as they exhibit long coherence times even at room temperature. However, spin readout methods that rely on ...fluorescence detection can be challenging due to poor photon collection efficiency. Here, we demonstrate coherent spin control and all-electrical readout of a small ensemble of spins in a SiC junction diode using pulsed electrically detected magnetic resonance. A lock-in detection scheme based on a three stage modulation cycle is implemented, significantly enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio. This technique enabled observation of coherent spin dynamics, specifically Rabi spin nutation, spin dephasing, and spin decoherence. The use of these protocols for magnetometry applications is evaluated.
Aims To examine the efficacy and safety of once-weekly dulaglutide 0.75mg monotherapy compared with once-daily liraglutide 0.9mg in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) for 52weeks. Methods ...We conducted a phase III, randomized, 52-week (26-week primary endpoint), active- and placebo-controlled trial comparing 492 Japanese patients (dulaglutide, n=281; liraglutide, n=141; and placebo, n=70). Participants and investigators were blinded to treatment assignment for dulaglutide and placebo but not for liraglutide (open-label comparator); after 26weeks, patients randomized to placebo were switched to once-weekly dulaglutide 0.75mg (open-label). The present paper reports results for patients treated with dulaglutide and patients treated with liraglutide for 52 weeks. Results At week 52, dulaglutide decreased HbA1c significantly from baseline compared with liraglutide least squares mean difference: -0.20; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.39, -0.01; p=0.04. At week 52 (last observation carried forward), dulaglutide significantly decreased pre- and post-dinner blood glucose (BG) levels, the mean of seven-point self-monitored BG profiles, the mean of all postprandial BG levels and circadian variation compared with liraglutide. Body weight was generally stable in both groups through 52weeks. The most frequently reported adverse events were nasopharyngitis, constipation, nausea and diarrhoea. Eight dulaglutide-treated (2.9%) and four liraglutide-treated (2.9%) patients reported hypoglycaemia, with no event being severe. Conclusions Monotherapy with once-weekly dulaglutide 0.75mg was effective and safe in Japanese patients with T2D, with better glycaemic control compared with once-daily liraglutide 0.9mg.
Aims
To examine the efficacy and safety of once‐weekly dulaglutide 0.75 mg monotherapy compared with once‐daily liraglutide 0.9 mg in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) for 52 weeks.
...Methods
We conducted a phase III, randomized, 52‐week (26‐week primary endpoint), active‐ and placebo‐controlled trial comparing 492 Japanese patients (dulaglutide, n = 281; liraglutide, n = 141; and placebo, n = 70). Participants and investigators were blinded to treatment assignment for dulaglutide and placebo but not for liraglutide (open‐label comparator); after 26 weeks, patients randomized to placebo were switched to once‐weekly dulaglutide 0.75 mg (open‐label). The present paper reports results for patients treated with dulaglutide and patients treated with liraglutide for 52 weeks.
Results
At week 52, dulaglutide decreased HbA1c significantly from baseline compared with liraglutide least squares mean difference: −0.20; 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.39, −0.01; p = 0.04. At week 52 (last observation carried forward), dulaglutide significantly decreased pre‐ and post‐dinner blood glucose (BG) levels, the mean of seven‐point self‐monitored BG profiles, the mean of all postprandial BG levels and circadian variation compared with liraglutide. Body weight was generally stable in both groups through 52 weeks. The most frequently reported adverse events were nasopharyngitis, constipation, nausea and diarrhoea. Eight dulaglutide‐treated (2.9%) and four liraglutide‐treated (2.9%) patients reported hypoglycaemia, with no event being severe.
Conclusions
Monotherapy with once‐weekly dulaglutide 0.75 mg was effective and safe in Japanese patients with T2D, with better glycaemic control compared with once‐daily liraglutide 0.9 mg.
Background
Polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM) is an autoimmune disease that is sometimes complicated with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RPILD). However, serum and lung biomarkers ...that can predict RPILD development remain unclear.
Objectives
To determine potential serum and lung biomarkers that can predict RPILD development in patients with PM/DM‐ILD.
Methods
In total, 49 patients with PM/DM‐ILD were enrolled. We measured the serum levels of 41 cytokines/chemokines, ferritin and anti‐MDA5 antibody, compared them between the RPILD (n = 23) and non‐RPILD (n = 26) groups, and ranked them by their importance through random forest analysis. To distinguish the two groups, we determined biomarker combinations by logistic regression analysis. We also measured the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels of 41 cytokines/chemokines. Using immunohistochemistry, we examined IL‐15 expression in lung tissues. The IL‐15 production was also investigated using A549 and BEAS‐2B cells.
Results
The RPILD group had significantly higher IL‐15, IL‐1RA, IL‐6, CXCL10, VCAM‐1, anti‐MDA5 antibody and ferritin serum levels than the non‐RPILD group, but it had a significantly low CCL22 level. Meanwhile, anti‐MDA5 antibody, IL‐15, CXCL8, CCL22, IL‐1RA and ferritin were the best combination to distinguish the two groups. IL‐15 and CCL22 were also predictive marker for RPILD development in anti‐MDA5 antibody‐positive patients. Additionally, the RPILD group had significantly high IL‐15 levels in BALF. The lung tissues expressed IL‐15, which increased after cytokine stimulation in the A549 cells.
Conclusion
This study identified a combination of biomarkers predicting PM/DM‐RPILD progression, and IL‐15 is an important cytokine for predicting RPILD development and reflecting ILD severity.
This study investigated the effectiveness of treatment with Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) assessed by ultrasonography (US) activity, and the influence of patient ...characteristics and previous treatments.
This prospective study assessed 60 treatment initiations among 53 Japanese patients diagnosed with RA who underwent treatment with JAK inhibitors during June 2013 to February 2020. Of the 53 patients, seven patients were enrolled in duplicate because they were treated with two different JAK inhibitors at different periods. For each case, the improvement rate on the power Doppler (PD) score was assessed at 6 month follow-up. Median improvement rate of PD score was used to classify cases as either US responders or non-responders, and patient characteristics were compared between the two groups.
All indicators of clinical disease activity and US activity showed a significant improvement at 3 months compared with baseline. Although the JAK inhibitor-cycler group and the interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibitor inadequate response (IR) group tended to show a later improvement for US activity, all indicators of clinical disease activity and US activity showed a significant improvement at 6 months compared with baseline for both groups. Multivariate analysis showed that concomitant methotrexate use and an IR to the previous biologic or targeted-synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (b/tsDMARD) treatment were independently and significantly associated with US responders.
Use of a JAK inhibitor in combination with methotrexate and an absence of IR to any previous b/tsDMARDs demonstrated superior effectiveness for patients with RA.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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