A
bstract
In the era of precision measurements of the neutrino oscillation parameters, upcoming neutrino experiments will also be sensitive to physics beyond the Standard Model. KM3NeT/ORCA is a ...neutrino detector optimised for measuring atmospheric neutrinos from a few GeV to around 100 GeV. In this paper, the sensitivity of the KM3NeT/ORCA detector to neutrino decay has been explored. A three-flavour neutrino oscillation scenario, where the third neutrino mass state
ν
3
decays into an invisible state, e.g. a sterile neutrino, is considered. We find that KM3NeT/ORCA would be sensitive to invisible neutrino decays with 1
/α
3
=
τ
3
/m
3
<
180 ps
/
eV at 90% confidence level, assuming true normal ordering. Finally, the impact of neutrino decay on the precision of KM3NeT/ORCA measurements for
θ
23
,
Δ
m
31
2
and mass ordering have been studied. No significant effect of neutrino decay on the sensitivity to these measurements has been found.
The next generation of water Cherenkov neutrino telescopes in the Mediterranean Sea are under construction offshore France (KM3NeT/ORCA) and Sicily (KM3NeT/ARCA). The KM3NeT/ORCA detector features an ...energy detection threshold which allows to collect atmospheric neutrinos to study flavour oscillation. This paper reports the KM3NeT/ORCA sensitivity to this phenomenon. The event reconstruction, selection and classification are described. The sensitivity to determine the neutrino mass ordering was evaluated and found to be 4.4
σ
if the true ordering is normal and 2.3
σ
if inverted, after 3 years of data taking. The precision to measure
Δ
m
32
2
and
θ
23
were also estimated and found to be
85
.
10
-
6
eV
2
and
(
-
3.1
+
1.9
)
∘
for normal neutrino mass ordering and,
75
.
10
-
6
eV
2
and
(
-
7.0
+
2.0
)
∘
for inverted ordering. Finally, a unitarity test of the leptonic mixing matrix by measuring the rate of tau neutrinos is described. Three years of data taking were found to be sufficient to exclude
event rate variations larger than 20% at
3
σ
level.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Beverages are an important part of the diet, but their environmental impact has been scarcely assessed. The aim of this study was to assess how changes in beverage consumption over a one-year period ...can impact the environmental sustainability of the diet. This is a one-year longitudinal study of 55-75-year-old participants with metabolic syndrome (n = 1122) within the frame of the PREDIMED-Plus study. Food and beverage intake were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire and a validated beverage-specific questionnaire. The Agribalyse
3.0.1 database was used to calculate environmental impact parameters such as greenhouse gas emission, energy, water, and land use. A sustainability beverage score was created by considering the evaluated environmental markers. A higher beverage sustainability score was obtained when decreasing the consumption of bottled water, natural and packed fruit juice, milk, and drinkable dairy, soups and broths, sorbets and jellies, soft drinks, tea without sugar, beer (with and without alcohol), and wine, as well as when increasing the consumption of tap water and coffee with milk and without sugar. Beverage consumption should be considered when assessing the environmental impact of a diet. Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN89898870. Registered 5 September 2013.
Dietary patterns can produce an environmental impact. Changes in people's diet, such as the increased consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF) can not only influence human health but also ...environment sustainability.
Assessment of the impact of 2-year changes in UPF consumption on greenhouse gas emissions and water, energy and land use.
A 2-year longitudinal study after a dietary intervention including 5879 participants from a Southern European population between the ages of 55–75 years with metabolic syndrome.
Food intake was assessed using a validated 143-item food frequency questionnaire, which allowed classifying foods according to the NOVA system. In addition, sociodemographic data, Mediterranean diet adherence, and physical activity were obtained from validated questionnaires. Greenhouse gas emissions, water, energy and land use were calculated by means of the Agribalyse® 3.0.1 database of environmental impact indicators for food items. Changes in UPF consumption during a 2-year period were analyzed. Statistical analyses were conducted using computed General Linear Models.
Participants with major reductions in their UPF consumption reduced their impact by −0.6 kg of CO2eq and −5.3 MJ of energy. Water use was the only factor that increased as the percentage of UPF was reduced.
Low consumption of ultra-processed foods may contribute to environmental sustainability. The processing level of the consumed food should be considered not only for nutritional advice on health but also for environmental protection.
ISRCTN, ISRCTN89898870. Registered 05 September 2013, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN89898870.
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•Decreasing consumption of ultra-processed foods may improve environmental sustainability.•The lower ultra-processed food dietary contents, the lower the environmental footprints of the diet consumed.•Decreasing ultra-processed food consumption should be considered for health and for environmental protection.
A
bstract
This article presents the potential of a combined analysis of the JUNO and KM3NeT/ORCA experiments to determine the neutrino mass ordering. This combination is particularly interesting as ...it significantly boosts the potential of either detector, beyond simply adding their neutrino mass ordering sensitivities, by removing a degeneracy in the determination of ∆
m
31
2
between the two experiments when assuming the wrong ordering. The study is based on the latest projected performances for JUNO, and on simulation tools using a full Monte Carlo approach to the KM3NeT/ORCA response with a careful assessment of its energy systematics. From this analysis, a 5
σ
determination of the neutrino mass ordering is expected after 6 years of joint data taking for any value of the oscillation parameters. This sensitivity would be achieved after only 2 years of joint data taking assuming the current global best-fit values for those parameters for normal ordering.
The association between changes in ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors remains understudied. We evaluated the association between changes in UPF consumption ...over 12 months of follow-up and changes in CMR factors in adults diagnosed with metabolic syndrome.
We analysed data from 5373 adults (aged 55–75 years) participating in the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Diet was evaluated at baseline, 6- and 12-month visits using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and UPF consumption (in grams/day and percentage of total daily dietary intake in grams) was categorized based on NOVA classification. We used mixed-effects linear models with repeated measurements at baseline, 6 and 12 months of follow-up to assess the associations between changes in UPF consumption and changes in CMR factors adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyles variables.
In multivariable-adjusted models, when comparing the highest versus the lowest quartile of UPF consumption, positive associations were found for several CMR factors: weight (kg, β = 1.09; 95% confidence interval 0.91 to 1.26); BMI (kg/m2, β = 0.39; 0.33 to 0.46); waist circumference (cm, β = 1.03; 0.81 to 1.26); diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg, β = 0.67; 0.29 to 1.06); fasting blood glucose (mg/dl, β = 1.66; 0.61 to 2.70); HbA1c (%, β = 0.04; 0.01 to 0.07); triglycerides (mg/dl, β = 6.79; 3.66 to 9.91) and triglycerides and glucose index (β = 0.06; 0.04 to 0.08).
Higher UPF consumption was associated with adverse evolution in objectively measured CMR factors after 12 months of follow-up in adults with metabolic syndrome. Further research is needed to explore whether these changes persist for longer periods.
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•Ultra-processed food consumption was associated with unfavourable cardiometabolic risk factors.•Participants with higher ultra-processed food consumption showed higher weight and body mass index.•Higher ultra-processed food consumption was associated with higher diastolic blood pressure.•Higher ultra-processed food consumption was related to unfavourable diabetes mellitus indicators.•Participants with higher ultra-processed food consumption showed unfavourable triglycerides profiles.
To estimate the environmental impact of a dietary intervention based on an energy-reduced Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) after one year of follow-up.
Baseline and 1-year follow-up data were used for ...5800 participants aged 55–75 years with metabolic syndrome in the PREDIMED-Plus study. Food intake was estimated through a validated semiquantitative food consumption frequency questionnaire, and adherence to the MedDiet was estimated through the Diet Score. Using the EAT-Lancet Commission tables we assessed the influence of dietary intake on environmental impact (through five indicators: greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), land use, energy used, acidification and potential eutrophication). Using multivariable linear regression models, the association between the intervention and changes in each of the environmental factors was assessed. Mediation analyses were carried out to estimate to what extent changes in each of 2 components of the intervention, namely adherence to the MedDiet and caloric reduction, were responsible for the observed reductions in environmental impact.
We observed a significant reduction in the intervention group compared to the control group in acidification levels (−13.3 vs. -9.9 g SO2-eq), eutrophication (−5.4 vs. -4.0 g PO4-eq) and land use (−2.7 vs. -1.8 m2).
Adherence to the MedDiet partially mediated the association between intervention and reduction of acidification by 15 %, eutrophication by 10 % and land use by 10 %. Caloric reduction partially mediated the association with the same factors by 55 %, 51 % and 38 % respectively. In addition, adherence to the MedDiet fully mediated the association between intervention and reduction in GHG emissions by 56 % and energy use by 53 %.
A nutritional intervention based on consumption of an energy-reduced MedDiet for one year was associated with an improvement in different environmental quality parameters.
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•MedDiet adherence and calorie reduction mediate improved environmental impact.•An energy-reduced MedDiet improves acidification, eutrophication, and land use.•Meat has a greater impact on acidification, eutrophication, land use and energy.•In terms of GHGs, the main contributor in the CG was meat and, in the IG, fish.
This work deals with the electrochemical synthesis and characterization of nickel nanoparticles, NiNPs, onto a glassy carbon electrode, GCE, from a deep eutectic solvent prepared by mixing choline ...chloride and urea in 1:2 M ratio at 60 °C. From the potentiodynamic study, up to 3 energetically different reduction stages can be identified during the Ni(II) reduction process. Two of them (R1 and R2) are mass-transfer controlled process. A crossover between the cathodic and anodic voltammetric scans, characteristic of nucleation processes was clearly observed. From this singular point, the equilibrium potential, Eeq ((-505 ± 5) mV vs. Ag QRE) of the system Ni(II)/Ni(0) was measured. From Tafel plots, the exchange current density of the nickel deposition (j0 = (1.7 ± 0.3) μAcm−2) and its corresponding energy transfer coefficient (α = 0.79 ± 0.2) were obtained. From analysis of potentiostatic current density transients, it was possible to deconvolve the different individual contributions to the total current, namely: i) multiple 3D nucleation and mass transfer controlled-growth of NiNPs and ii) residual water reduction on the growing surfaces of the NiNPs. Furthermore, from integration of the respective j-t plots of each of these contributions it was possible to note that the amount of charge of each process depends of the deposition time and the applied potential and can be controlled by a suitable selection of these experimental variables. Due to water presence, the reduction to hydrogen and hydroxyl ions, precipitation of Ni(OH)2 (s) on the surfaces of the NiNPs, is likely to occur. SEM and HRTE images, taken on the GCE surfaces after potentiostatic deposition of nickel on the R1 potential zone, show the formation of NiNPs all over the surface. Moreover, XPS analysis of the electrode surface indicates the presence of metallic nickel, Ni(0), and NiO/Ni(OH)2 compounds. However, XPS spectra recorded from the same surfaces after a sputtering process, revealed the presence of pure Ni(0), which confirms that the NiNPs obtained after electrodeposition are core-shell type with a core formed by metallic nickel and a thin shell of NiO/Ni(OH)2 (ad).
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•Ni nanoparticles, NiNPs, were electrodeposited from a deep eutectic solvent.•From Tafel plots, the exchange current density and energy transfer were obtained.•The mechanism and kinetics were assessed from analysis of j-t plots.•Total current involves 3D nucleation and residual water reduction on the NiNPs.•Charge of each process depends of time and the applied potential.
A
bstract
KM3NeT/ORCA is a next-generation neutrino telescope optimised for atmospheric neutrino oscillations studies. In this paper, the sensitivity of ORCA to the presence of a light sterile ...neutrino in a 3+1 model is presented. After three years of data taking, ORCA will be able to probe the active-sterile mixing angles
θ
14
,
θ
24
,
θ
34
and the effective angle
θ
μe
, over a broad range of mass squared difference
∆
m
41
2
∼ 10
−
5
,
10 eV
2
, allowing to test the eV-mass sterile neutrino hypothesis as the origin of short baseline anomalies, as well as probing the hypothesis of a very light sterile neutrino, not yet constrained by cosmology. ORCA will be able to explore a relevant fraction of the parameter space not yet reached by present measurements.
The aim of this study was to ascertain the association between the consumption of different categories of edible olive oils (virgin olive oils and olive oil) and olive pomace oil and ankle-brachial ...pressure index (ABI) in participants in the PREDIMED-Plus study, a trial of lifestyle modification for weight and cardiovascular event reduction in individuals with overweight/obesity harboring the metabolic syndrome.
We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Consumption of any category of olive oil and olive pomace oil was assessed through a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression models were fitted to assess associations between olive oil consumption and ABI. Additionally, ABI ≤1 was considered as the outcome in logistic models with different categories of olive oil and olive pomace oil as exposure.
Among 4330 participants, the highest quintile of total olive oil consumption (sum of all categories of olive oil and olive pomace oil) was associated with higher mean values of ABI (beta coefficient: 0.014, 95% confidence interval CI: 0.002, 0.027) (p for trend = 0.010). Logistic models comparing the consumption of different categories of olive oils, olive pomace oil and ABI ≤1 values revealed an inverse association between virgin olive oils consumption and the likelihood of a low ABI (odds ratio OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.56, 0.97), while consumption of olive pomace oil was positively associated with a low ABI (OR 1.22 95% CI 1.00, 1.48).
In a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk, total olive oil consumption was associated with a higher mean ABI. These results suggest that olive oil consumption may be beneficial for peripheral artery disease prevention, but longitudinal studies are needed.
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•Total olive oil consumption is associated with a high ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI) disease.•Virgin olive oils consumption is inversely associated with having ABI≤1.•Olive pomace oil consumption is positively associated with having ABI≤1.
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