What’s New in Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Cleland, Travis L; Wilson, Richard; Kim, Chong ...
Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume,
2020-November-18, 2020-11-18, 20201118, Letnik:
102, Številka:
22
Journal Article
Big data is a high volume data, as it comprises complex and large volume of information. A successful solution is to redistribute the data to a cloud server that has the capacity of storing and ...processing big data in an effective manner. The main intention of the research is to secure storage of big data and effective access control mechanism. The main stages of the proposed method are map reduce framework, secure storage process and access control mechanism process. Map Reduce is a distributed programming framework used to process big data. In mapper, the input dataset is grouped using hybrid kernel fuzzy c means (HKFCM) clustering algorithm. Finally, the reduced output is fed to the data owner for secure storage. In secure storage process, the suggested method utilizes optimal elliptic curve cryptography (OECC). Here the fundamental values are optimally selected by Modified grasshopper optimization algorithm (MGOA). In the access control mechanism, the effective policy update is proposed along with data storage construction and data deconstruction stage. The routine of the recommended method is assessed using memory and execution time by differentiating the number data size, number cluster size and the number of mapper. The proposed method attains the minimum time and memory utilization when compared to the existing method. The suggested method is implemented in cloud sim with Hadoop Map-reduce framework.
Despite the considerable public health burden of rotator cuff tears, there is no consensus on risk factors associated with symptomatic rotator cuff tears. In this study, a large data source was used ...to identify factors associated with symptomatic rotator cuff tears. We defined cases of rotator cuff tears as those verified by imaging or operative reports and controls as symptomatic shoulders without rotator cuff tears as verified by imaging or operative reports.
We performed a case-control study of patients with and without symptomatic rotator cuff tears by use of the Vanderbilt University Medical Center de-identified electronic medical record system, the Synthetic Derivative, with records on >2.5 million patients from 1998 to 2017. Cases and controls were confirmed by individual chart review and review of imaging and/or operative notes. A final set of 11 variables were analyzed as potential risk factors for cuff tears: age, sex, body mass index (BMI), race, smoking history, hypertension, depression/anxiety, dyslipidemia, carpal tunnel syndrome, overhead activity, and affected side. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the association between predictor variables and the risk of having a rotator cuff tear.
A total of 2738 patients were selected from the Synthetic Derivative, which included 1731 patients with rotator cuff tears and 1007 patients without rotator cuff tears. Compared with individuals without tears, those with rotator cuff tears were more likely to be older (odds ratio OR, 2.44; 95% confidence interval CI, 2.12-2.89), to have a higher BMI (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.24-1.69), to be of male sex (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.32-1.85), and to have carpal tunnel syndrome (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.03-1.93). Patients with rotator cuff tears were less likely to have left shoulder symptoms (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.57-0.82) and to have depression/anxiety (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.62-0.95) compared with the control group, which had symptomatic shoulder pain without rotator cuff tears.
In a large imaging and operative report–verified case-control study, we identified advancing age, male sex, higher BMI, and diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome as risk factors significantly associated with an increased risk of rotator cuff tears. Left shoulder symptoms and depression/anxiety were less likely to be associated with rotator cuff tears compared with symptomatic shoulders without rotator cuff tears. Contrary to some prior reports in the literature, smoking was not associated with rotator cuff tears.
The circadian clock in plants is the intrinsic rhythmic expression of thousands of genes in a 24 h period, which is set by the day-night cycles in the environment. The study of the circadian clock ...often requires expression profiling of genes over a large number of samples for which RT-qPCR is invariably used. Reliability of the results depends largely on the house-keeping genes, which serve as control and thus should be chosen carefully to prevent erroneous results. In this study, ten house-keeping genes were chosen from rice for stability analysis with 48 tissue samples harvested from plants subjected to diurnal/circadian cycles. Although, all the genes were found to be stable, however, six of them showed cyclic expression patterns and caused major changes in the expression profiles of the target genes when used to normalize their expression data, thereby making them poor candidates for diurnal/circadian studies. In conclusion, reference genes need to be selected for diurnal/circadian studies with extra caution as more than 80% of transcriptome in plants undergoes cycling, which remains undetected by the gene stability assessment software and can severely affect the RT-qPCR based gene expression profiling. The geometric mean of two or more most stable reference genes is hence recommended for diurnal/circadian studies in plants.
The Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib is a highly effective, new targeted therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) that thwarts leukemia cell survival, growth, and tissue homing. The ...effects of ibrutinib treatment on the T cell compartment, which is clonally expanded and thought to support the growth of malignant B cells in CLL, are not fully characterized. Using next-generation sequencing technology, we characterized the diversity of TCRβ-chains in peripheral blood T cells from 15 CLL patients before and after 1 y of ibrutinib therapy. We noted elevated CD4
and CD8
T cell numbers and a restricted TCRβ repertoire in all pretreatment samples. After 1 y of ibrutinib therapy, elevated peripheral blood T cell numbers and T cell-related cytokine levels had normalized, and T cell repertoire diversity increased significantly. Dominant TCRβ clones in pretreatment samples declined or became undetectable, and the number of productive unique clones increased significantly during ibrutinib therapy, with the emergence of large numbers of low-frequency TCRβ clones. Importantly, broader TCR repertoire diversity was associated with clinical efficacy and lower rates of infections during ibrutinib therapy. These data demonstrate that ibrutinib therapy increases diversification of the T cell compartment in CLL patients, which contributes to cellular immune reconstitution.
Background Rotator cuff disease is a common disorder leading to shoulder pain and loss of function. Its etiology in atraumatic cases is uncertain and is likely to extend beyond repetitive microtrauma ...or overuse. Our objective was to determine whether there is a genetic or familial predisposition to rotator cuff disease. Methods A literature search of PubMed and Embase databases identified 251 citations. After review of the titles, abstracts, and full articles, 7 met our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results Four studies assessed familial predisposition to rotator cuff disease. One of these demonstrated that siblings of an individual with a rotator cuff tear were more likely to develop a full-thickness tear and more likely to be symptomatic. A 5-year follow-up showed that the relative risks were increased for the siblings to have a full-thickness tear, for a tear to progress in size, and for being symptomatic. Another study demonstrated that a significantly higher number of individuals with tears had family members with a history of tears or surgery than those without tears did. The other 3 studies investigated whether a genetic predisposition to rotator cuff disease exists and found significant association of haplotypes in DEFB1 , FGFR1 , FGF3 , ESRRB , and FGF10 and 2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms within SAP30BP and SASH1. Conclusion Prior studies provide preliminary evidence for genetic and familial predisposition to rotator cuff disease. However, there is a lack of large genome-wide studies that can provide more definitive information and guide early detection of individuals at risk, prophylactic rehabilitation, and potential gene therapies and regenerative medicine interventions.
The aim of the present systematic review is to synthesize existing evidence (qualitative and quantitative) regarding age- and sex-specific differences with glenohumeral osteoarthritis (GH OA).
The ...electronic databases PubMed, Medline and Web of Science were searched up to March 15, 2023. Articles reporting on the association of risk factors (age and sex) with GH OA were considered. We used Newcastle-Ottawa scale to assess study quality. Meta-analysis was conducted to quantitatively summarize the association of age and sex with GH OA.
A total of 24 articles were retrieved for full-text review. Out of twenty-four articles, 8 articles reporting age-specific and 5 articles reporting sex-specific associations with GH OA were included. The odds ratio (OR) for the age OR-3.18; 95% confidence interval (CI)-1.10-15.92 and female sex OR-1.78; 95%CI-0.95-3.42 were increased and observed statistically significant.
The present systematic review and meta-analysis suggests the role of increasing age as one of the significant contributors to GH OA. However, association of female sex with GH OA is least convincing. Future studies are required to understand the molecular mechanisms behind the contributory role of increasing age and female sex in the establishment of GH OA.
Despite rotator cuff disease being one of the most common causes of shoulder pain, its pathogenesis and biology are poorly understood. In this study, we synthesized evidence from studies reporting ...associations for aging and smoking status in relation to rotator cuff disease.
A systematic review was performed using multiple databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, and Science Direct). Articles that met our eligibility criteria and presented data on the association between aging and/or smoking status and rotator cuff disease were included. We performed meta-analyses and reported cumulative effects using odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals.
Of the 212 articles eligible for full-text review, seven studies reported on the relationship between aging and rotator cuff disease, and 10 studies reported on the relationship between smoking and rotator cuff disease. Aging was consistently associated with increased odds of having rotator cuff disease when assessed continuously (per 10-yr increase: odds ratio = 1.20, 95% confidence interval = 1.18-1.21) or categorically (ages <40 yrs vs: a 40-44 yrs odds ratio = 2.71, 95% confidence interval = 1.78-4.13, b 45-49 yrs odds ratio = 4.33, 95% confidence interval = 2.88-6.55, and c ≥50 yrs odds ratio = 6.97, 95% confidence interval = 4.85-10.01). Assessing studies that reported smoking status as current smokers versus nonsmokers, current smokers were more likely to have rotator cuff disease (odds ratio = 1.94, 95% confidence interval = 1.52-2.48). However, a statistically significant association was not found when never smokers were compared with former smokers (odds ratio = 1.08, 95% confidence interval = 0.97-1.20) and to current smokers (odds ratio = 0.97, 95% confidence interval = 0.87-1.07).
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, increasing age was a strong risk factor for rotator cuff disease. The finding that current smokers are more likely to have rotator cuff disease as compared with nonsmokers implies that cessation of smoking can potentially lead to mitigation of this risk factor.
The ability to prepare arbitrary quantum states within a certain Hilbert space is the holy grail of quantum information technology. It is particularly important for light, as this is the only ...physical system that can communicate quantum information over long distances. We propose and experimentally verify a scheme to produce arbitrary single-mode states of a travelling light field up to the two-photon level. The desired state is remotely prepared in the signal channel of spontaneous parametric down-conversion by means of conditional measurements on the idler channel. The measurement consists of bringing the idler field into interference with two ancilla coherent states, followed by two single-photon detectors, which, in coincidence, herald the preparation event. By varying the amplitudes and phases of the ancillae, we can prepare any arbitrary superposition of zero-, one- and two-photon states.
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