The results of a measurement of the proton structure function
F
2(
x,
Q
2) and the virtual photon-proton cross section are reported for momentum transfers squared
Q
2 between 0.35 GeV
2 and 3.5 GeV
2 ...and for Bjorken-
x values down to 6 × 10
−6 using data collected by the HERA experiment H1 in 1995. The data represent an increase in kinematic reach to lower
x and
Q
2 values of about a factor of 5 compared to previous H1 measurements. Including measurements from fixed target experiments the rise of
F
2 with decreasing
x is found to be less steep for the lowest
Q
2 values measured. Phenomenological models at low
Q
2 are compared with the data.
Since 7/92 236 patients (pts) have been randomized to receive FU 2.6
g/m
2 i.v. as 24 h infusion combined with LV 500
mg/m2 as a 2
h infusion (A), or IFN 3 Mio U s.c. 3 x/week (B) or LV plus IFN (C), ...repeated weekly x 6 with 2 weeks rest. A sequential analysis (J.Whitehead, 1993) for objective response was planned with
α
=
0.05/3,
β
=
0.2 to detect a difference of
α
=
0.25 or equivalence. After evaluation of the first 93 pts, randomization to arm C was stopped because of statistically equal response rates (RR) to arm A (A 39%, C 38%) but increased toxicity of C (no toxic death in A and B, 10% in C) (Ann Oncol: 4, 1995). Currently 195 consecutive pts are evaluable.
NPat
Tax. 3/4°
RR
Resp.duration
TTP
FU
24h
/LV
73
25%
39%
11.6mo
6.8mo
FU
24h
/IFN
75
11%
22%
8.6mo
3.8mo
FU
24h
/LViIFN
47
23%
27%
9.3mo
6.3mo
p-value
n.s.
<. 05
n.s
<. 0003
Diarrhea and mucositis were major toxicities (CTC). Median survival for all pts is currently 14.5 mo.
Infusional FU/LV is superior to FU/IFN. IFN added to FU/LV does not improve the activity of FU/LV.
The transition between photoproduction and deep-inelastic scattering is investigated in jet production at the HERA
ep collider, using data collected by the H1 experiment. Measurements of the ...differential inclusive jet cross-sections
dσ
ep/
dE
t
∗
and
dσ
ep/
dη
∗
, where
E
t
∗
and
η
∗
are the transverse energy and the pseudorapidity of the jets in the virtual photon-proton centre of mass frame, are presented for
0<Q
2<49
GeV
2
and 0.3<
y<0.6. The interpretation of the results in terms of the structure of the virtual photon is discussed. The data are best described by QCD calculations which include a partonic structure of the virtual photon that evolves with
Q
2.
At the electron-proton collider HERA the inclusive
D
∗±
meson photoproduction cross section has been measured with the H1 detector in two different, but partly overlapping, kinematical regions. For ...the first, where 〈
W
γp
〉 ≈ 200 GeV and
Q
2 < 0.01 GeV
2, the result is
σ(γp → c
cX) = (13.2 ± 2.2
−1.7 −4.8
+2.1 +9.9) μ
b
. The second measurement for
Q
2 < 4 GeV
2 yields
σ(γp → c
cX) = (9.3 ± 2.1
−1.8 −3.2
+1.9 +6.9) μ
b at 〈Wγp〉 ≈ 142
GeV and σ(γp → c
cX) = (20.6 ± 5.5
−3.9 −7.2
+4.3 +15.4 μ
b at 〈Wγp〉 ≈ 230
GeV
, respectively. The third error accounts for an additional uncertainty due to the proton and photon parton density parametrizations. Differential cross sections are presented as a function of the
D
∗±
transverse momentum and rapidity. The results compare reasonably well with next-to-leading order QCD calculations. Evidence for diffractive photoproduction of charm quarks is presented.
The total cross sections for the elastic electroproduction of P and
J
ψ
mesons for
Q
2 > 8 GeV
2 and
〈W〉 ⋍ 90
GeV/c
2
are measured at HERA with the H1 detector. The measurements are for an integrated ...electron-proton luminosity of
⋍3
pb
−1
. The dependences of the total virtual photon-proton (
γ
∗p
) cross sections on
Q
2,
W and the momentum transfer squared to the proton (
t), and, for the ϱ, the dependence on the polar decay angle (
cos θ
∗
are presented. The
J
ψ
: ∂
cross section ratio is determined. The results are discussed in the light of theoretical models and of the interplay of hard and soft physics processes.
The
Q
2 dependence and the total cross sections for charged and neutral current processes are measured in
e
±
p reactions for transverse momenta of the outgoing lepton larger than 25 GeV. Comparable ...size of cross sections for the neutral current process and for the weak charged current process are observed above
Q
2 ∥ 5000 GeV
2. Using the shape and magnitude of the charged current cross section we determine a propagator mass of
m
W
= 84
−7
+10 GeV.
Two large pentakis(phenylethynyl)phenyl alkyl ethers, without side chains as is usual for discotic systems, were synthesized in palladium catalysed one pot coupling reactions. These low molecular ...weight and non-liquid-crystalline electron donor compounds were doped with 2,4,7-trinitrofluorenone under the formation of charge transfer complexes. The induction of two types of enantiotropic mesophases (i.e. nematic and hexagonal columnar phases (N
c
and D
ho
)) was observed. These charge transfer-induced mesophases were characterized by polarization microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray analysis; phase diagrams of the binary systems were also recorded as well as the hexagonal columnar to nematic columnar transition as a function of the length of the disturbing alkoxy group. It is considered possible now to study low molecular mass N
c
phases by tailor-made two component mixtures on the basis of our easily accessible disc-shaped multiynes.
The costs of drug treatment were evaluated for Parkinson's disease, focal dystonias and epilepsy.
Retrospective analysis over a period of 12 months of 785 patients who visited regularly a ...neurological out-patient department.
Drug treatment caused a mean annual expenditure of DM 3,920.- (US-($) 2590, pounds 1690) for Parkinson's disease (n = 409), DM 3,620.- (US-($) 2390; pounds 1550) for focal dystonias (n = 140) and DM 660.- (US-($) 435, pounds 280) for hemifacial spasm (n = 35) per patient.- In Parkinson's disease costs are dependent on the extent of the disease, the type involved and the presence or absence of motor fluctuations. In Hoehn and Yahr stage I we calculated costs of DM 2,230.- (US-($) 1470; pounds 960), in contrast to DM 11,870.- (US-($) 7830; pounds 5100) in Hoehn and Yahr stage V. The occurrence of fluctuations in motor ability increased annual costs to DM 6,010.- (US-($) 3970, pounds 2580); patients' treatment without motor fluctuations was cheaper (DM 2,700.-; US-($) 1780, pounds 1160).- The annual treatment costs of focal dystonias and facial hemispasm varied due to the location of the involuntary movement and the extent of symptoms: DM 4,900.- (US-($) 3300; pounds 2100) were calculated for the treatment of cervical dystonias, DM 1,480.- (US-($) 930; pounds 600) for the treatment of blepharo-spasm (oromandibular dystonia: DM 1,710.-; US-($) 1200; pounds 800) and DM 600.- (US-($) 470; pounds 300) for the treatment of facial hemispasm.- The drug treatment of epilepsy caused mean costs of DM 1,740.- (US-($) 1160; pounds 750) per year. There were marked differences concerning the different epileptic syndromes and types of seizure.
Costs of drug treatment varied considerably in the three diseases depending on the course, the type and the different forms of the respective disease.
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