Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) is a major subtype of esophageal cancer causing significant morbility and mortality in Asia. Mechanism of initiation and progression of this disease is ...unclear. Tumor initiating cells (TICs) are the subpopulation of cells which have the ability to self-renew, as well as, to drive initiation and progression of cancer. Increasing evidence has shown that TICs exist in a variety of tumors. However, the identification and characterization of TICs in esophageal carcinoma has remained elusive.
to identify TICs in ESCC, ESCC cell lines including two primary cells were used for screening suitable surface marker. Then colony formation assay, drug resistant assay and tumorigenicity assay in immune deficient mice were used to characterize TICs in ESCC. We found that just the CD44 expression correlated with tumorigenicity in ESCC cell lines. And then induced differentiation of ESCC cells by all-trans retinoic acid treatment led to decreased expression of CD44. The FACS isolated cell subpopulations with high CD44 expression showed increased colony formation and drug resistance in vitro, as well as significantly enhanced tumorigenicity in NOD/SICD mice, as compared to the low expressing CD44 ESCC cells.
our study has discovered a novel TIC surface marker, CD44, which can be utilized to enrich efficiently the TICs in ESCC. These findings will be useful for further studies of these cells and exploring therapeutic approaches.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Wolfiporia cocos (Schwein.) Ryvarden et Gilb. has a long history as a Chinese traditional medicine with uses of inducing diuresis, excreting dampness, invigorating the spleen, and tranquilizing the ...mind. Recently, Wolfiporia cocos has received increasing interest, and phytochemical and pharmacological studies have validated the traditional uses of this species.
To provide an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of the mycology, cultivation, traditional uses, chemical constituents and pharmacological activities aspects of Wolfiporia cocos in order to highlight its ethnopharmacological use and to explore its therapeutic potentials and to provide a basis for future research.
The accessible literature, from 1980 to 2012, on Wolfiporia cocos written in English, Chinese, French, Korean, Spanish and Turkish were selected and analyzed.
The phytochemical and modern pharmacological studies demonstrated that Wolfiporia cocos possess a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-rejection, nematicidal, anti-hyperglycemic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-hypertonic stress activities, which could be explained by the presence of various triterpenes and polysaccharides.
Modern phytochemical and pharmacological investigations showed that major active components separated from Wolfiporia cocos had anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-rejection activities, and so on. Further investigations are needed to explore the relationship of the molecular mass, chain stiffness, and water solubility of polysaccharide from Wolfiporia cocos with the antitumor activities.
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Early Cretaceous NE Asia represents one of the largest crustal extensional provinces worldwide (>3 × 106 km2), marked by various extensional tectonics including metamorphic core complexes, (half) ...graben basins, and basaltic, granitic and minor ultramafic intraplate magmatism. In addition, the Early Cretaceous Okhotsk oceanic plateau has also been identified in the western Pacific margin of NE Asia. Recently, a reversal to contractional deformation at the mid-Cretaceous has been widely documented in the regime. Clearly, elucidating the Early Cretaceous tectonic extension in NE Asia and its switch to contraction at the mid-Cretaceous is critical to understanding the geodynamic/tectonic evolution of Eurasia.
Our literature survey reveals the extension-related Early Cretaceous basalts in NE Asia display distinct mantle plume signature. This, along with the vast areal expanse and temporal–spatial coupling of the intraplate magmatism with the sedimentary basins and the metamorphic core complexes, indicates the extension regime and the Okhotsk oceanic plateau together could be product of the mantle plume upwelling event triggered by the Perm Anomaly on the core–mantle boundary during the Early Cretaceous. Waning of the influence of the mantle plumes at the plume tail stage could have initiated the switch to contractional deformation at the mid-Cretaceous. This correlates with the extrusion of the Okhotsk oceanic plateau to the western Pacific margin.
Superhydrophilic and antibacterial zwitterionic polyamide thin film composite nanofiltration membranes (ZTFCMs) with excellent water permeability and antibiotics selectivity were prepared through the ...interfacial polymerization of N-aminoethyl piperazine propane sulfonate (AEPPS) monomer with trimesoyl chloride (TMC) monomer on top of polysulfone ultrafiltration supporting membranes (PSF-UF). Chemical structures of the ZTFCMs were evaluated by attenuated total reflectance fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and element analysis (EA), with membrane microstructures and hydrophilicity being examined by microscopies and water contact angle, respectively. Superhydrophilic ZTFCMs were obtained with more AEPPS content on membrane surface, and they show excellent water permeability coupled with high erythromycin (ERY) retention. For example, the water permeability and retention to ERY of the ZTFCM (AEPPS aqueous concentration is 3.0wt%) are 8.4Lm−2h−1bar−1 and 96.5% (applied pressure is 6bar), respectively. In addition, the ERY concentration of the mixed feed increases exponentially from 100.0 to 350.7mgL−1 with a treatment capacity of 61.6Lm−2h−1 during 7.25h continuous concentration operation. Furthermore, ZTFCMs show a stable and good separation performance during a long-time filtration process of 168h and exhibit an exceptional antibacterial property assessed by Escherichia coli adhesion.
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•ZTFCMs are prepared with zwitterionic monomer by interfacial polymerization.•ZTFCMs are superhydrophilic and antibacterial.•ZTFCMs exhibit excellent water permeability and antibiotics/salt selectivity.
Paris L. (Liliaceae) consisted of 33 species, of which the study focused on Paris polyphylla Smith, P. polyphylla var. chinensis (Franch.) Hara, and P. polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis (Franch.) ...Hand. -Mazz. Due of course to the good effects of analgesia and hemostasis, it was traditionally used to treat trauma by folk herbalists.
This study summarized the traditional uses, distributions, phytochemical components, pharmacological properties, and toxicity evaluation of the genus Paris, and reviewed the economic value of cultivate P. polyphylla. This aim was that of providing a new and comprehensive recognition of these medicinal plants for the further utilization of Paris plants.
The literature about traditional and folk uses of genus Paris was obtained from Duxiu Search, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The other literature about genus Paris was searched online on Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, Scifinder database, and Springer research. The Scientific Database of China Plant Species (DCP) (http://db.kib.ac.cn/Default.aspx) databases were used to check the scientific names and provide species, varieties, and distribution of genus Paris. The botany studies information of genus Paris was available online from Plant Plus of China (www.iplant.cn). All the molecular structures of chemical compounds displayed in the text were produced by ChemBioDraw Ultra 14.0.
The plants of genus Paris, containing about 33 species and 15 varieties, are mainly distributed in Southwest China (Yunnan, Sichuan, and Guizhou provinces). More than 320 chemical components have been isolated from genus Paris since 2020, including steroidal saponins, C-21 steroids, phytosterols, insect hormones, pentacyclic triterpenes, flavonoids, and other compounds. Arrays of pharmacological investigations revealed that compounds and extracts of Paris species possess a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects, such as antitumor, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antifungal, hemostatic, and anti-inflammatory activities. The studies about toxicity evaluation suggested that Rhizome Paridis had slight liver toxicity.
The dried rhizomes of P. polyphylla, P. polyphylla var. chinensis, and P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis were used to treat wound, bleeding, and stomachache, etc. in folk medicine. Phytochemistry researches showed that different species had pretty similarities especially in terms of chemical constituents. Pharmacological studies witnessed that Rhizome Paridis has various activities. Among these activities, steroidal saponins were the main active ingredients. Furthermore, an important aspect responsible for increasing interest in genus Paris is the use of antifertility-nonhormonal contraceptives by women. Also, the development of TCM (Traditional Chinese medicine) planting industry can improve the income of ethnic minorities and promote economic development.
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Organ homeostasis is orchestrated by time- and spatially restricted cell proliferation. Studies identifying cells with superior proliferative capacities often rely on the lineage tracing of a subset ...of cell populations, which introduces a potential selective bias. In this work, we developed a genetic system proliferation tracer (ProTracer) by incorporating dual recombinases to seamlessly record the proliferation events of entire cell populations over time in multiple organs. In the mouse liver, ProTracer revealed more hepatocyte proliferation in distinct zones during liver homeostasis, injury repair, and regrowth. Clonal analysis showed that most of the hepatocytes labeled by ProTracer had undergone cell division. By genetically recording proliferation events of entire cell populations, ProTracer enables the unbiased detection of specific cellular compartments with enhanced regenerative capacities.
Low-cost, high-performance luminescent probes with wide application potential have been actively pursued. Conventional luminescent probes, which rely on single or dual emissions responsive to analyte ...molecules, demonstrate limited sensitivity and selectivity because the single emissions can be easily affected by many non-analyte factors, while the dual emissions can only offer single-ratiometric luminescent sensing. Here we report a white-light-emitting trichromatic MOF composite (
) as the first multidimensional ratiometric luminescent probe. It is facilely synthesized by simultaneously incorporating red- and green-emitting iridium and ruthenium complex cations as encapsulated luminescent modules (ELMs) into a porous blue-emitting MOF
ion exchange. Specific volatile organic solvents (VOSs) can cause VOS-dependent changes to the MOF-to-ELM energy transfer efficiencies in
, while nitroaromatic (NAC) vapors intriguingly and unprecedentedly quench the three emissions at different rates, both of which enable visible luminescent sensing. Each VOS can be correlated to a unique combination of the two MOF-to-ELM ratios of emission-peak heights, enabling a two-dimensional (2D) code recognition. Furthermore, the time-dependent evolution of the two ratios upon exposure to selective NAC vapors can be mapped out, achieving the first 3D code recognition. Both the synthetic and sensing strategies can be further implemented to develop low-cost and effective luminescent probes.
Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease starting with the entry of monocytes into the subendothelium and the subsequent differentiation into macrophages. Macrophages are the major immune cells in ...atherosclerotic plaques and are involved in the dynamic progression of atherosclerotic plaques. The biological properties of atherosclerotic plaque macrophages determine lesion size, composition, and stability. The heterogenicity and plasticity of atherosclerotic macrophages have been a hotspot in recent years. Studies demonstrated that lipids, cytokines, chemokines, and other molecules in the atherosclerotic plaque microenvironment regulate macrophage phenotype, contributing to the switch of macrophages toward a pro- or anti-atherosclerosis state. Of note, M1/M2 classification is oversimplified and only represent two extreme states of macrophages. Moreover, M2 macrophages in atherosclerosis are not always protective. Understanding the phenotypic diversity and functions of macrophages can disclose their roles in atherosclerotic plaques. Given that lipid-lowering therapy cannot completely retard the progression of atherosclerosis, macrophages with high heterogeneity and plasticity raise the hope for atherosclerosis regression. This review will focus on the macrophage phenotypic diversity, its role in the progression of the dynamic atherosclerotic plaque, and finally discuss the possibility of treating atherosclerosis by targeting macrophage microenvironment.
Background and Aim
The effect of real‐time analysis of needle‐based confocal laser endomicroscopy (nCLE) for gastric subepithelial lesions (SELs) on the diagnostic value is unclear. The study aimed ...to investigate the diagnostic efficacy of real‐time nCLE for gastric SELs and to assess the technical aspects and safety of real‐time nCLE.
Methods
Consecutive patients with gastric SELs ≥ 1 cm were prospectively investigated by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), followed by nCLE. During EUS‐nCLE, real‐time nCLE diagnosis was made by an expert endoscopist. The procedure‐relative adverse events were assessed and recorded. One‐month washout period later, nCLE videos were reviewed off‐line by the same endoscopist. The nCLE diagnoses were compared with corresponding pathological results. Additionally, image quality and interobserver agreements for the criteria were evaluated by three experienced endomicroscopists.
Results
Except for one failing to be punctured, 60 patients completed EUS‐nCLE procedures successfully. Real‐time nCLE had high diagnostic accuracies of ≥ 88.3% for gastric SELs. There were no significant differences between real‐time and off‐line nCLE diagnoses for gastric SELs (P > 0.05). The overall accuracy of real‐time nCLE for diagnosis of gastric SELs was 86.7%. There were no procedure‐relative adverse events occurred. In addition, the mean image quality score was 3.6 (1 = poor and 5 = excellent). The interobserver agreement was “almost perfect” for ectopic pancreas and “substantial” for gastrointestinal stromal tumor, leiomyoma, and carcinoma.
Conclusions
Endoscopic ultrasound‐nCLE could provide in vivo real‐time diagnostic imaging with a high diagnostic accuracy. Meanwhile, real‐time nCLE was feasible and had a satisfactory safety profile.
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