A method has been developed for the obtaining of new oligo(dimethyl)silanes comprising 1,7-bis(methyl)-
m
-carboranyl units and bearing the terminal chlorosilyl or methoxysilyl groups. Reactions of ...such oligomers with an excess of benzylmagnesium chloride or 1-chloromagnesiummethyl-
m
-carborane lead to oligo-
m
-carboranylenemethylenesilanes containing the terminal benzylsilyl or
m
-carboranylmethylenesilyl groups. The novel oligomers are highly viscous liquids possessing a high heat resistance and also a resistance towards the treatment with a strong alkaline reagent.
It has been established, that the introduction of ionic groups into the structure of oligosiloxanes promotes the formation of hydrophilic coatings under microwave irradiation. The hydrophilicity of ...the coatings increases with an increase in the irradiation power.
An efficient method for the synthesis of 1-chloro(dimethyl)silylmethyl-o-carborane, 1-dichloro(methyl)silylmethyl-
o
-carborane, 1-trichlorosilylmethyl-
o
-carborane, and 1-trichlorosilylmethyl- ...2-methyl-
o
-carborane using 1-bromomagnesiummethyl-
o
-carborane, 1-bromomagnesiummethyl-2-methyl-
o
-carborane, and organochlorosilanes was developed.
Monosubstituted
B
-chloro(organo)silylmethyl-
o
-carboranes have been synthesized for the first time by the reaction of
o
-carborane with chloromethyl(organo)chlorosilanes in the presence of ...catalytic amount of aluminum chloride. The reaction proceeds at temperature of 200–250°C under a pressure of 22–25 atm. A decrease in the number of chlorine atoms in the molecule of chloromethyl(organo)chlorosilane decreases the yield of the target product.
New highly thermally stable carboranylmethyl-containing diorganosiloxane polymers were obtained by polycondensation of equimolar amounts of 1.7-bishydroxy(dimethyl)silylmethylene-
m
-carborane and ...bis(dimethylamino)diorganosilanes. It was shown that replacement of 24 to 33 mol % of dimethylsiloxane units in the polymer backbone by methyl(phenyl)siloxane or diphenylsiloxane units containing bulky phenyl groups results in the formation of only amorphous polymers. The polymers are readily soluble in organic solvents and have high thermal stability.
The method for obtaining phosphorus‐nitrogen containing coatings on a glass surface was developed. It was shown that such coatings exhibit hydrophilic properties compared to the original surface. The ...structure of the obtained coatings was studied by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and IR‐spectroscopy.
Objectives.
Biologically active polymeric surfactants are a new promising class of macromolecules that can find application in medicine, cosmetology, and agriculture. In this study, a number of new ...biologically active amphiphilic polymers based on branched silatrane-containing polyesters and polyethers were obtained, and their surface-active properties were investigated.
Methods.
The branched polymers were represented by polyethers and polyesters, obtained respectively via the anionic polymerization of 1,2-epoxypropanol or a combination of equilibrium polycondensation and ring opening polymerization. The polymers were modified with 3-isocyanopropylsilatrane and trimethylethoxysilane to obtain the amphiphilic compounds containing silatrane groups bonded to the polymer backbone by the urethane bond. The structure of the synthesized polymer silatranes was confirmed via nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. The surface active properties of all the copolymers obtained were investigated in connection with their obvious amphiphilicity. In particular, the formation of micelles in aqueous solutions is such a property. The critical micelle concentrations were determined by a method of quenching the fluorescence of the polymers.
Results.
It was shown that the values of the critical micelle concentrations and the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance values of polymers determined by the Griffin equation correlate well with each other. A linear relationship between the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance and the critical micelle concentrations was established. At the same time, polyether-based polymers generally showed higher critical micelle concentrations than polyester-based polymers, although the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance values for polymers of different series, but with close degrees of substitution, were close. It was found that the use of all synthesized polymers as stabilizers of direct and reverse emulsions leads to an increase in the aggregative stability of both types of emulsions. The stability of emulsions depended both on the degree of substitution of peripheral hydroxyl groups of polymers by silatranes and on the molecular weight and structure of the branched block of polymers. The stability of direct emulsions increased for all polymers, while that of inverse emulsions decreased with an increasing degree of substitution of hydroxyl groups by silatranes. The increase of the branched block molecular weight led to an increase of droplet sizes for both direct and inverse emulsions. The smallest droplet size for direct and inverse emulsions was obtained using polymers with low molecular weight branched polyester blocks as surfactants.
Conclusions.
The results obtained prove the possibility of creating polymer surfactants containing silatrane groups. By varying the structure of the polymer, its molecular weight and the degree of substitution of peripheral functional groups, it is possible to obtain surfactants with desired surface properties.
The widespread introduction of intravitreal drug injections into clinical practice has highlighted a number of issues to be solved, including the risk of serious complications, the treatment burden ...on patients and the patient’s insufficient adherence to treatment, as well as a significant effect on the healthcare cost and effort. One of the ways to resolve the issues is to increase the patients’ awareness concerning the therapy they are about to receive, which contributes to the patients’ understanding of the details of treatment and enables them to make correct decisions. The best option of presenting such information to the patient is to provide them with a written document. The Expert Council on Retinal and Optic Nerve Diseases of the All-Russian Association of Ophthalmologists has developed, approved and tested an information brochure for patients who receive intravitreal injections. It offers brief information on what the procedure is, contraindications, details of preparation, and symptoms, both common ones and those requiring emergency assistance. The paper outlines the results of the study and presents a layout of an information leaflet for patients recommended for use in the Russian Federation.
Intravitreal drug administration is a procedure that has become widespread in modern ophthalmology. However, there is no global consensus on certain aspects of this manipulation, and practitioners ...feel the need for guidelines. In the Russian Federation, until now, such a document was not available. The expert council on diseases of the retina and optic nerve of All-Russian public organization «Association of Ophthalmologists», with participation of invited specialists, has studied and analyzed the existing foreign guidelines for performing intravitreal injections, as well as the regulatory framework in Russia. As a result, this Protocol was developed and approved for use in the healthcare system of the Russian Federation. The document regulates the requirements for specialists and organizations, the conditions for performing the procedure and the necessary material resources and presents an algorithm for performing intravitreal drug administration, a patient examination check-list for various conditions of the procedure, as well as parameters for evaluating and monitoring the quality of the procedure.
New 1,7-bis(trialkoxysilylpropyl)-
m
-carboranedicarboxamides were synthesized by the reaction of 3-aminopropyltrialkoxysilanes with either
m
-carboranedicarboxylic acid chloride in the presence of ...Et
3
N or
m
-carboranedicarboxylic acid in the presence of
N
,
N
´-carbonyl-diimidazole. The synthesized compounds are colorless liquids soluble in benzene, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, and chloroform and insoluble in water. Structures of the synthesized compounds were established by IR and NMR spectroscopy and confirmed by elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds are interesting starting materials for produc-tion of heat-resistant silicon carborane polymers and metal-carborane-silicon polymers.
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