: The present study was designed to investigate SNP rs17300539 in the
gene and its relationships with obesity, metabolic syndrome (MS), and serum circulating adiponectin.
: The present design ...involved a Caucasian population of 329 subjects with obesity. Anthropometric and adiposity parameters, blood pressure, biochemical parameters, and the percentage of patients with metabolic syndrome were recorded. The
gene variant (rs17300539) genotype was evaluated.
: The percentage of patients with different genotypes of the rs17300539 polymorphism in this sample was 86.0% (n = 283) (GG), 11.2% (n = 37) (GA), and 2.7% (n = 9) (AA). The allele frequency was G (0.76) and A (0.24). Applying the dominant genetic model (GG vs. GA
AA), we reported differences between genotype GG and genotype GA
AA for serum adiponectin levels (Delta: 7.5 ± 1.4 ng/mL;
= 0.03), triglycerides (Delta: 41.1 ± 3.4 mg/dL;
= 0.01), fastingcirculating insulin (Delta: 4.9 ± 1.1 mUI/L;
= 0.02), and insulin resistance as HOMA-IR (Delta: 1.4 ± 0.1 units;
= 0.02). The remaining biochemical parameters were not related to the genotype of obese patients. The percentages of individuals with MS (OR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.3-3.88;
= 0.01), hypertriglyceridaemia (OR = 2.66, 95% CI = 1.43-5.01;
= 0.01), and hyperglycaemia (OR = 3.31, 95% CI = 1.26-8.69;
= 0.02) were higher in GG subjects than patients with A allele. Logistic regression analysis reported an important risk of the presence of metabolic syndrome in GG subjects (OR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.21-4.11;
= 0.02) after adjusting for adiponectin, dietary energy intakes, gender, weight, and age.
: The GG genotype of rs17300539 is associated with hypertriglyceridaemia, insulin resistance, low adiponectin levels, and a high risk of metabolic syndrome and its components.
In cross-sectional studies, the genetic variant rs662799 of the APOA5 gene is associated with high serum triglyceride concentrations, and in some studies, the effect of short-term dietary ...interventions has been evaluated. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the role of this genetic variant in metabolic changes after the consumption of a low-calorie diet with a Mediterranean pattern for 9 months. A population of 269 Caucasian obese patients was recruited. Adiposity and biochemical parameters were measured at the beginning (basal level) and after 3 and 9 months of the dietary intervention. The rs662799 genotype was assessed with a dominant analysis (TT vs. CT + CC). The APOA5 variant distribution was: 88.1% (n = 237) (TT), 11.5% (n = 31) (TC) and 0.4% (n = 1) (CC). There were significant differences only in triglyceride levels at all times of the study between the genotype groups. After 3 and 9 months of dietary intervention, the following parameters improved in both genotype groups: adiposity parameters, systolic pressure, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, leptin, adiponectin and the leptin/adiponectin ratio. The intervention significantly decreased insulin levels, HOMA-IR and triglyceride levels in non-C allele carriers (Delta 9 months TT vs. TC + CC). i.e., insulin levels (delta: −3.8 + 0.3 UI/L vs. −1.2 + 0.2 UI/L; p = 0.02), HOMA-IR levels (delta: −1.2 + 0.2 units vs. −0.3 + 0.1 units; p = 0.02), triglyceride levels (delta: −19.3 + 4.2 mg/dL vs. −4.2 + 3.0 mg/dL; p = 0.02). In conclusion, non-C allele carriers of rs662799 of the APOA5 gene showed a decrease of triglyceride, insulin and HOMA-IR levels after consuming a low-calorie diet with a Mediterranean pattern; we did not observe this effect in C allele carriers, despite a significant weight loss.
Purpose
The COVID-19 pandemic could exacerbate the risk factors for weight gain in patients with previous bariatric surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors related to weight gain ...during lockdown in patients with a sleeve gastrectomy.
Materials and Methods
A group of 48 obese subjects with previous bariatric surgery was enrolled. After a 7-week confinement, a telephone interview was conducted. In this phone call, self-reported body weight gain and different factors were recorded. In order to obtain the basal and pre-surgical data, biochemical and anthropometric parameters were recorded from electronic medical record.
Results
The mean age was 45.3±8.0 years (range: 23–61) and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 32.5±7.5 kg/m
2
(range: 28.6–34.2). Gender distribution was 38 females (79.2%) and 10 males (20.8%). The increase in self-reported body weight was 3.8±2.1 kg during the 7 weeks of confinement. And the self-reported body weight gain was lower in subjects with regular exercise (4.6±0.9 vs 1.1±0.3 kg;
p
=0.02). The number of face-to-face visits to the nutrition office that did not attend was 0.61±0.81 (range: 0–4) per patient. In the multiple regression analysis with self-reported body weight gain as a dependent variable, the physical activity (minutes/week) remained as a protective factor with a beta coefficient of −0.09 (95% CI: −0.001 to 0.016;
p
=0.03) and number of face-to-face appointments in the nutrition consultation missed as a risk factor with a beta coefficient of 9.65 (95% CI: 1.17–18.12;
p
=0.03).
Conclusions
The increase in self-reported body weight is associated with a decrease in physical activity and the loss of face-to-face visits to the Nutrition Unit.
Dietary changes play a role in metabolic response of patients with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, and there is little evidence on the use of partial meal replacement (pMR) diets in this ...pathology.
We decided to evaluate the modifications in transaminases levels after a pMR hypocaloric diet in subjects with obesity and elevated fatty liver index (FLI).
A sample of 606 patients with obesity and FLI ≥ 60 were enrolled and treated during 3 months with a pMR diet. Patients were divided as group I (Alanine amino transferase (ALT) normal) or group II (ALT ≥ 43 UI/L).
Body mass index, body weight, total fat mass, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, Homeostasis Model assessment (HOMA-IR), and FLI index improved significantly in the total group with pMR diet, without differences between group I and II. ALT, aspartate aminotransferase activity (AST), Gama glutamine transferase (GGT), and ratios of AST/ALT improved in both groups, too. This improvement was higher in group II (deltas group I vs. deltas group II); ALT (-4.2 ± 0.9 UI/L vs. -32.1 ± 5.7 UI/L:
= 0.01), AST (-4.8 ± 1.8 UI/L vs. -14.1 ± 1.9 UI/L:
= 0.02), GGT (-4.8 ± 1.4 UI/L vs. -37.1 ± 4.2 UI/L:
= 0.01), and AST/ALT ratio (-0.04 ± 0.002 units vs. -0.19 ± 0.04 units:
= 0.01).
We reported that a pMR diet is an effective method to lose weight and to improve metabolic parameters in patients with obesity and high FLI. The decrease in liver parameters was greater in patients with ALT ≥ 43 UI/L.
Background and aims
The prevalence of the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in developed countries is up to 30% of the general population, and 50% of patients present type 2 diabetes mellitus ...(DM2). Fibrosis is the most important prognostic factor in NAFLD. The aim of this study was to search evidence for an early diagnosis of liver fibrosis in subjects with DM2 and to evaluate potential risk and protective factors.
Methods
This study was conducted among 160 diabetic patients with NAFLD proven biopsy. Anthropometric assessments, laboratory test, liver histological features and follow-up of a Mediterranean diet were evaluated.
Results
Diabetic patients with liver fibrosis showed a greater number of positive metabolic criteria than diabetic patients without liver fibrosis. Patients with hepatic fibrosis have a lower score on the PREDIMED test (9.0 (2.4) vs. 6.2 (2.3);
p
< 0.05). Diabetic patients with liver fibrosis showed higher glucose levels (delta: 10.1 (4.5) mg/dl), fasting insulin levels (delta: 3.1 (1.5) UI/L), HOMA-IR (delta: 2.1 (0.3) units) and HbA1c (delta: 0.6 (0.2)%). Non-invasive tests showed a higher score (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score and fibrosis-4) in liver fibrosis subjects than no liver fibrosis subjects. A logistic regression analysis adjusted by age, gender, HbA1c and body mass index showed independent significant direct association between liver fibrosis and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance as indicator of insulin resistance (odds ratio (OR) = 1.53: 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1–2.2;
p
= 0.026) and inverse association with PREDIMED score as an indicator of adherence to Mediterranean diet (OR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4–0.8;
p
= 0.01).
Conclusion
In patients with DM2, insulin resistance is an independent risk factor associated with liver fibrosis, and the adherence of a Mediterranean diet is a protective factor associated with absence of liver fibrosis.
Objective: the aim of the current work was to evaluate the response time to a method of weight loss that includes dietary guidelines, physical exercise and emotional support. The response was defined ...as a loss of 10% of the baseline weight. Methods: data was obtained from the patients' record recruited in Promet Lipoinflamación, an observational study of real world data in obese or overweight patients treated with a multidisciplinary method and based initially on a very-low-calorie ketogenic (VLCK) diet. Weight loss rate was evaluated through a survival analysis Kaplan-Meier and related factors through Cox regression). Results: 6,369 subjects were included and 74.4% managed to reach a weight loss of 10% in a mean time of 57.64 days (IC 95%: 56.95-58.33). The factors associated with a greater probability of reaching a loss of 10% or more were male gender (RR: 1.37, p < 0.001), obesity types I, II and III vs. overweight (RR: 1.24, p < 0.001, 1.26, p < 0.001 and 1.22, p < 0.001, respectively) and young age vs. more than 55 years old (RR: 2.17, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Results obtained through real clinical practice show that the method produces fast and intense weight loss. Three out of four patients lost at least 10% of body weight in an average of 58 days.
•ONS contributes to increase energy, protein and nutrients in cancer patients.•Enhanced ONS increases the intake in cancer patients in worse clinical conditions.•Enhanced ONS for cancer had a high ...adherence, good tolerance, and acceptance.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of an enhanced ONS (enriched in EPA, DHA, leucine, and beta-glucans) on the dietary intake of cancer patients.
A randomized, double-blind, parallel, controlled, and multicenter clinical trial was conducted in patients with cancer and malnutrition. The trial compared prescribed dietary advice and two packs per day, for 8 weeks, of a hypercaloric (400 kcal/pack) and hyperproteic ONS (20 g/pack) with fiber and specific ingredients (leucine, EPA and DHA, and beta-glucans) (enhanced-ONS) versus an isocaloric and isoproteic formula (standard-ONS) without specific ingredients. Food intake was assessed with a 3-day dietary survey, and adherence to the supplement with a patient self-completed diary.
Thirty-seven patients completed the intervention period. The combined intervention of dietary advice and ONS managed to increase the energy intake of the overall cohort by 792.55 (378.57) kcal/day, protein by 40.72 (19.56) g/day. Increases in energy and nutrient intakes were observed in both groups, both in dietary intake and associated exclusively with the supplement. The group that received the enhanced-ONS ingested a greater volume of product when there was a greater severity of malnutrition; a tumor location in the head, neck, upper digestive area, liver, or pancreas; more advanced stages of the tumor; or the receipt of more than one antineoplastic treatment.
The use of an enhanced-ONS helps meet the nutritional requirements of cancer patients, especially those who have a more compromised clinical condition, with high adherence, good tolerance, and acceptance.
A high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies in obese subjects has been reported. Bariatric surgery is the most effective long-term treatment of morbid obesity, but this treatment can result in ...secondary micronutrient deficiencies. The aim of our work was to describe the micronutrient status in obese women before surgery at a university hospital.
We analyzed a consecutive series of 115 women who were referred to our unit for evaluation for bariatric surgery. Their weight, height, body mass index, and waist circumference were measured. The basal hemoglobin, albumin, prealbumin, ferritin, copper, zinc, calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, and vitamin (A, D, E, K, B12, and folic) blood levels were also determined.
Deficiencies were found in 6.1% of the subjects for albumin, 21.7% for prealbumin, 2.6% for hemoglobin, and 5.2% for ferritin. In the vitamin analysis, no deficiencies were found in the patients for vitamins A, E, or K, but 71.3% had a moderate deficiency of vitamin D and 26.1% a severe deficiency of vitamin D (<15 ng/mL). In concorndance with the high prevalence of 25-OH vitamin D deficiency, 22.6% of the patients had secondary hyperparathyroidism with intact parathyroid hormone levels >72 pg/mL. Deficiencies were found in 9.5% for vitamin B12, 25.2% for folic acid, 67.8% for copper, and 73.9% for zinc.
Our study has demonstrated a high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies in morbidly obese women seeking obesity surgery.
(1) Background: The aim was to validate an AI-based system compared to the classic method of reading ultrasound images of the rectus femur (RF) muscle in a real cohort of patients with ...disease-related malnutrition. (2) Methods: One hundred adult patients with DRM aged 18 to 85 years were enrolled. The risk of DRM was assessed by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM). The variation, reproducibility, and reliability of measurements for the RF subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT), muscle thickness (MT), and cross-sectional area (CSA), were measured conventionally with the incorporated tools of a portable ultrasound imaging device (method A) and compared with the automated quantification of the ultrasound imaging system (method B). (3) Results: Measurements obtained using method A (i.e., conventionally) and method B (i.e., raw images analyzed by AI), showed similar values with no significant differences in absolute values and coefficients of variation, 58.39–57.68% for SFT, 30.50–28.36% for MT, and 36.50–36.91% for CSA, respectively. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for reliability and consistency analysis between methods A and B showed correlations of 0.912 and 95% CI 0.872–0.940 for SFT, 0.960 and 95% CI 0.941–0.973 for MT, and 0.995 and 95% CI 0.993–0.997 for CSA; the Bland–Altman Analysis shows that the spread of points is quite uniform around the bias lines with no evidence of strong bias for any variable. (4) Conclusions: The study demonstrated the consistency and reliability of this new automatic system based on machine learning and AI for the quantification of ultrasound imaging of the muscle architecture parameters of the rectus femoris muscle compared with the conventional method of measurement.
Some studies have reported links between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the presence of obesity and some genetic variants. The aim of our design was to evaluate the effects of rs2282679 genetic ...variant of CG gene on 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, weight loss and metabolic parameters after a robotic sleeve gastrectomy in premenopausal females with obesity.
76 participants were enrolled. 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, biochemical evaluation and anthropometric parameters were registered before surgery and after 3, 6 and 12 months follow up. Genotype of rs2282679 CG gene was evaluated.
The improvements in anthropometric parameters, blood pressure and lipid profile were similar in both genotypes (TT vs TG + GG). Basal insulin levels and HOMA-IR were greater in G allele carriers than non-carriers (Delta: 6.7 ± 1.2 mUI/L; p = 0.01) and (Delta: 1.3 ± 0.1 units; p = 0.02). 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were lower in G allele carriers than non-carriers (Delta: 8.1 ± 1.1 ng/dl; p = 0.03). The levels of insulin and HOMA-IR remained greater in G allele carriers than non-carriers throughout all the visits. The levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D remained lower in G allele carriers than non-G allele. The average level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D at 12 months in non-G allele carriers were above 30 ng/dl (36.0 ± 3.1 ng/dl) and the level in G allele carriers were below (24.9 ± 4.9 ng/dl).
rs 2282679 (GC) was related with low 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels and insulin resistance. In addition, the presence of G allele produced a decrease in the improvement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and insulin resistance after weight loss during 12 months.
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