Projektant statičke protupotresne sanacije objekta morao je voditi računa o tome da zahvati ne smiju narušiti vizualne kvalitete spomenika arhitekture, da se moraju izvoditi u najmanjemu mogućem ...opsegu i na mjestima na kojima nema kamenih ili štukaturnih elemenata. Zahvati su morali biti smanjeni na najmanju moguću mjeru u skladu sa sigurnosnim zahtjevima, koji su još uvijek bili prihvatljivi s obzirom na izrađeni konzervatorski plan. Važno je bilo da su u svim fazama građevinskih radova obnove uzeta u obzir ograničenja i zahtjevi koji proizlaze iz postupka statičke sanacije zgrade.
Healthcare provider training in Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care (EmOC&NC) is a component of 65% of intervention programs aimed at reducing maternal and newborn mortality and morbidity. It is ...important to evaluate the effectiveness of this.
We evaluated knowledge and skills among 5,939 healthcare providers before and after 3-5 days 'skills and drills' training in emergency obstetric and newborn care (EmOC&NC) conducted in 7 sub-Saharan Africa countries (Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) and 2 Asian countries (Bangladesh, Pakistan). Standardised assessments using multiple choice questions and objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) were used to measure change in knowledge and skills and the Improvement Ratio (IR) by cadre and by country. Linear regression was performed to identify variables associated with pre-training score and IR.
99.7% of healthcare providers improved their overall score with a median (IQR) increase of 10.0% (5.0% - 15.0%) for knowledge and 28.8% (23.1% - 35.1%) for skill. There were significant improvements in knowledge and skills for each cadre of healthcare provider and for each country (p<0.05). The mean IR was 56% for doctors, 50% for mid-level staff and nurse-midwives and 38% for nursing-aides. A teaching job, previous in-service training, and higher percentage of work-time spent providing maternity care were each associated with a higher pre-training score. Those with more than 11 years of experience in obstetrics had the lowest scores prior to training, with mean IRs 1.4% lower than for those with no more than 2 years of experience. The largest IR was for recognition and management of obstetric haemorrhage (49-70%) and the smallest for recognition and management of obstructed labour and use of the partograph (6-15%).
Short in-service EmOC&NC training was associated with improved knowledge and skills for all cadres of healthcare providers working in maternity wards in both sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Additional support and training is needed for use of the partograph as a tool to monitor progress in labour. Further research is needed to assess if this is translated into improved service delivery.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Objective: The aim of the article is to present and exemplify the mechanisms of changes in defining and influencing the new imperative of corporate value creation. It is implied by the impact of the ...sustainable development concept. Research Design & Methods: The research focused on the concept of corporate value creation in the context of the challenges connected to sustainable development. In the article, both inductive and deductive ways of reasoning were adopted, which makes it possible to combine the results of the detailed research. Findings: The publication indicates the emerging need for a change in the manner of perceiving and thinking about values – ‘from grasping value for today – towards the value of the future.’ This is related to the need to formulate the new imperative of corporate value creation. Implications & Recommendations: The reasonable profit concept can also be the basis for the formulation of the postulate of ‘reasonable speed of corporate value creation.’ Therefore, there is a need to redefine the existing imperative of corporate value creation and implement a new imperative based on the idea of the responsibility for the existence and long-term development of the enterprise. Contribution & Value Added: The result is the disclosure of the emergence of a hybrid concept of sustainable value-based management. The added value of this article is the proposal to create a new imperative of corporate value creation based on the foundation of the restitution of the idea of responsibility.
Statistical comparison of organ weights between treated and untreated animals have traditionally been used to predict potential toxicity for patients. The manner of presentation of organ weight data, ...and the value of statistical analyses have been topics of discussion. Historically, a decision tree approach has been applied for statistical comparison of organ weights which does not control the overall error rate and can lead to different statistical tests being used by chance for identical settings causing confusion. This paper proposes a simple nonparametric approach for assessing treatment effects on organ weights in terms of ratios based on the Hodges–Lehmann estimator. This allows for simple interpretation of results and aids in the identification of potential target organs as the evaluation is based on effect sizes and not on
p-values allowing a robust proof of effect as well as a robust proof of no effect. The proposed estimate and the corresponding nonparametric confidence interval applied to a rank-sum score can be used as a confirmatory test for difference and as a confirmatory test for equivalence. Exploratory analyses can be performed calculating the proposed estimates for each organ separately to be summarized graphically in a confidence interval plot.
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